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Apache Commons Crypto is a cryptographic library optimized with AES-NI (Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions). It provides Java API for both cipher level and Java stream level. Developers can use it to implement high performance AES encryption/decryption with the minimum code and effort. Please note that Crypto doesn't implement the cryptographic algorithm such as AES directly. It wraps to Openssl or JCE which implement the algorithms. Features -------- 1. Cipher API for low level cryptographic operations. 2. Java stream API (CryptoInputStream/CryptoOutputStream) for high level stream encyrption/decryption. 3. Both optimized with high performance AES encryption/decryption. (1400 MB/s - 1700 MB/s throughput in modern Xeon processors). 4. JNI-based implementation to achieve comparable performance to the native C++ version based on OpenSsl. 5. Portable across various operating systems (currently only Linux/MacOSX/Windows); Apache Commons Crypto loads the library according to your machine environment (it checks system properties, `os.name` and `os.arch`). 6. Simple usage. Add the commons-crypto-(version).jar file to your classpath. Export restrictions ------------------- This distribution includes cryptographic software. The country in which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import, possession, use, and/or re-export to another country, of encryption software. BEFORE using any encryption software, please check your country's laws, regulations and policies concerning the import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to see if this is permitted. See <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more information. The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric algorithms. The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object code and source code. The following provides more details on the included cryptographic software: * Commons Crypto use [Java Cryptography Extension](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec.html) provided by Java * Commons Crypto link to and use [OpenSSL](https://www.openssl.org/) ciphers

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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.crypto.utils;

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;

import org.apache.commons.crypto.cipher.CryptoCipher;

/**
 * General utility methods for working with reflection.
 */
public final class ReflectionUtils {

    private static final Map>>> CACHE_CLASSES = new WeakHashMap<>();

    private static final ClassLoader CLASSLOADER;

    static {
        final ClassLoader threadClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        CLASSLOADER = (threadClassLoader != null) ? threadClassLoader : CryptoCipher.class.getClassLoader();
    }

    /**
     * Sentinel value to store negative cache results in {@link #CACHE_CLASSES}.
     */
    private static final Class NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL = NegativeCacheSentinel.class;

    /**
     * The private constructor of {@link ReflectionUtils}.
     */
    private ReflectionUtils() {
    }

    /**
     * A unique class which is used as a sentinel value in the caching for
     * getClassByName. {@link #getClassByNameOrNull(String)}.
     */
    private static abstract class NegativeCacheSentinel {
        // noop
    }

    /**
     * Uses the constructor represented by this {@code Constructor} object to create
     * and initialize a new instance of the constructor's declaring class, with the
     * specified initialization parameters.
     *
     * @param    type for the new instance
     * @param klass the Class object.
     * @param args  array of objects to be passed as arguments to the constructor
     *              call.
     * @return a new object created by calling the constructor this object
     *         represents.
     */
    public static  T newInstance(final Class klass, final Object... args) {
        try {
            Constructor ctor;

            if (args.length == 0) {
                ctor = klass.getDeclaredConstructor();
            } else {
                final Class[] argClses = new Class[args.length];
                for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                    argClses[i] = args[i].getClass();
                }
                ctor = klass.getDeclaredConstructor(argClses);
            }
            ctor.setAccessible(true);
            return ctor.newInstance(args);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Loads a class by name.
     *
     * @param name the class name.
     * @return the class object.
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found.
     */
    public static Class getClassByName(final String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        final Class ret = getClassByNameOrNull(name);
        if (ret == null) {
            throw new ClassNotFoundException("Class " + name + " not found");
        }
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * Loads a class by name, returning null rather than throwing an exception if it
     * couldn't be loaded. This is to avoid the overhead of creating an exception.
     *
     * @param name the class name.
     * @return the class object, or null if it could not be found.
     */
    private static Class getClassByNameOrNull(final String name) {
        Map>> map;

        synchronized (CACHE_CLASSES) {
            map = CACHE_CLASSES.get(CLASSLOADER);
            if (map == null) {
                map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap>>());
                CACHE_CLASSES.put(CLASSLOADER, map);
            }
        }

        Class clazz = null;
        final WeakReference> ref = map.get(name);
        if (ref != null) {
            clazz = ref.get();
        }

        if (clazz == null) {
            try {
                clazz = Class.forName(name, true, CLASSLOADER);
            } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // Leave a marker that the class isn't found
                map.put(name, new WeakReference>(NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL));
                return null;
            }
            // two putters can race here, but they'll put the same class
            map.put(name, new WeakReference>(clazz));
            return clazz;
        } else if (clazz == NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL) {
            return null; // not found
        } else {
            // cache hit
            return clazz;
        }
    }
}




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