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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.jexl3.internal.introspection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* A method key usable by the introspector cache.
*
* This stores a method (or class) name and parameters.
*
*
* This replaces the original key scheme which used to build the key
* by concatenating the method name and parameters class names as one string
* with the exception that primitive types were converted to their object class equivalents.
*
*
* The key is still based on the same information, it is just wrapped in an object instead.
* Primitive type classes are converted to they object equivalent to make a key;
* int foo(int) and int foo(Integer) do generate the same key.
*
* A key can be constructed either from arguments (array of objects) or from parameters
* (array of class).
* Roughly 3x faster than string key to access the map and uses less memory.
*/
public final class MethodKey {
/** The initial size of the primitive conversion map. */
private static final int PRIMITIVE_SIZE = 13;
/** The primitive type to class conversion map. */
private static final Map, Class> PRIMITIVE_TYPES;
static {
PRIMITIVE_TYPES = new HashMap, Class>(PRIMITIVE_SIZE);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Boolean.TYPE, Boolean.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Byte.TYPE, Byte.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Character.TYPE, Character.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Double.TYPE, Double.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Float.TYPE, Float.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Integer.TYPE, Integer.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Long.TYPE, Long.class);
PRIMITIVE_TYPES.put(Short.TYPE, Short.class);
}
/** Converts a primitive type to its corresponding class.
*
* If the argument type is primitive then we want to convert our
* primitive type signature to the corresponding Object type so
* introspection for methods with primitive types will work
* correctly.
*
* @param parm a may-be primitive type class
* @return the equivalent object class
*/
static Class primitiveClass(Class parm) {
// it is marginally faster to get from the map than call isPrimitive...
//if (!parm.isPrimitive()) return parm;
Class prim = PRIMITIVE_TYPES.get(parm);
return prim == null ? parm : prim;
}
/** The hash code. */
private final int hashCode;
/** The method name. */
private final String method;
/** The parameters. */
private final Class[] params;
/** A marker for empty parameter list. */
private static final Class[] NOARGS = new Class[0];
/** The hash code constants. */
private static final int HASH = 37;
/**
* Creates a key from a method name and a set of arguments.
* @param aMethod the method to generate the key from
* @param args the intended method arguments
*/
public MethodKey(String aMethod, Object[] args) {
super();
// !! keep this in sync with the other ctor (hash code) !!
this.method = aMethod;
int hash = this.method.hashCode();
final int size;
// CSOFF: InnerAssignment
if (args != null && (size = args.length) > 0) {
this.params = new Class[size];
for (int p = 0; p < size; ++p) {
Object arg = args[p];
// null arguments use void as Void.class as marker
Class parm = arg == null ? Void.class : arg.getClass();
hash = (HASH * hash) + parm.hashCode();
this.params[p] = parm;
}
} else {
this.params = NOARGS;
}
this.hashCode = hash;
}
/**
* Creates a key from a method.
* @param aMethod the method to generate the key from.
*/
MethodKey(Method aMethod) {
this(aMethod.getName(), aMethod.getParameterTypes());
}
/**
* Creates a key from a constructor.
* @param aCtor the constructor to generate the key from.
*/
MethodKey(Constructor aCtor) {
this(aCtor.getDeclaringClass().getName(), aCtor.getParameterTypes());
}
/**
* Creates a key from a method name and a set of parameters.
* @param aMethod the method to generate the key from
* @param args the intended method parameters
*/
MethodKey(String aMethod, Class[] args) {
super();
// !! keep this in sync with the other ctor (hash code) !!
this.method = aMethod.intern();
int hash = this.method.hashCode();
final int size;
// CSOFF: InnerAssignment
if (args != null && (size = args.length) > 0) {
this.params = new Class[size];
for (int p = 0; p < size; ++p) {
Class parm = primitiveClass(args[p]);
hash = (HASH * hash) + parm.hashCode();
this.params[p] = parm;
}
} else {
this.params = NOARGS;
}
this.hashCode = hash;
}
/**
* Gets this key's method name.
* @return the method name
*/
String getMethod() {
return method;
}
/**
* Gets this key's method parameter classes.
* @return the parameters
*/
Class[] getParameters() {
return params;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return hashCode;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof MethodKey) {
MethodKey key = (MethodKey) obj;
return method.equals(key.method) && Arrays.equals(params, key.params);
}
return false;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(method);
for (Class c : params) {
builder.append(c == Void.class ? "null" : c.getName());
}
return builder.toString();
}
/**
* Outputs a human readable debug representation of this key.
* @return method(p0, p1, ...)
*/
public String debugString() {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(method);
builder.append('(');
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
builder.append(", ");
}
builder.append(Void.class == params[i] ? "null" : params[i].getName());
}
builder.append(')');
return builder.toString();
}
/**
* Checks whether a method accepts a variable number of arguments.
* May be due to a subtle bug in some JVMs, if a varargs method is an override, depending on (may be) the
* class introspection order, the isVarargs flag on the method itself will be false.
* To circumvent the potential problem, fetch the method with the same signature from the super-classes,
* - which will be different if override -and get the varargs flag from it.
* @param method the method to check for varargs
* @return true if declared varargs, false otherwise
*/
public static boolean isVarArgs(final Method method) {
if (method == null) {
return false;
}
if (method.isVarArgs()) {
return true;
}
// before climbing up the hierarchy, verify that the last parameter is an array
final Class[] ptypes = method.getParameterTypes();
if (ptypes.length > 0 && ptypes[ptypes.length - 1].getComponentType() == null) {
return false;
}
final String mname = method.getName();
// if this is an override, was it actually declared as varargs?
Class clazz = method.getDeclaringClass();
do {
try {
Method m = clazz.getMethod(mname, ptypes);
if (m.isVarArgs()) {
return true;
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException xignore) {
// this should not happen...
}
clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
} while(clazz != null);
return false;
}
/**
* Gets the most specific method that is applicable to the parameters of this key.
* @param methods a list of methods.
* @return the most specific method.
* @throws MethodKey.AmbiguousException if there is more than one.
*/
public Method getMostSpecificMethod(Method[] methods) {
return METHODS.getMostSpecific(methods, params);
}
/**
* Gets the most specific constructor that is applicable to the parameters of this key.
* @param methods a list of constructors.
* @return the most specific constructor.
* @throws MethodKey.AmbiguousException if there is more than one.
*/
public Constructor getMostSpecificConstructor(Constructor[] methods) {
return CONSTRUCTORS.getMostSpecific(methods, params);
}
/**
* Determines whether a type represented by a class object is
* convertible to another type represented by a class object using a
* method invocation conversion, treating object types of primitive
* types as if they were primitive types (that is, a Boolean actual
* parameter type matches boolean primitive formal type). This behavior
* is because this method is used to determine applicable methods for
* an actual parameter list, and primitive types are represented by
* their object duals in reflective method calls.
*
* @param formal the formal parameter type to which the actual
* parameter type should be convertible
* @param actual the actual parameter type.
* @param possibleVarArg whether or not we're dealing with the last parameter
* in the method declaration
* @return true if either formal type is assignable from actual type,
* or formal is a primitive type and actual is its corresponding object
* type or an object type of a primitive type that can be converted to
* the formal type.
*/
public static boolean isInvocationConvertible(Class formal, Class actual, boolean possibleVarArg) {
/* if it's a null, it means the arg was null */
if (actual == null && !formal.isPrimitive()) {
return true;
}
/* Check for identity or widening reference conversion */
if (actual != null && formal.isAssignableFrom(actual)) {
return true;
}
/** Catch all... */
if (formal == Object.class) {
return true;
}
/* Check for boxing with widening primitive conversion. Note that
* actual parameters are never primitives. */
if (formal.isPrimitive()) {
if (formal == Boolean.TYPE && actual == Boolean.class) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Character.TYPE && actual == Character.class) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Byte.TYPE && actual == Byte.class) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Short.TYPE
&& (actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Integer.TYPE
&& (actual == Integer.class || actual == Short.class
|| actual == Byte.class)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Long.TYPE
&& (actual == Long.class || actual == Integer.class
|| actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Float.TYPE
&& (actual == Float.class || actual == Long.class
|| actual == Integer.class || actual == Short.class
|| actual == Byte.class)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Double.TYPE
&& (actual == Double.class || actual == Float.class
|| actual == Long.class || actual == Integer.class
|| actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class)) {
return true;
}
}
/* Check for vararg conversion. */
if (possibleVarArg && formal.isArray()) {
if (actual != null && actual.isArray()) {
actual = actual.getComponentType();
}
return isInvocationConvertible(formal.getComponentType(), actual, false);
}
return false;
}
/**
* Determines whether a type represented by a class object is
* convertible to another type represented by a class object using a
* method invocation conversion, without matching object and primitive
* types. This method is used to determine the more specific type when
* comparing signatures of methods.
*
* @param formal the formal parameter type to which the actual
* parameter type should be convertible
* @param actual the actual parameter type.
* @param possibleVarArg whether or not we're dealing with the last parameter
* in the method declaration
* @return true if either formal type is assignable from actual type,
* or formal and actual are both primitive types and actual can be
* subject to widening conversion to formal.
*/
public static boolean isStrictInvocationConvertible(Class formal, Class actual, boolean possibleVarArg) {
/* we shouldn't get a null into, but if so */
if (actual == null && !formal.isPrimitive()) {
return true;
}
/* Check for identity or widening reference conversion */
if (formal.isAssignableFrom(actual) && (actual != null && formal.isArray() == actual.isArray())) {
return true;
}
/* Check for widening primitive conversion. */
if (formal.isPrimitive()) {
if (formal == Short.TYPE && (actual == Byte.TYPE)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Integer.TYPE
&& (actual == Short.TYPE || actual == Byte.TYPE)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Long.TYPE
&& (actual == Integer.TYPE || actual == Short.TYPE
|| actual == Byte.TYPE)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Float.TYPE
&& (actual == Long.TYPE || actual == Integer.TYPE
|| actual == Short.TYPE || actual == Byte.TYPE)) {
return true;
}
if (formal == Double.TYPE
&& (actual == Float.TYPE || actual == Long.TYPE
|| actual == Integer.TYPE || actual == Short.TYPE
|| actual == Byte.TYPE)) {
return true;
}
}
/* Check for vararg conversion. */
if (possibleVarArg && formal.isArray()) {
if (actual != null && actual.isArray()) {
actual = actual.getComponentType();
}
return isStrictInvocationConvertible(formal.getComponentType(), actual, false);
}
return false;
}
/**
* whether a method/ctor is more specific than a previously compared one.
*/
private static final int MORE_SPECIFIC = 0;
/**
* whether a method/ctor is less specific than a previously compared one.
*/
private static final int LESS_SPECIFIC = 1;
/**
* A method/ctor doesn't match a previously compared one.
*/
private static final int INCOMPARABLE = 2;
/**
* Simple distinguishable exception, used when
* we run across ambiguous overloading. Caught
* by the introspector.
*/
public static class AmbiguousException extends RuntimeException {
/**
* Version Id for serializable.
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2314636505414551664L;
}
/**
* Utility for parameters matching.
* @param Method or Constructor
*/
private abstract static class Parameters {
/**
* Extract the parameter types from its applicable argument.
* @param app a method or constructor
* @return the parameters
*/
protected abstract Class[] getParameterTypes(T app);
/**
* Whether a constructor or method handles varargs.
* @param app the constructor or method
* @return true if varargs, false otherwise
*/
protected abstract boolean isVarArgs(T app);
// CSOFF: RedundantThrows
/**
* Gets the most specific method that is applicable to actual argument types.
* Attempts to find the most specific applicable method using the
* algorithm described in the JLS section 15.12.2 (with the exception that it can't
* distinguish a primitive type argument from an object type argument, since in reflection
* primitive type arguments are represented by their object counterparts, so for an argument of
* type (say) java.lang.Integer, it will not be able to decide between a method that takes int and a
* method that takes java.lang.Integer as a parameter.
*
*
* This turns out to be a relatively rare case where this is needed - however, functionality
* like this is needed.
*
*
* @param methods a list of methods.
* @param classes list of argument types.
* @return the most specific method.
* @throws MethodKey.AmbiguousException if there is more than one.
*/
private T getMostSpecific(T[] methods, Class[] classes) {
LinkedList applicables = getApplicables(methods, classes);
if (applicables.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
if (applicables.size() == 1) {
return applicables.getFirst();
}
/*
* This list will contain the maximally specific methods. Hopefully at
* the end of the below loop, the list will contain exactly one method,
* (the most specific method) otherwise we have ambiguity.
*/
LinkedList maximals = new LinkedList();
for (T app : applicables) {
Class[] appArgs = getParameterTypes(app);
boolean lessSpecific = false;
Iterator maximal = maximals.iterator();
while(!lessSpecific && maximal.hasNext()) {
T max = maximal.next();
switch (moreSpecific(appArgs, getParameterTypes(max))) {
case MORE_SPECIFIC:
/*
* This method is more specific than the previously
* known maximally specific, so remove the old maximum.
*/
maximal.remove();
break;
case LESS_SPECIFIC:
/*
* This method is less specific than some of the
* currently known maximally specific methods, so we
* won't add it into the set of maximally specific
* methods
*/
lessSpecific = true;
break;
default:
// nothing do do
}
}
if (!lessSpecific) {
maximals.addLast(app);
}
}
if (maximals.size() > 1) {
// We have more than one maximally specific method
throw new AmbiguousException();
}
return maximals.getFirst();
} // CSON: RedundantThrows
/**
* Determines which method signature (represented by a class array) is more
* specific. This defines a partial ordering on the method signatures.
*
* @param c1 first signature to compare
* @param c2 second signature to compare
* @return MORE_SPECIFIC if c1 is more specific than c2, LESS_SPECIFIC if
* c1 is less specific than c2, INCOMPARABLE if they are incomparable.
*/
private int moreSpecific(Class[] c1, Class[] c2) {
boolean c1MoreSpecific = false;
boolean c2MoreSpecific = false;
// compare lengths to handle comparisons where the size of the arrays
// doesn't match, but the methods are both applicable due to the fact
// that one is a varargs method
if (c1.length > c2.length) {
return MORE_SPECIFIC;
}
if (c2.length > c1.length) {
return LESS_SPECIFIC;
}
// same length, keep ultimate param offset for vararg checks
final int length = c1.length;
final int ultimate = c1.length - 1;
// ok, move on and compare those of equal lengths
for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
if (c1[i] != c2[i]) {
boolean last = (i == ultimate);
c1MoreSpecific = c1MoreSpecific || isStrictConvertible(c2[i], c1[i], last);
c2MoreSpecific = c2MoreSpecific || isStrictConvertible(c1[i], c2[i], last);
}
}
if (c1MoreSpecific) {
if (c2MoreSpecific) {
// Incomparable due to cross-assignable arguments (i.e. foo(String, Object) vs. foo(Object, String))
return INCOMPARABLE;
}
return MORE_SPECIFIC;
}
if (c2MoreSpecific) {
return LESS_SPECIFIC;
}
// attempt to choose by picking the one with the greater number of primitives or latest primitive parameter
int primDiff = 0;
for (int c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
boolean last = (c == ultimate);
if (isPrimitive(c1[c], last)) {
primDiff += 1 << c;
}
if (isPrimitive(c2[c], last)) {
primDiff -= 1 << c;
}
}
if (primDiff > 0) {
return MORE_SPECIFIC;
} else if (primDiff < 0) {
return LESS_SPECIFIC;
}
/*
* Incomparable due to non-related arguments (i.e.
* foo(Runnable) vs. foo(Serializable))
*/
return INCOMPARABLE;
}
/**
* Checks whether a parameter class is a primitive.
* @param c the parameter class
* @param possibleVarArg true if this is the last parameter which can be a primitive array (vararg call)
* @return true if primitive, false otherwise
*/
private boolean isPrimitive(Class c, boolean possibleVarArg) {
if (c != null) {
if (c.isPrimitive()) {
return true;
} else if (possibleVarArg) {
Class t = c.getComponentType();
return t != null && t.isPrimitive();
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns all methods that are applicable to actual argument types.
*
* @param methods list of all candidate methods
* @param classes the actual types of the arguments
* @return a list that contains only applicable methods (number of
* formal and actual arguments matches, and argument types are assignable
* to formal types through a method invocation conversion).
*/
private LinkedList getApplicables(T[] methods, Class[] classes) {
LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
for (T method : methods) {
if (isApplicable(method, classes)) {
list.add(method);
}
}
return list;
}
/**
* Returns true if the supplied method is applicable to actual
* argument types.
*
* @param method method that will be called
* @param actuals arguments signature for method
* @return true if method is applicable to arguments
*/
private boolean isApplicable(T method, Class[] actuals) {
Class[] formals = getParameterTypes(method);
// if same number or args or
// there's just one more methodArg than class arg
// and the last methodArg is an array, then treat it as a vararg
if (formals.length == actuals.length) {
// this will properly match when the last methodArg
// is an array/varargs and the last class is the type of array
// (e.g. String when the method is expecting String...)
for (int i = 0; i < actuals.length; ++i) {
if (!isConvertible(formals[i], actuals[i], false)) {
// if we're on the last arg and the method expects an array
if (i == actuals.length - 1 && formals[i].isArray()) {
// check to see if the last arg is convertible
// to the array's component type
return isConvertible(formals[i], actuals[i], true);
}
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// number of formal and actual differ, method must be vararg
if (!isVarArgs(method)) {
return false;
}
// less arguments than method parameters: vararg is null
if (formals.length > actuals.length) {
// only one parameter, the last (ie vararg) can be missing
if (formals.length - actuals.length > 1) {
return false;
}
// check that all present args match up to the method parms
for (int i = 0; i < actuals.length; ++i) {
if (!isConvertible(formals[i], actuals[i], false)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// more arguments given than the method accepts; check for varargs
if (formals.length > 0 && actuals.length > 0) {
// check that they all match up to the last method arg
for (int i = 0; i < formals.length - 1; ++i) {
if (!isConvertible(formals[i], actuals[i], false)) {
return false;
}
}
// check that all remaining arguments are convertible to the vararg type
// (last parm is an array since method is vararg)
Class vararg = formals[formals.length - 1].getComponentType();
for (int i = formals.length - 1; i < actuals.length; ++i) {
if (!isConvertible(vararg, actuals[i], false)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// no match
return false;
}
/**
* @see #isInvocationConvertible(Class, Class, boolean)
* @param formal the formal parameter type to which the actual
* parameter type should be convertible
* @param actual the actual parameter type.
* @param possibleVarArg whether or not we're dealing with the last parameter
* in the method declaration
* @return see isMethodInvocationConvertible.
*/
private boolean isConvertible(Class formal, Class actual, boolean possibleVarArg) {
// if we see Void.class, the argument was null
return isInvocationConvertible(formal, actual.equals(Void.class) ? null : actual, possibleVarArg);
}
/**
* @see #isStrictInvocationConvertible(Class, Class, boolean)
* @param formal the formal parameter type to which the actual
* parameter type should be convertible
* @param actual the actual parameter type.
* @param possibleVarArg whether or not we're dealing with the last parameter
* in the method declaration
* @return see isStrictMethodInvocationConvertible.
*/
private boolean isStrictConvertible(Class formal, Class actual,
boolean possibleVarArg) {
// if we see Void.class, the argument was null
return isStrictInvocationConvertible(formal, actual.equals(Void.class) ? null : actual, possibleVarArg);
}
}
/**
* The parameter matching service for methods.
*/
private static final Parameters METHODS = new Parameters() {
@Override
protected Class[] getParameterTypes(Method app) {
return app.getParameterTypes();
}
@Override
public boolean isVarArgs(Method app) {
return MethodKey.isVarArgs(app);
}
};
/**
* The parameter matching service for constructors.
*/
private static final Parameters> CONSTRUCTORS = new Parameters>() {
@Override
protected Class[] getParameterTypes(Constructor app) {
return app.getParameterTypes();
}
@Override
public boolean isVarArgs(Constructor app) {
return app.isVarArgs();
}
};
}