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The Math project is a library of lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components addressing the most common practical problems not immediately available in the Java programming language or commons-lang.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.math;

import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.MissingResourceException;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;


/**
* Base class for commons-math checked exceptions.
* 
* Supports nesting, emulating JDK 1.4 behavior if necessary.
* 
* Adapted from .

* 
* @version $Revision: 780674 $ $Date: 2009-06-01 11:10:55 -0400 (Mon, 01 Jun 2009) $
*/
public class MathException extends Exception {
    
    /** Serializable version identifier. */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -9004610152740737812L;

    /**
     * Pattern used to build the message.
     */
    private final String pattern;

    /**
     * Arguments used to build the message.
     */
    private final Object[] arguments;

    /**
     * Translate a string to a given locale.
     * @param s string to translate
     * @param locale locale into which to translate the string
     * @return translated string or original string
     * for unsupported locales or unknown strings
     */
    private static String translate(String s, Locale locale) {
        try {
            ResourceBundle bundle =
                    ResourceBundle.getBundle("org.apache.commons.math.MessagesResources", locale);
            if (bundle.getLocale().getLanguage().equals(locale.getLanguage())) {
                // the value of the resource is the translated string
                return bundle.getString(s);
            }
            
        } catch (MissingResourceException mre) {
            // do nothing here
        }

        // the locale is not supported or the resource is unknown
        // don't translate and fall back to using the string as is
        return s;

    }

    /**
     * Builds a message string by from a pattern and its arguments.
     * @param locale Locale in which the message should be translated
     * @param pattern format specifier
     * @param arguments format arguments
     * @return a message string
     */
    private static String buildMessage(Locale locale, String pattern, Object ... arguments) {
        return (pattern == null) ? "" : new MessageFormat(translate(pattern, locale), locale).format(arguments);        
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new MathException with no
     * detail message.
     */
    public MathException() {
        super();
        this.pattern   = null;
        this.arguments = new Object[0];
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a new MathException with specified
     * formatted detail message.
     * Message formatting is delegated to {@link java.text.MessageFormat}.
     * @param pattern format specifier
     * @param arguments format arguments
     */
    public MathException(String pattern, Object ... arguments) {
      super(buildMessage(Locale.US, pattern, arguments));
      this.pattern   = pattern;
      this.arguments = (arguments == null) ? new Object[0] : arguments.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new MathException with specified
     * nested Throwable root cause.
     *
     * @param rootCause  the exception or error that caused this exception
     *                   to be thrown.
     */
    public MathException(Throwable rootCause) {
        super(rootCause);
        this.pattern   = getMessage();
        this.arguments = new Object[0];
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a new MathException with specified
     * formatted detail message and nested Throwable root cause.
     * Message formatting is delegated to {@link java.text.MessageFormat}.
     * @param rootCause the exception or error that caused this exception
     * to be thrown.
     * @param pattern format specifier
     * @param arguments format arguments
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public MathException(Throwable rootCause, String pattern, Object ... arguments) {
      super(buildMessage(Locale.US, pattern, arguments), rootCause);
      this.pattern   = pattern;
      this.arguments = (arguments == null) ? new Object[0] : arguments.clone();
    }

    /** Gets the pattern used to build the message of this throwable.
     *
     * @return the pattern used to build the message of this throwable
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public String getPattern() {
        return pattern;
    }

    /** Gets the arguments used to build the message of this throwable.
     *
     * @return the arguments used to build the message of this throwable
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Object[] getArguments() {
        return arguments.clone();
    }

    /** Gets the message in a specified locale.
     *
     * @param locale Locale in which the message should be translated
     * 
     * @return localized message
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public String getMessage(Locale locale) {
        return buildMessage(locale, pattern, arguments);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public String getLocalizedMessage() {
        return getMessage(Locale.getDefault());
    }

    /**
     * Prints the stack trace of this exception to the standard error stream.
     */
    @Override
    public void printStackTrace() {
        printStackTrace(System.err);
    }
    
    /**
     * Prints the stack trace of this exception to the specified stream.
     *
     * @param out  the PrintStream to use for output
     */
    @Override
    public void printStackTrace(PrintStream out) {
        synchronized (out) {
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out, false);
            printStackTrace(pw);
            // Flush the PrintWriter before it's GC'ed.
            pw.flush();
        }
    }

}