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The Apache Commons Math project is a library of lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components addressing the most common practical problems not immediately available in the Java programming language or commons-lang.

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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.math3.genetics;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;


/**
 * Chromosome represented by a vector of 0s and 1s.
 *
 * @since 2.0
 */
public abstract class BinaryChromosome extends AbstractListChromosome {

    /**
     * Constructor.
     * @param representation list of {0,1} values representing the chromosome
     * @throws InvalidRepresentationException iff the representation can not represent a valid chromosome
     */
    public BinaryChromosome(List representation) throws InvalidRepresentationException {
        super(representation);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     * @param representation array of {0,1} values representing the chromosome
     * @throws InvalidRepresentationException iff the representation can not represent a valid chromosome
     */
    public BinaryChromosome(Integer[] representation) throws InvalidRepresentationException {
        super(representation);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    protected void checkValidity(List chromosomeRepresentation) throws InvalidRepresentationException {
        for (int i : chromosomeRepresentation) {
            if (i < 0 || i >1) {
                throw new InvalidRepresentationException(LocalizedFormats.INVALID_BINARY_DIGIT,
                                                         i);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a representation of a random binary array of length length.
     * @param length length of the array
     * @return a random binary array of length length
     */
    public static List randomBinaryRepresentation(int length) {
        // random binary list
        List rList= new ArrayList (length);
        for (int j=0; j




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