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Core sketch algorithms used alone and by other Java repositories in the DataSketches library.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.apache.datasketches.kll;
import static org.apache.datasketches.common.Family.idToFamily;
import static org.apache.datasketches.common.Util.zeroPad;
import static org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchStructure.COMPACT_FULL;
import static org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchStructure.COMPACT_SINGLE;
import static org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchStructure.UPDATABLE;
import static org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchType.DOUBLES_SKETCH;
import static org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchType.FLOATS_SKETCH;
import static org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchType.ITEMS_SKETCH;
import java.util.Objects;
import org.apache.datasketches.common.ArrayOfItemsSerDe;
import org.apache.datasketches.common.Util;
import org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchStructure;
import org.apache.datasketches.kll.KllSketch.SketchType;
import org.apache.datasketches.memory.Memory;
import org.apache.datasketches.memory.WritableMemory;
/**
* This class defines the serialized data structure and provides access methods for the preamble fields.
*
* The intent of the design of this class was to isolate the detailed knowledge of the bit and
* byte layout of the serialized form of the sketches derived from the base sketch classes into one place.
* This allows the possibility of the introduction of different serialization
* schemes with minimal impact on the rest of the library.
*
* Visual Layout
* The low significance bytes of the visual data structure below are on the left.
* The multi-byte primitives are stored in native byte order.
* The numeric byte and short fields are treated as unsigned.
* The numeric int and long fields are treated as signed.
*
* Preamble Formats
* The preamble has four formats:
*
*
* - The serialized empty compact structure requires 8 bytes of preamble. It is not updatable.
* It is identified by the enum SketchStructure.COMPACT_EMPTY.
*
* - The serialized, single-item compact structure requires 8 bytes of preamble, followed by the one item.
* The size of this structure is 8 + itemSize bytes. It is not updatable.
* It is identified by the enum SketchStructure.COMPACT_SINGLE.
*
* - A serialized, n > 1 compact structure requires 20 bytes of preamble (5 ints) followed by
* four variable-sized fields. The details of these fields can be found in the code and are illustrated
* in the table below.
* The 5 int preamble is followed by the levelsArr int[numLevels] as bytes,
* followed by the min and max values as bytes,
* followed by a packed items data array as bytes. There are no empty or garbage slots in this structure.
* It is not updatable.
* It is identified by the enum SketchStructure.COMPACT_FULL.
*
* - A serialized, n > 1 non-compact, updatable structure requires 20 bytes of preamble (5 ints).
* This is followed by the LevelsArr int[NumLevels + 1], followed by the min and max values, and then
* followed by an items data array that may include empty or garbage slots. It is updatable.
* The details of these fields can be found in the code..
* It is identified by the enum SketchStructure.UPDATABLE. This structure may not be implemented by
* some sketches.
*
*
* Visual Layout
* The fields in braces are those that can be variable in size.
*
* {@code
* Serialized COMPACT_EMPTY sketch structure, Empty (8 bytes)
* and COMPACT_SINGLE sketch structure, (single item) (8 + itemSize):
* Int Adr: Byte Adr ->
* 0 || 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
* | PreambleInts | SerVer | FamID | Flags |
*
* 1 || 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
* ||-----------K-----------| M | unused |
*
* 2 || 8 |
* ||{Single Item} ->
*
* Serialized COMPACT_FULL sketch structure, more than one item:
* Int Adr: Byte Adr ->
* 0 || 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
* || PreambleInts | SerVer | FamID | Flags |
*
* 1 || 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
* ||-----------K-----------| M | unused |
*
* 2,3 || 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
* ||-----------------N_LONG-----------------|
*
* 4 || 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
* ||------Min K------------|NumLvls| unused |
*
* 5 || 20 |
* { Levels Array }
* { Min Item }
* { Max Item }
* { Items Array }
*
* Serialization Combinations for SerVer and PreambleInts
* | Sketch Structure | SerVer | PreInts |
* |------------------|----------------|------------------|
* | Compact Empty | Empty/Full (1) | Empty/Single (2) | ReadOnly, 8 byte Preamble, nothing else
* | Compact Single | Single (2) | Empty/Single (2) | ReadOnly, 8 byte Preamble + Single Item
* | Compact Full | Empty/Full (1) | Full (5) | ReadOnly, 20 Byte Preamble, Short LevelsArr, Retained Items
* | Updatable | Updatable (3) | Full (5) | Updatable, 20 Byte Preamble, Full LevelsArr, All Items
* | ERROR | Single (2) | Full (5) |
* | ERROR | Updatable (3) | Empty/Single (2) |
* }
*
* @author Lee Rhodes
*/
final class KllPreambleUtil {
private KllPreambleUtil() {}
static final String LS = System.getProperty("line.separator");
// Preamble byte addresses
static final int PREAMBLE_INTS_BYTE_ADR = 0;
static final int SER_VER_BYTE_ADR = 1;
static final int FAMILY_BYTE_ADR = 2;
static final int FLAGS_BYTE_ADR = 3;
static final int K_SHORT_ADR = 4; // to 5
static final int M_BYTE_ADR = 6;
// 7 is reserved for future use
// SINGLE ITEM ONLY
static final int DATA_START_ADR_SINGLE_ITEM = 8; //also ok for empty
// MULTI-ITEM
static final int N_LONG_ADR = 8; // to 15
static final int MIN_K_SHORT_ADR = 16; // to 17
static final int NUM_LEVELS_BYTE_ADR = 18;
// 19 is reserved for future use
static final int DATA_START_ADR = 20; // Full Sketch, not single item
// Other static members
static final byte SERIAL_VERSION_EMPTY_FULL = 1; // Empty or full preamble, NOT single item format, NOT updatable
static final byte SERIAL_VERSION_SINGLE = 2; // only single-item format, NOT updatable
static final byte SERIAL_VERSION_UPDATABLE = 3; // PreInts=5, Full preamble + LevelsArr + min, max + empty space
static final byte PREAMBLE_INTS_EMPTY_SINGLE = 2; // for empty or single item
static final byte PREAMBLE_INTS_FULL = 5; // Full preamble, not empty nor single item.
static final byte KLL_FAMILY = 15;
// Flag bit masks
static final int EMPTY_BIT_MASK = 1;
static final int LEVEL_ZERO_SORTED_BIT_MASK = 2;
static final int SINGLE_ITEM_BIT_MASK = 4;
/**
* Returns a human readable string summary of the internal state of the given sketch byte array.
* Used primarily in testing.
*
* @param byteArr the given sketch byte array.
* @param includeData if true, includes detail of retained data.
* @return the summary string.
*/
static String toString(final byte[] byteArr, final SketchType sketchType, final boolean includeData) {
final Memory mem = Memory.wrap(byteArr);
return toString(mem, sketchType, includeData, null);
}
/**
* Returns a human readable string summary of the internal state of the given sketch byte array.
* Used primarily in testing.
*
* @param byteArr the given sketch byte array.
* @param includeData if true, includes detail of retained data.
* @param serDe the serialization/deserialization class, required for KllItemsSketch.
* @return the summary string.
*/
static String toString(final byte[] byteArr, final SketchType sketchType, final boolean includeData,
final ArrayOfItemsSerDe serDe) {
final Memory mem = Memory.wrap(byteArr);
return toString(mem, sketchType, includeData, serDe);
}
/**
* Returns a human readable string summary of the internal state of the given Memory.
* Used primarily in testing.
*
* @param mem the given Memory
* @param includeData if true, includes detail of retained data.
* @return the summary string.
*/
static String toString(final Memory mem, final SketchType sketchType, final boolean includeData) {
return toString(mem, sketchType, includeData, null);
}
/**
* Returns a human readable string summary of the internal state of the given Memory.
* Used primarily in testing.
*
* @param mem the given Memory
* @param sketchType the sketch type: FLOATS_SKETCH, DOUBLES_SKETCH, or ITEMS_SKETCH.
* @param includeData if true, includes detail of retained data.
* @param serDe must be supplied for KllItemsSketch, otherwise can be null.
* @return the summary string.
*/
static String toString(final Memory mem, final SketchType sketchType, final boolean includeData,
final ArrayOfItemsSerDe serDe) {
if (sketchType == ITEMS_SKETCH) {
Objects.requireNonNull(serDe, "SerDe parameter must not be null for ITEMS_SKETCH.");
}
final KllMemoryValidate memVal = new KllMemoryValidate(mem, sketchType, serDe);
final SketchStructure myStructure = memVal.sketchStructure;
final int flags = memVal.flags & 0XFF;
final String flagsStr = (flags) + ", 0x" + (Integer.toHexString(flags)) + ", "
+ zeroPad(Integer.toBinaryString(flags), 8);
final int preInts = memVal.preInts; //??
//final boolean updatable = mySketchStructure == UPDATABLE;
final boolean emptyFlag = memVal.emptyFlag;
final int sketchBytes = memVal.sketchBytes;
final int typeBytes = sketchType == DOUBLES_SKETCH ? Double.BYTES : Float.BYTES;
final int familyID = getMemoryFamilyID(mem);
final String famName = idToFamily(familyID).toString();
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Util.LS).append("### KLL SKETCH MEMORY SUMMARY:").append(LS);
sb.append("Sketch Type : ").append(sketchType.toString()).append(LS);
sb.append("SketchStructure : ").append(myStructure.toString()).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 0 : Preamble Ints : ").append(preInts).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 1 : SerVer : ").append(memVal.serVer).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 2 : FamilyID : ").append(memVal.familyID).append(LS);
sb.append(" : FamilyName : ").append(famName).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 3 : Flags Field : ").append(flagsStr).append(LS);
sb.append(" Bit: Flag Name : ").append(LS);
sb.append(" 0: EMPTY : ").append(emptyFlag).append(LS);
sb.append(" 1: LEVEL_ZERO_SORTED : ").append(memVal.level0SortedFlag).append(LS);
sb.append("Bytes 4-5 : K : ").append(memVal.k).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 6 : Min Level Cap, M : ").append(memVal.m).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 7 : (Reserved) : ").append(LS);
final long n = memVal.n;
final int minK = memVal.minK;
final int numLevels = memVal.numLevels;
final int[] levelsArr = memVal.levelsArr; //the full levels array
final int retainedItems = levelsArr[numLevels] - levelsArr[0];
if (myStructure == COMPACT_FULL || myStructure == UPDATABLE) {
sb.append("Bytes 8-15 : N : ").append(n).append(LS);
sb.append("Bytes 16-17 : MinK : ").append(minK).append(LS);
sb.append("Byte 18 : NumLevels : ").append(numLevels).append(LS);
}
else { //COMPACT_EMPTY OR COMPACT_SINGLE
sb.append("Assumed : N : ").append(n).append(LS);
sb.append("Assumed : MinK : ").append(minK).append(LS);
sb.append("Assumed : NumLevels : ").append(numLevels).append(LS);
}
sb.append("PreambleBytes : ").append(preInts * Integer.BYTES).append(LS);
sb.append("Sketch Bytes : ").append(sketchBytes).append(LS);
sb.append("Memory Capacity Bytes : ").append(mem.getCapacity()).append(LS);
sb.append("### END KLL Sketch Memory Summary").append(LS);
if (includeData) {
sb.append(LS);
sb.append("### START KLL DATA:").append(LS);
int offsetBytes = 0;
if (myStructure == UPDATABLE) {
sb.append("LEVELS ARR:").append(LS);
offsetBytes = DATA_START_ADR;
for (int i = 0; i < numLevels + 1; i++) {
sb.append(i + ", " + mem.getInt(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += Integer.BYTES;
}
sb.append("MIN/MAX:").append(LS);
if (sketchType == DOUBLES_SKETCH) {
sb.append(mem.getDouble(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
sb.append(mem.getDouble(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
} else if (sketchType == FLOATS_SKETCH) {
sb.append(mem.getFloat(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
sb.append(mem.getFloat(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
} else { //ITEMS_SKETCH
sb.append("<<>>").append(LS);
}
sb.append("ALL DATA (including empty & garbage data)").append(LS);
final int itemsSpace = (sketchBytes - offsetBytes) / typeBytes;
if (sketchType == DOUBLES_SKETCH) {
for (int i = 0; i < itemsSpace; i++) {
sb.append(i + ", " + mem.getDouble(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
}
} else if (sketchType == FLOATS_SKETCH) {
for (int i = 0; i < itemsSpace; i++) {
sb.append(mem.getFloat(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
}
} else { //ITEMS_SKETCH
sb.append("<<>>").append(LS);
}
} else if (myStructure == COMPACT_FULL) {
sb.append("LEVELS ARR:").append(LS);
offsetBytes = DATA_START_ADR;
int j;
for (j = 0; j < numLevels; j++) {
sb.append(j + ", " + mem.getInt(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += Integer.BYTES;
}
sb.append(j + ", " + levelsArr[numLevels]);
sb.append(" (Top level of Levels Array is absent in Memory)").append(LS);
sb.append("MIN/MAX:").append(LS);
if (sketchType == DOUBLES_SKETCH) {
sb.append(mem.getDouble(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
sb.append(mem.getDouble(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
} else if (sketchType == FLOATS_SKETCH) {
sb.append(mem.getFloat(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
sb.append(mem.getFloat(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
} else { //ITEMS_SKETCH
sb.append(serDe.deserializeFromMemory(mem, offsetBytes, 1)[0]).append(LS);
offsetBytes += serDe.sizeOf(mem, offsetBytes, 1);
sb.append(serDe.deserializeFromMemory(mem, offsetBytes, 1)[0]).append(LS);
offsetBytes += serDe.sizeOf(mem, offsetBytes, 1);
}
sb.append("RETAINED DATA").append(LS);
final int itemSpace = (sketchBytes - offsetBytes) / typeBytes;
if (sketchType == DOUBLES_SKETCH) {
for (int i = 0; i < itemSpace; i++) {
sb.append(i + ", " + mem.getDouble(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
}
} else if (sketchType == FLOATS_SKETCH) {
for (int i = 0; i < itemSpace; i++) {
sb.append(i + ", " + mem.getFloat(offsetBytes)).append(LS);
offsetBytes += typeBytes;
}
} else { //ITEMS_SKETCH
final T[] itemsArr = serDe.deserializeFromMemory(mem, offsetBytes, retainedItems);
for (int i = 0; i < itemsArr.length; i++) {
sb.append(i + ", " + serDe.toString(itemsArr[i])).append(LS);
}
offsetBytes += serDe.sizeOf(mem, offsetBytes, retainedItems);
}
} else if (myStructure == COMPACT_SINGLE) {
sb.append("SINGLE ITEM DATUM: "); //no LS
if (sketchType == DOUBLES_SKETCH) {
sb.append(mem.getDouble(DATA_START_ADR_SINGLE_ITEM)).append(LS);
} else if (sketchType == FLOATS_SKETCH) {
sb.append(mem.getFloat(DATA_START_ADR_SINGLE_ITEM)).append(LS);
} else { //ITEMS_SKETCH
sb.append(serDe.deserializeFromMemory(mem, DATA_START_ADR_SINGLE_ITEM, 1)[0]).append(LS);
}
} else { //COMPACT_EMPTY
sb.append("EMPTY, NO DATA").append(LS);
}
sb.append("### END KLL DATA:").append(LS);
}
return sb.toString();
}
static int getMemoryPreInts(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getByte(PREAMBLE_INTS_BYTE_ADR) & 0XFF;
}
static int getMemorySerVer(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getByte(SER_VER_BYTE_ADR) & 0XFF;
}
static SketchStructure getMemorySketchStructure(final Memory mem) {
final int preInts = getMemoryPreInts(mem);
final int serVer = getMemorySerVer(mem);
final SketchStructure structure = KllSketch.SketchStructure.getSketchStructure(preInts, serVer);
return structure;
}
static int getMemoryFamilyID(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getByte(FAMILY_BYTE_ADR) & 0XFF;
}
static int getMemoryFlags(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getByte(FLAGS_BYTE_ADR) & 0XFF;
}
static boolean getMemoryEmptyFlag(final Memory mem) {
return (getMemoryFlags(mem) & EMPTY_BIT_MASK) != 0;
}
static boolean getMemoryLevelZeroSortedFlag(final Memory mem) {
return (getMemoryFlags(mem) & LEVEL_ZERO_SORTED_BIT_MASK) != 0;
}
static int getMemoryK(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getShort(K_SHORT_ADR) & 0XFFFF;
}
static int getMemoryM(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getByte(M_BYTE_ADR) & 0XFF;
}
static long getMemoryN(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getLong(N_LONG_ADR);
}
static int getMemoryMinK(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getShort(MIN_K_SHORT_ADR) & 0XFFFF;
}
static int getMemoryNumLevels(final Memory mem) {
return mem.getByte(NUM_LEVELS_BYTE_ADR) & 0XFF;
}
static void setMemoryPreInts(final WritableMemory wmem, final int numPreInts) {
wmem.putByte(PREAMBLE_INTS_BYTE_ADR, (byte) numPreInts);
}
static void setMemorySerVer(final WritableMemory wmem, final int serVer) {
wmem.putByte(SER_VER_BYTE_ADR, (byte) serVer);
}
static void setMemoryFamilyID(final WritableMemory wmem, final int famId) {
wmem.putByte(FAMILY_BYTE_ADR, (byte) famId);
}
static void setMemoryFlags(final WritableMemory wmem, final int flags) {
wmem.putByte(FLAGS_BYTE_ADR, (byte) flags);
}
static void setMemoryEmptyFlag(final WritableMemory wmem, final boolean empty) {
final int flags = getMemoryFlags(wmem);
setMemoryFlags(wmem, empty ? flags | EMPTY_BIT_MASK : flags & ~EMPTY_BIT_MASK);
}
static void setMemoryLevelZeroSortedFlag(final WritableMemory wmem, final boolean levelZeroSorted) {
final int flags = getMemoryFlags(wmem);
setMemoryFlags(wmem, levelZeroSorted ? flags | LEVEL_ZERO_SORTED_BIT_MASK : flags & ~LEVEL_ZERO_SORTED_BIT_MASK);
}
static void setMemoryK(final WritableMemory wmem, final int memK) {
wmem.putShort(K_SHORT_ADR, (short) memK);
}
static void setMemoryM(final WritableMemory wmem, final int memM) {
wmem.putByte(M_BYTE_ADR, (byte) memM);
}
static void setMemoryN(final WritableMemory wmem, final long memN) {
wmem.putLong(N_LONG_ADR, memN);
}
static void setMemoryMinK(final WritableMemory wmem, final int memMinK) {
wmem.putShort(MIN_K_SHORT_ADR, (short) memMinK);
}
static void setMemoryNumLevels(final WritableMemory wmem, final int memNumLevels) {
wmem.putByte(NUM_LEVELS_BYTE_ADR, (byte) memNumLevels);
}
}
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