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A module that is everything required to understands Druid Segments
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.druid.query.expression;

import org.apache.druid.java.util.common.granularity.PeriodGranularity;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.Expr;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.ExprEval;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.ExprMacroTable;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.ExpressionType;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.InputBindings;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.vector.CastToTypeVectorProcessor;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.vector.ExprVectorProcessor;
import org.apache.druid.math.expr.vector.LongOutLongInFunctionVectorValueProcessor;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

public class TimestampFloorExprMacro implements ExprMacroTable.ExprMacro
{
  private static final String FN_NAME = "timestamp_floor";

  @Override
  public String name()
  {
    return FN_NAME;
  }

  @Override
  public Expr apply(final List args)
  {
    validationHelperCheckArgumentRange(args, 2, 4);

    if (args.stream().skip(1).allMatch(Expr::isLiteral)) {
      return new TimestampFloorExpr(this, args);
    } else {
      return new TimestampFloorDynamicExpr(this, args);
    }
  }

  private static PeriodGranularity computeGranularity(final List args, final Expr.ObjectBinding bindings)
  {
    return ExprUtils.toPeriodGranularity(
        args.get(1),
        args.size() > 2 ? args.get(2) : null,
        args.size() > 3 ? args.get(3) : null,
        bindings
    );
  }

  public static class TimestampFloorExpr extends ExprMacroTable.BaseScalarMacroFunctionExpr
  {
    private final PeriodGranularity granularity;

    TimestampFloorExpr(final TimestampFloorExprMacro macro, final List args)
    {
      super(macro, args);
      this.granularity = computeGranularity(args, InputBindings.nilBindings());
    }

    /**
     * Exposed for Druid SQL: this is used by Expressions.toQueryGranularity.
     */
    public Expr getArg()
    {
      return args.get(0);
    }

    /**
     * Exposed for Druid SQL: this is used by Expressions.toQueryGranularity.
     */
    public PeriodGranularity getGranularity()
    {
      return granularity;
    }

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    public ExprEval eval(final ObjectBinding bindings)
    {
      ExprEval eval = args.get(0).eval(bindings);
      if (eval.isNumericNull()) {
        // Return null if the argument if null.
        return ExprEval.of(null);
      }
      return ExprEval.of(granularity.bucketStart(eval.asLong()));
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public ExpressionType getOutputType(InputBindingInspector inspector)
    {
      return ExpressionType.LONG;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean canVectorize(InputBindingInspector inspector)
    {
      return args.get(0).canVectorize(inspector);
    }

    @Override
    public  ExprVectorProcessor asVectorProcessor(VectorInputBindingInspector inspector)
    {
      ExprVectorProcessor processor;
      processor = new LongOutLongInFunctionVectorValueProcessor(
          CastToTypeVectorProcessor.cast(args.get(0).asVectorProcessor(inspector), ExpressionType.LONG),
          inspector.getMaxVectorSize()
      )
      {
        @Override
        public long apply(long input)
        {
          return granularity.bucketStart(input);
        }
      };

      return (ExprVectorProcessor) processor;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o)
    {
      if (this == o) {
        return true;
      }
      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
        return false;
      }
      if (!super.equals(o)) {
        return false;
      }
      TimestampFloorExpr that = (TimestampFloorExpr) o;
      return Objects.equals(granularity, that.granularity);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
      return Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), granularity);
    }
  }

  public static class TimestampFloorDynamicExpr extends ExprMacroTable.BaseScalarMacroFunctionExpr
  {
    TimestampFloorDynamicExpr(final TimestampFloorExprMacro macro, final List args)
    {
      super(macro, args);
    }

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    public ExprEval eval(final ObjectBinding bindings)
    {
      final PeriodGranularity granularity = computeGranularity(args, bindings);
      return ExprEval.of(granularity.bucketStart(args.get(0).eval(bindings).asLong()));
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public ExpressionType getOutputType(InputBindingInspector inspector)
    {
      return ExpressionType.LONG;
    }
  }
}