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/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.io;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile.CompressionType;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Options;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Progressable;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.bloom.DynamicBloomFilter;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.bloom.Filter;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.bloom.Key;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.hash.Hash;
/**
* This class extends {@link MapFile} and provides very much the same
* functionality. However, it uses dynamic Bloom filters to provide
* quick membership test for keys, and it offers a fast version of
* {@link Reader#get(WritableComparable, Writable)} operation, especially in
* case of sparsely populated MapFile-s.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Stable
public class BloomMapFile {
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(BloomMapFile.class);
public static final String BLOOM_FILE_NAME = "bloom";
public static final int HASH_COUNT = 5;
public static void delete(FileSystem fs, String name) throws IOException {
Path dir = new Path(name);
Path data = new Path(dir, MapFile.DATA_FILE_NAME);
Path index = new Path(dir, MapFile.INDEX_FILE_NAME);
Path bloom = new Path(dir, BLOOM_FILE_NAME);
fs.delete(data, true);
fs.delete(index, true);
fs.delete(bloom, true);
fs.delete(dir, true);
}
private static byte[] byteArrayForBloomKey(DataOutputBuffer buf) {
int cleanLength = buf.getLength();
byte [] ba = buf.getData();
if (cleanLength != ba.length) {
ba = new byte[cleanLength];
System.arraycopy(buf.getData(), 0, ba, 0, cleanLength);
}
return ba;
}
public static class Writer extends MapFile.Writer {
private DynamicBloomFilter bloomFilter;
private int numKeys;
private int vectorSize;
private Key bloomKey = new Key();
private DataOutputBuffer buf = new DataOutputBuffer();
private FileSystem fs;
private Path dir;
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
Class keyClass,
Class valClass, CompressionType compress,
CompressionCodec codec, Progressable progress) throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass),
compression(compress, codec), progressable(progress));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
Class keyClass,
Class valClass, CompressionType compress,
Progressable progress) throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass),
compression(compress), progressable(progress));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
Class keyClass,
Class valClass, CompressionType compress)
throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass),
compression(compress));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass,
CompressionType compress, CompressionCodec codec, Progressable progress)
throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
valueClass(valClass), compression(compress, codec),
progressable(progress));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass,
CompressionType compress, Progressable progress) throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
valueClass(valClass), compression(compress),
progressable(progress));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass, CompressionType compress)
throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
valueClass(valClass), compression(compress));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
WritableComparator comparator, Class valClass) throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), comparator(comparator),
valueClass(valClass));
}
@Deprecated
public Writer(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, String dirName,
Class keyClass,
Class valClass) throws IOException {
this(conf, new Path(dirName), keyClass(keyClass), valueClass(valClass));
}
public Writer(Configuration conf, Path dir,
SequenceFile.Writer.Option... options) throws IOException {
super(conf, dir, options);
this.fs = dir.getFileSystem(conf);
this.dir = dir;
initBloomFilter(conf);
}
private synchronized void initBloomFilter(Configuration conf) {
numKeys = conf.getInt("io.mapfile.bloom.size", 1024 * 1024);
// vector size should be -kn / (ln(1 - c^(1/k))) bits for
// single key, where is the number of hash functions,
// n is the number of keys and c is the desired
// max. error rate.
// Our desired error rate is by default 0.005, i.e. 0.5%
float errorRate = conf.getFloat("io.mapfile.bloom.error.rate", 0.005f);
vectorSize = (int)Math.ceil((double)(-HASH_COUNT * numKeys) /
Math.log(1.0 - Math.pow(errorRate, 1.0/HASH_COUNT)));
bloomFilter = new DynamicBloomFilter(vectorSize, HASH_COUNT,
Hash.getHashType(conf), numKeys);
}
@Override
public synchronized void append(WritableComparable key, Writable val)
throws IOException {
super.append(key, val);
buf.reset();
key.write(buf);
bloomKey.set(byteArrayForBloomKey(buf), 1.0);
bloomFilter.add(bloomKey);
}
@Override
public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
super.close();
DataOutputStream out = fs.create(new Path(dir, BLOOM_FILE_NAME), true);
bloomFilter.write(out);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
public static class Reader extends MapFile.Reader {
private DynamicBloomFilter bloomFilter;
private DataOutputBuffer buf = new DataOutputBuffer();
private Key bloomKey = new Key();
public Reader(Path dir, Configuration conf,
SequenceFile.Reader.Option... options) throws IOException {
super(dir, conf, options);
initBloomFilter(dir, conf);
}
@Deprecated
public Reader(FileSystem fs, String dirName, Configuration conf)
throws IOException {
this(new Path(dirName), conf);
}
@Deprecated
public Reader(FileSystem fs, String dirName, WritableComparator comparator,
Configuration conf, boolean open) throws IOException {
this(new Path(dirName), conf, comparator(comparator));
}
@Deprecated
public Reader(FileSystem fs, String dirName, WritableComparator comparator,
Configuration conf) throws IOException {
this(new Path(dirName), conf, comparator(comparator));
}
private void initBloomFilter(Path dirName,
Configuration conf) {
try {
FileSystem fs = dirName.getFileSystem(conf);
DataInputStream in = fs.open(new Path(dirName, BLOOM_FILE_NAME));
bloomFilter = new DynamicBloomFilter();
bloomFilter.readFields(in);
in.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
LOG.warn("Can't open BloomFilter: " + ioe + " - fallback to MapFile.");
bloomFilter = null;
}
}
/**
* Checks if this MapFile has the indicated key. The membership test is
* performed using a Bloom filter, so the result has always non-zero
* probability of false positives.
* @param key key to check
* @return false iff key doesn't exist, true if key probably exists.
* @throws IOException
*/
public boolean probablyHasKey(WritableComparable key) throws IOException {
if (bloomFilter == null) {
return true;
}
buf.reset();
key.write(buf);
bloomKey.set(byteArrayForBloomKey(buf), 1.0);
return bloomFilter.membershipTest(bloomKey);
}
/**
* Fast version of the
* {@link MapFile.Reader#get(WritableComparable, Writable)} method. First
* it checks the Bloom filter for the existence of the key, and only if
* present it performs the real get operation. This yields significant
* performance improvements for get operations on sparsely populated files.
*/
@Override
public synchronized Writable get(WritableComparable key, Writable val)
throws IOException {
if (!probablyHasKey(key)) {
return null;
}
return super.get(key, val);
}
/**
* Retrieve the Bloom filter used by this instance of the Reader.
* @return a Bloom filter (see {@link Filter})
*/
public Filter getBloomFilter() {
return bloomFilter;
}
}
}