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/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.fs.shell;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.PathNotFoundException;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.RemoteIterator;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* An abstract class for the execution of a file system command
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Private
@InterfaceStability.Evolving
abstract public class Command extends Configured {
/** field name indicating the default name of the command */
public static final String COMMAND_NAME_FIELD = "NAME";
/** field name indicating the command's usage switches and arguments format */
public static final String COMMAND_USAGE_FIELD = "USAGE";
/** field name indicating the command's long description */
public static final String COMMAND_DESCRIPTION_FIELD = "DESCRIPTION";
protected String[] args;
protected String name;
protected int exitCode = 0;
protected int numErrors = 0;
protected boolean recursive = false;
private int depth = 0;
protected ArrayList exceptions = new ArrayList();
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Command.class);
/** allows stdout to be captured if necessary */
public PrintStream out = System.out;
/** allows stderr to be captured if necessary */
public PrintStream err = System.err;
/** allows the command factory to be used if necessary */
private CommandFactory commandFactory = null;
/** Constructor */
protected Command() {
out = System.out;
err = System.err;
}
/** Constructor */
protected Command(Configuration conf) {
super(conf);
}
/** @return the command's name excluding the leading character - */
abstract public String getCommandName();
protected void setRecursive(boolean flag) {
recursive = flag;
}
protected boolean isRecursive() {
return recursive;
}
protected int getDepth() {
return depth;
}
/**
* Execute the command on the input path
*
* @param path the input path
* @throws IOException if any error occurs
*/
abstract protected void run(Path path) throws IOException;
/**
* Execute the command on the input path data. Commands can override to make
* use of the resolved filesystem.
* @param pathData The input path with resolved filesystem
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void run(PathData pathData) throws IOException {
run(pathData.path);
}
/**
* For each source path, execute the command
*
* @return 0 if it runs successfully; -1 if it fails
*/
public int runAll() {
int exitCode = 0;
for (String src : args) {
try {
PathData[] srcs = PathData.expandAsGlob(src, getConf());
for (PathData s : srcs) {
run(s);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
exitCode = -1;
displayError(e);
}
}
return exitCode;
}
/** sets the command factory for later use */
public void setCommandFactory(CommandFactory factory) {
this.commandFactory = factory;
}
/** retrieves the command factory */
protected CommandFactory getCommandFactory() {
return this.commandFactory;
}
/**
* Invokes the command handler. The default behavior is to process options,
* expand arguments, and then process each argument.
*
* Most commands will chose to implement just
* {@link #processOptions(LinkedList)} and {@link #processPath(PathData)}
*
* @param argv the list of command line arguments
* @return the exit code for the command
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if called with invalid arguments
*/
public int run(String...argv) {
LinkedList args = new LinkedList(Arrays.asList(argv));
try {
if (isDeprecated()) {
displayWarning(
"DEPRECATED: Please use '"+ getReplacementCommand() + "' instead.");
}
processOptions(args);
processRawArguments(args);
} catch (CommandInterruptException e) {
displayError("Interrupted");
return 130;
} catch (IOException e) {
displayError(e);
}
return (numErrors == 0) ? exitCode : exitCodeForError();
}
/**
* The exit code to be returned if any errors occur during execution.
* This method is needed to account for the inconsistency in the exit
* codes returned by various commands.
* @return a non-zero exit code
*/
protected int exitCodeForError() { return 1; }
/**
* Must be implemented by commands to process the command line flags and
* check the bounds of the remaining arguments. If an
* IllegalArgumentException is thrown, the FsShell object will print the
* short usage of the command.
* @param args the command line arguments
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void processOptions(LinkedList args) throws IOException {}
/**
* Allows commands that don't use paths to handle the raw arguments.
* Default behavior is to expand the arguments via
* {@link #expandArguments(LinkedList)} and pass the resulting list to
* {@link #processArguments(LinkedList)}
* @param args the list of argument strings
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void processRawArguments(LinkedList args)
throws IOException {
processArguments(expandArguments(args));
}
/**
* Expands a list of arguments into {@link PathData} objects. The default
* behavior is to call {@link #expandArgument(String)} on each element
* which by default globs the argument. The loop catches IOExceptions,
* increments the error count, and displays the exception.
* @param args strings to expand into {@link PathData} objects
* @return list of all {@link PathData} objects the arguments
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected LinkedList expandArguments(LinkedList args)
throws IOException {
LinkedList expandedArgs = new LinkedList();
for (String arg : args) {
try {
expandedArgs.addAll(expandArgument(arg));
} catch (IOException e) { // other exceptions are probably nasty
displayError(e);
}
}
return expandedArgs;
}
/**
* Expand the given argument into a list of {@link PathData} objects.
* The default behavior is to expand globs. Commands may override to
* perform other expansions on an argument.
* @param arg string pattern to expand
* @return list of {@link PathData} objects
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected List expandArgument(String arg) throws IOException {
PathData[] items = PathData.expandAsGlob(arg, getConf());
if (items.length == 0) {
// it's a glob that failed to match
throw new PathNotFoundException(arg);
}
return Arrays.asList(items);
}
/**
* Processes the command's list of expanded arguments.
* {@link #processArgument(PathData)} will be invoked with each item
* in the list. The loop catches IOExceptions, increments the error
* count, and displays the exception.
* @param args a list of {@link PathData} to process
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void processArguments(LinkedList args)
throws IOException {
for (PathData arg : args) {
try {
processArgument(arg);
} catch (IOException e) {
displayError(e);
}
}
}
/**
* Processes a {@link PathData} item, calling
* {@link #processPathArgument(PathData)} or
* {@link #processNonexistentPath(PathData)} on each item.
* @param item {@link PathData} item to process
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void processArgument(PathData item) throws IOException {
if (item.exists) {
processPathArgument(item);
} else {
processNonexistentPath(item);
}
}
/**
* This is the last chance to modify an argument before going into the
* (possibly) recursive {@link #processPaths(PathData, PathData...)}
* {@literal ->} {@link #processPath(PathData)} loop. Ex. ls and du use
* this to expand out directories.
* @param item a {@link PathData} representing a path which exists
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void processPathArgument(PathData item) throws IOException {
// null indicates that the call is not via recursion, ie. there is
// no parent directory that was expanded
depth = 0;
processPaths(null, item);
}
/**
* Provides a hook for handling paths that don't exist. By default it
* will throw an exception. Primarily overriden by commands that create
* paths such as mkdir or touch.
* @param item the {@link PathData} that doesn't exist
* @throws FileNotFoundException if arg is a path and it doesn't exist
* @throws IOException if anything else goes wrong...
*/
protected void processNonexistentPath(PathData item) throws IOException {
throw new PathNotFoundException(item.toString());
}
/**
* Iterates over the given expanded paths and invokes
* {@link #processPath(PathData)} on each element. If "recursive" is true,
* will do a post-visit DFS on directories.
* @param parent if called via a recurse, will be the parent dir, else null
* @param items a list of {@link PathData} objects to process
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void processPaths(PathData parent, PathData ... items)
throws IOException {
for (PathData item : items) {
try {
processPathInternal(item);
} catch (IOException e) {
displayError(e);
}
}
}
/**
* Iterates over the given expanded paths and invokes
* {@link #processPath(PathData)} on each element. If "recursive" is true,
* will do a post-visit DFS on directories.
* @param parent if called via a recurse, will be the parent dir, else null
* @param itemsIterator a iterator of {@link PathData} objects to process
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void processPaths(PathData parent,
RemoteIterator itemsIterator) throws IOException {
int groupSize = getListingGroupSize();
if (groupSize == 0) {
// No grouping of contents required.
while (itemsIterator.hasNext()) {
processPaths(parent, itemsIterator.next());
}
} else {
List items = new ArrayList(groupSize);
while (itemsIterator.hasNext()) {
items.add(itemsIterator.next());
if (!itemsIterator.hasNext() || items.size() == groupSize) {
processPaths(parent, items.toArray(new PathData[items.size()]));
items.clear();
}
}
}
}
private void processPathInternal(PathData item) throws IOException {
processPath(item);
if (recursive && isPathRecursable(item)) {
recursePath(item);
}
postProcessPath(item);
}
/**
* Whether the directory listing for a path should be sorted.?
* @return true/false.
*/
protected boolean isSorted() {
return false;
}
/**
* While using iterator method for listing for a path, whether to group items
* and process as array? If so what is the size of array?
* @return size of the grouping array.
*/
protected int getListingGroupSize() {
return 0;
}
/**
* Determines whether a {@link PathData} item is recursable. Default
* implementation is to recurse directories but can be overridden to recurse
* through symbolic links.
*
* @param item
* a {@link PathData} object
* @return true if the item is recursable, false otherwise
* @throws IOException
* if anything goes wrong in the user-implementation
*/
protected boolean isPathRecursable(PathData item) throws IOException {
return item.stat.isDirectory();
}
/**
* Hook for commands to implement an operation to be applied on each
* path for the command. Note implementation of this method is optional
* if earlier methods in the chain handle the operation.
* @param item a {@link PathData} object
* @throws RuntimeException if invoked but not implemented
* @throws IOException if anything else goes wrong in the user-implementation
*/
protected void processPath(PathData item) throws IOException {
throw new RuntimeException("processPath() is not implemented");
}
/**
* Hook for commands to implement an operation to be applied on each
* path for the command after being processed successfully
* @param item a {@link PathData} object
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void postProcessPath(PathData item) throws IOException {
}
/**
* Gets the directory listing for a path and invokes
* {@link #processPaths(PathData, PathData...)}
* @param item {@link PathData} for directory to recurse into
* @throws IOException if anything goes wrong...
*/
protected void recursePath(PathData item) throws IOException {
try {
depth++;
if (isSorted()) {
// use the non-iterative method for listing because explicit sorting is
// required. Iterators not guaranteed to return sorted elements
processPaths(item, item.getDirectoryContents());
} else {
processPaths(item, item.getDirectoryContentsIterator());
}
} finally {
depth--;
}
}
/**
* Display an exception prefaced with the command name. Also increments
* the error count for the command which will result in a non-zero exit
* code.
* @param e exception to display
*/
public void displayError(Exception e) {
// build up a list of exceptions that occurred
exceptions.add(e);
// use runtime so it rips up through the stack and exits out
if (e instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
throw new CommandInterruptException();
}
LOG.debug("{} failure", getName(), e);
String errorMessage = e.getLocalizedMessage();
if (errorMessage == null) {
// this is an unexpected condition, so dump the whole exception since
// it's probably a nasty internal error where the backtrace would be
// useful
errorMessage = StringUtils.stringifyException(e);
LOG.debug(errorMessage);
} else {
errorMessage = errorMessage.split("\n", 2)[0];
}
displayError(errorMessage);
}
/**
* Display an error string prefaced with the command name. Also increments
* the error count for the command which will result in a non-zero exit
* code.
* @param message error message to display
*/
public void displayError(String message) {
numErrors++;
displayWarning(message);
}
/**
* Display an warning string prefaced with the command name.
* @param message warning message to display
*/
public void displayWarning(String message) {
err.println(getName() + ": " + message);
}
/**
* The name of the command. Will first try to use the assigned name
* else fallback to the command's preferred name
* @return name of the command
*/
public String getName() {
return (name == null)
? getCommandField(COMMAND_NAME_FIELD)
: name.startsWith("-") ? name.substring(1) : name;
}
/**
* Define the name of the command.
* @param name as invoked
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* The short usage suitable for the synopsis
* @return "name options"
*/
public String getUsage() {
String cmd = "-" + getName();
String usage = isDeprecated() ? "" : getCommandField(COMMAND_USAGE_FIELD);
return usage.isEmpty() ? cmd : cmd + " " + usage;
}
/**
* The long usage suitable for help output
* @return text of the usage
*/
public String getDescription() {
return isDeprecated()
? "(DEPRECATED) Same as '" + getReplacementCommand() + "'"
: getCommandField(COMMAND_DESCRIPTION_FIELD);
}
/**
* Is the command deprecated?
* @return boolean
*/
public final boolean isDeprecated() {
return (getReplacementCommand() != null);
}
/**
* The replacement for a deprecated command
* @return null if not deprecated, else alternative command
*/
public String getReplacementCommand() {
return null;
}
/**
* Get a public static class field
* @param field the field to retrieve
* @return String of the field
*/
private String getCommandField(String field) {
String value;
try {
Field f = this.getClass().getDeclaredField(field);
f.setAccessible(true);
value = f.get(this).toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"failed to get " + this.getClass().getSimpleName()+"."+field, e);
}
return value;
}
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
static class CommandInterruptException extends RuntimeException {}
}
