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/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.security;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.apache.hadoop.tracing.TraceScope;
import org.apache.hadoop.tracing.Tracer;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.VisibleForTesting;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.base.Ticker;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.Cache;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
import org.apache.hadoop.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import org.apache.hadoop.HadoopIllegalArgumentException;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience.Private;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.CommonConfigurationKeys;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Timer;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* A user-to-groups mapping service.
*
* {@link Groups} allows for server to get the various group memberships
* of a given user via the {@link #getGroups(String)} call, thus ensuring
* a consistent user-to-groups mapping and protects against vagaries of
* different mappings on servers and clients in a Hadoop cluster.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.LimitedPrivate({"HDFS", "MapReduce"})
@InterfaceStability.Evolving
public class Groups {
@VisibleForTesting
static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Groups.class);
private final GroupMappingServiceProvider impl;
private final LoadingCache> cache;
private final AtomicReference>> staticMapRef =
new AtomicReference<>();
private final long cacheTimeout;
private final long negativeCacheTimeout;
private final long warningDeltaMs;
private final Timer timer;
private Set negativeCache;
private final boolean reloadGroupsInBackground;
private final int reloadGroupsThreadCount;
private final AtomicLong backgroundRefreshSuccess =
new AtomicLong(0);
private final AtomicLong backgroundRefreshException =
new AtomicLong(0);
private final AtomicLong backgroundRefreshQueued =
new AtomicLong(0);
private final AtomicLong backgroundRefreshRunning =
new AtomicLong(0);
public Groups(Configuration conf) {
this(conf, new Timer());
}
public Groups(Configuration conf, final Timer timer) {
impl = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(
conf.getClass(CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUP_MAPPING,
JniBasedUnixGroupsMappingWithFallback.class,
GroupMappingServiceProvider.class),
conf);
cacheTimeout =
conf.getLong(CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_SECS,
CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_SECS_DEFAULT) * 1000;
negativeCacheTimeout =
conf.getLong(CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_NEGATIVE_CACHE_SECS,
CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_NEGATIVE_CACHE_SECS_DEFAULT) * 1000;
warningDeltaMs =
conf.getLong(CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_WARN_AFTER_MS,
CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_WARN_AFTER_MS_DEFAULT);
reloadGroupsInBackground =
conf.getBoolean(
CommonConfigurationKeys.
HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_BACKGROUND_RELOAD,
CommonConfigurationKeys.
HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_BACKGROUND_RELOAD_DEFAULT);
reloadGroupsThreadCount =
conf.getInt(
CommonConfigurationKeys.
HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_BACKGROUND_RELOAD_THREADS,
CommonConfigurationKeys.
HADOOP_SECURITY_GROUPS_CACHE_BACKGROUND_RELOAD_THREADS_DEFAULT);
parseStaticMapping(conf);
this.timer = timer;
this.cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.refreshAfterWrite(cacheTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.ticker(new TimerToTickerAdapter(timer))
.expireAfterWrite(10 * cacheTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.build(new GroupCacheLoader());
if(negativeCacheTimeout > 0) {
Cache tempMap = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(negativeCacheTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.ticker(new TimerToTickerAdapter(timer))
.build();
negativeCache = Collections.newSetFromMap(tempMap.asMap());
}
if(LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug("Group mapping impl=" + impl.getClass().getName() +
"; cacheTimeout=" + cacheTimeout + "; warningDeltaMs=" +
warningDeltaMs);
}
@VisibleForTesting
Set getNegativeCache() {
return negativeCache;
}
/*
* Parse the hadoop.user.group.static.mapping.overrides configuration to
* staticUserToGroupsMap
*/
private void parseStaticMapping(Configuration conf) {
String staticMapping = conf.get(
CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_USER_GROUP_STATIC_OVERRIDES,
CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_USER_GROUP_STATIC_OVERRIDES_DEFAULT);
Collection mappings = StringUtils.getStringCollection(
staticMapping, ";");
Map> staticUserToGroupsMap = new HashMap<>();
for (String users : mappings) {
Collection userToGroups = StringUtils.getStringCollection(users,
"=");
if (userToGroups.size() < 1 || userToGroups.size() > 2) {
throw new HadoopIllegalArgumentException("Configuration "
+ CommonConfigurationKeys.HADOOP_USER_GROUP_STATIC_OVERRIDES
+ " is invalid");
}
String[] userToGroupsArray = userToGroups.toArray(new String[userToGroups
.size()]);
String user = userToGroupsArray[0];
Set groups = Collections.emptySet();
if (userToGroupsArray.length == 2) {
groups = new LinkedHashSet(StringUtils
.getStringCollection(userToGroupsArray[1]));
}
staticUserToGroupsMap.put(user, groups);
}
staticMapRef.set(
staticUserToGroupsMap.isEmpty() ? null : staticUserToGroupsMap);
}
private boolean isNegativeCacheEnabled() {
return negativeCacheTimeout > 0;
}
private IOException noGroupsForUser(String user) {
return new IOException("No groups found for user " + user);
}
/**
* Get the group memberships of a given user.
* If the user's group is not cached, this method may block.
* Note this method can be expensive as it involves Set {@literal ->} List
* conversion. For user with large group membership
* (i.e., {@literal >} 1000 groups), we recommend using getGroupSet
* to avoid the conversion and fast membership look up via contains().
* @param user User's name
* @return the group memberships of the user as list
* @throws IOException if user does not exist
* @deprecated Use {@link #getGroupsSet(String user)} instead.
*/
@Deprecated
public List getGroups(final String user) throws IOException {
return Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(
getGroupInternal(user)));
}
/**
* Get the group memberships of a given user.
* If the user's group is not cached, this method may block.
* This provide better performance when user has large group membership via
*
* 1) avoid {@literal set->list->set} conversion for the caller
* UGI/PermissionCheck
* 2) fast lookup using contains() via Set instead of List
* @param user User's name
* @return the group memberships of the user as set
* @throws IOException if user does not exist
*/
public Set getGroupsSet(final String user) throws IOException {
return Collections.unmodifiableSet(getGroupInternal(user));
}
/**
* Get the group memberships of a given user.
* If the user's group is not cached, this method may block.
* @param user User's name
* @return the group memberships of the user as Set
* @throws IOException if user does not exist
*/
private Set getGroupInternal(final String user) throws IOException {
// No need to lookup for groups of static users
Map> staticUserToGroupsMap = staticMapRef.get();
if (staticUserToGroupsMap != null) {
Set staticMapping = staticUserToGroupsMap.get(user);
if (staticMapping != null) {
return staticMapping;
}
}
// Check the negative cache first
if (isNegativeCacheEnabled()) {
if (negativeCache.contains(user)) {
throw noGroupsForUser(user);
}
}
try {
return cache.get(user);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw (IOException)e.getCause();
}
}
public long getBackgroundRefreshSuccess() {
return backgroundRefreshSuccess.get();
}
public long getBackgroundRefreshException() {
return backgroundRefreshException.get();
}
public long getBackgroundRefreshQueued() {
return backgroundRefreshQueued.get();
}
public long getBackgroundRefreshRunning() {
return backgroundRefreshRunning.get();
}
/**
* Convert millisecond times from hadoop's timer to guava's nanosecond ticker.
*/
private static class TimerToTickerAdapter extends Ticker {
private Timer timer;
public TimerToTickerAdapter(Timer timer) {
this.timer = timer;
}
@Override
public long read() {
final long NANOSECONDS_PER_MS = 1000000;
return timer.monotonicNow() * NANOSECONDS_PER_MS;
}
}
/**
* Deals with loading data into the cache.
*/
private class GroupCacheLoader extends CacheLoader> {
private ListeningExecutorService executorService;
GroupCacheLoader() {
if (reloadGroupsInBackground) {
ThreadFactory threadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("Group-Cache-Reload")
.setDaemon(true)
.build();
// With coreThreadCount == maxThreadCount we effectively
// create a fixed size thread pool. As allowCoreThreadTimeOut
// has been set, all threads will die after 60 seconds of non use
ThreadPoolExecutor parentExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
reloadGroupsThreadCount,
reloadGroupsThreadCount,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),
threadFactory);
parentExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
executorService = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(parentExecutor);
}
}
/**
* This method will block if a cache entry doesn't exist, and
* any subsequent requests for the same user will wait on this
* request to return. If a user already exists in the cache,
* and when the key expires, the first call to reload the key
* will block, but subsequent requests will return the old
* value until the blocking thread returns.
* If reloadGroupsInBackground is true, then the thread that
* needs to refresh an expired key will not block either. Instead
* it will return the old cache value and schedule a background
* refresh
* @param user key of cache
* @return List of groups belonging to user
* @throws IOException to prevent caching negative entries
*/
@Override
public Set load(String user) throws Exception {
LOG.debug("GroupCacheLoader - load.");
TraceScope scope = null;
Tracer tracer = Tracer.curThreadTracer();
if (tracer != null) {
scope = tracer.newScope("Groups#fetchGroupList");
scope.addKVAnnotation("user", user);
}
Set groups = null;
try {
groups = fetchGroupSet(user);
} finally {
if (scope != null) {
scope.close();
}
}
if (groups.isEmpty()) {
if (isNegativeCacheEnabled()) {
negativeCache.add(user);
}
// We throw here to prevent Cache from retaining an empty group
throw noGroupsForUser(user);
}
return groups;
}
/**
* Override the reload method to provide an asynchronous implementation. If
* reloadGroupsInBackground is false, then this method defers to the super
* implementation, otherwise is arranges for the cache to be updated later
*/
@Override
public ListenableFuture> reload(final String key,
Set oldValue)
throws Exception {
LOG.debug("GroupCacheLoader - reload (async).");
if (!reloadGroupsInBackground) {
return super.reload(key, oldValue);
}
backgroundRefreshQueued.incrementAndGet();
ListenableFuture> listenableFuture =
executorService.submit(() -> {
backgroundRefreshQueued.decrementAndGet();
backgroundRefreshRunning.incrementAndGet();
Set results = load(key);
return results;
});
Futures.addCallback(listenableFuture, new FutureCallback>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Set result) {
backgroundRefreshSuccess.incrementAndGet();
backgroundRefreshRunning.decrementAndGet();
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
backgroundRefreshException.incrementAndGet();
backgroundRefreshRunning.decrementAndGet();
}
}, MoreExecutors.directExecutor());
return listenableFuture;
}
/**
* Queries impl for groups belonging to the user.
* This could involve I/O and take awhile.
*/
private Set fetchGroupSet(String user) throws IOException {
long startMs = timer.monotonicNow();
Set groups = impl.getGroupsSet(user);
long endMs = timer.monotonicNow();
long deltaMs = endMs - startMs ;
UserGroupInformation.metrics.addGetGroups(deltaMs);
if (deltaMs > warningDeltaMs) {
LOG.warn("Potential performance problem: getGroups(user=" + user +") " +
"took " + deltaMs + " milliseconds.");
}
return groups;
}
}
/**
* Refresh all user-to-groups mappings.
*/
public void refresh() {
LOG.info("clearing userToGroupsMap cache");
try {
impl.cacheGroupsRefresh();
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.warn("Error refreshing groups cache", e);
}
cache.invalidateAll();
if(isNegativeCacheEnabled()) {
negativeCache.clear();
}
}
/**
* Add groups to cache
*
* @param groups list of groups to add to cache
*/
public void cacheGroupsAdd(List groups) {
try {
impl.cacheGroupsAdd(groups);
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.warn("Error caching groups", e);
}
}
private static Groups GROUPS = null;
/**
* Get the groups being used to map user-to-groups.
* @return the groups being used to map user-to-groups.
*/
public static Groups getUserToGroupsMappingService() {
return getUserToGroupsMappingService(new Configuration());
}
/**
* Get the groups being used to map user-to-groups.
* @param conf configuration.
* @return the groups being used to map user-to-groups.
*/
public static synchronized Groups getUserToGroupsMappingService(
Configuration conf) {
if(GROUPS == null) {
if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug(" Creating new Groups object");
}
GROUPS = new Groups(conf);
}
return GROUPS;
}
/**
* Create new groups used to map user-to-groups with loaded configuration.
* @param conf configuration.
* @return the groups being used to map user-to-groups.
*/
@Private
public static synchronized Groups
getUserToGroupsMappingServiceWithLoadedConfiguration(
Configuration conf) {
GROUPS = new Groups(conf);
return GROUPS;
}
@VisibleForTesting
public static void reset() {
GROUPS = null;
}
}
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