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/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha;
import static org.apache.hadoop.util.Time.monotonicNow;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.ha.ServiceFailedException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.HAUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.CheckpointConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.CheckpointFaultInjector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NNStorage.NameNodeFile;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SaveNamespaceCancelledException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.TransferFsImage;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.Canceler;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.MultipleIOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.SecurityUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Thread which runs inside the NN when it's in Standby state,
* periodically waking up to take a checkpoint of the namespace.
* When it takes a checkpoint, it saves it to its local
* storage and then uploads it to the remote NameNode.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Private
public class StandbyCheckpointer {
private static final Logger LOG =
LoggerFactory.getLogger(StandbyCheckpointer.class);
private static final long PREVENT_AFTER_CANCEL_MS = 2*60*1000L;
private final CheckpointConf checkpointConf;
private final Configuration conf;
private final FSNamesystem namesystem;
private long lastCheckpointTime;
private final CheckpointerThread thread;
private final ThreadFactory uploadThreadFactory;
private List activeNNAddresses;
private URL myNNAddress;
private final Object cancelLock = new Object();
private Canceler canceler;
// Keep track of how many checkpoints were canceled.
// This is for use in tests.
private static int canceledCount = 0;
// A map from NN url to the most recent image upload time.
private final HashMap checkpointReceivers;
public StandbyCheckpointer(Configuration conf, FSNamesystem ns)
throws IOException {
this.namesystem = ns;
this.conf = conf;
this.checkpointConf = new CheckpointConf(conf);
this.thread = new CheckpointerThread();
this.uploadThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true)
.setNameFormat("TransferFsImageUpload-%d").build();
setNameNodeAddresses(conf);
this.checkpointReceivers = new HashMap<>();
for (URL address : activeNNAddresses) {
this.checkpointReceivers.put(address.toString(),
new CheckpointReceiverEntry());
}
}
private static final class CheckpointReceiverEntry {
private long lastUploadTime;
private boolean isPrimary;
CheckpointReceiverEntry() {
this.lastUploadTime = 0L;
this.isPrimary = true;
}
void setLastUploadTime(long lastUploadTime) {
this.lastUploadTime = lastUploadTime;
}
void setIsPrimary(boolean isPrimaryFor) {
this.isPrimary = isPrimaryFor;
}
long getLastUploadTime() {
return lastUploadTime;
}
boolean isPrimary() {
return isPrimary;
}
}
/**
* Determine the address of the NN we are checkpointing
* as well as our own HTTP address from the configuration.
* @throws IOException
*/
private void setNameNodeAddresses(Configuration conf) throws IOException {
// Look up our own address.
myNNAddress = getHttpAddress(conf);
// Look up the active node's address
List confForActive = HAUtil.getConfForOtherNodes(conf);
activeNNAddresses = new ArrayList(confForActive.size());
for (Configuration activeConf : confForActive) {
URL activeNNAddress = getHttpAddress(activeConf);
// sanity check each possible active NN
Preconditions.checkArgument(checkAddress(activeNNAddress),
"Bad address for active NN: %s", activeNNAddress);
activeNNAddresses.add(activeNNAddress);
}
// Sanity-check.
Preconditions.checkArgument(checkAddress(myNNAddress), "Bad address for standby NN: %s",
myNNAddress);
}
private URL getHttpAddress(Configuration conf) throws IOException {
final String scheme = DFSUtil.getHttpClientScheme(conf);
String defaultHost = NameNode.getServiceAddress(conf, true).getHostName();
URI addr = DFSUtil.getInfoServerWithDefaultHost(defaultHost, conf, scheme);
return addr.toURL();
}
/**
* Ensure that the given address is valid and has a port
* specified.
*/
private static boolean checkAddress(URL addr) {
return addr.getPort() != 0;
}
public void start() {
LOG.info("Starting standby checkpoint thread...\n" +
"Checkpointing active NN to possible NNs: {}\n" +
"Serving checkpoints at {}", activeNNAddresses, myNNAddress);
thread.start();
}
public void stop() throws IOException {
cancelAndPreventCheckpoints("Stopping checkpointer");
thread.setShouldRun(false);
thread.interrupt();
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
LOG.warn("Edit log tailer thread exited with an exception");
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
public void triggerRollbackCheckpoint() {
thread.interrupt();
}
private void doCheckpoint() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
assert canceler != null;
final long txid;
final NameNodeFile imageType;
// Acquire cpLock to make sure no one is modifying the name system.
// It does not need the full namesystem write lock, since the only thing
// that modifies namesystem on standby node is edit log replaying.
namesystem.cpLockInterruptibly();
try {
assert namesystem.getEditLog().isOpenForRead() :
"Standby Checkpointer should only attempt a checkpoint when " +
"NN is in standby mode, but the edit logs are in an unexpected state";
FSImage img = namesystem.getFSImage();
long prevCheckpointTxId = img.getStorage().getMostRecentCheckpointTxId();
long thisCheckpointTxId = img.getCorrectLastAppliedOrWrittenTxId();
assert thisCheckpointTxId >= prevCheckpointTxId;
if (thisCheckpointTxId == prevCheckpointTxId) {
LOG.info("A checkpoint was triggered but the Standby Node has not " +
"received any transactions since the last checkpoint at txid {}. " +
"Skipping...", thisCheckpointTxId);
return;
}
if (namesystem.isRollingUpgrade()
&& !namesystem.getFSImage().hasRollbackFSImage()) {
// if we will do rolling upgrade but have not created the rollback image
// yet, name this checkpoint as fsimage_rollback
imageType = NameNodeFile.IMAGE_ROLLBACK;
} else {
imageType = NameNodeFile.IMAGE;
}
img.saveNamespace(namesystem, imageType, canceler);
txid = img.getStorage().getMostRecentCheckpointTxId();
assert txid == thisCheckpointTxId : "expected to save checkpoint at txid=" +
thisCheckpointTxId + " but instead saved at txid=" + txid;
// Save the legacy OIV image, if the output dir is defined.
String outputDir = checkpointConf.getLegacyOivImageDir();
if (outputDir != null && !outputDir.isEmpty()) {
try {
img.saveLegacyOIVImage(namesystem, outputDir, canceler);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
LOG.warn("Exception encountered while saving legacy OIV image; "
+ "continuing with other checkpointing steps", ioe);
}
}
} finally {
namesystem.cpUnlock();
}
// Upload the saved checkpoint back to the active
// Do this in a separate thread to avoid blocking transition to active, but don't allow more
// than the expected number of tasks to run or queue up
// See HDFS-4816
ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, activeNNAddresses.size(), 100,
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue(activeNNAddresses.size()),
uploadThreadFactory);
// for right now, just match the upload to the nn address by convention. There is no need to
// directly tie them together by adding a pair class.
HashMap> uploads =
new HashMap<>();
for (final URL activeNNAddress : activeNNAddresses) {
// Upload image if at least 1 of 2 following conditions met:
// 1. has been quiet for long enough, try to contact the node.
// 2. this standby IS the primary checkpointer of target NN.
String addressString = activeNNAddress.toString();
assert checkpointReceivers.containsKey(addressString);
CheckpointReceiverEntry receiverEntry =
checkpointReceivers.get(addressString);
long secsSinceLastUpload =
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(
monotonicNow() - receiverEntry.getLastUploadTime());
boolean shouldUpload = receiverEntry.isPrimary() ||
secsSinceLastUpload >= checkpointConf.getQuietPeriod();
if (shouldUpload) {
Future upload =
executor.submit(new Callable() {
@Override
public TransferFsImage.TransferResult call()
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
CheckpointFaultInjector.getInstance().duringUploadInProgess();
return TransferFsImage.uploadImageFromStorage(activeNNAddress,
conf, namesystem.getFSImage().getStorage(), imageType, txid,
canceler);
}
});
uploads.put(addressString, upload);
}
}
InterruptedException ie = null;
List ioes = Lists.newArrayList();
for (Map.Entry> entry :
uploads.entrySet()) {
String url = entry.getKey();
Future upload = entry.getValue();
try {
// TODO should there be some smarts here about retries nodes that
// are not the active NN?
CheckpointReceiverEntry receiverEntry = checkpointReceivers.get(url);
TransferFsImage.TransferResult uploadResult = upload.get();
if (uploadResult == TransferFsImage.TransferResult.SUCCESS) {
receiverEntry.setLastUploadTime(monotonicNow());
receiverEntry.setIsPrimary(true);
} else {
// Getting here means image upload is explicitly rejected
// by the other node. This could happen if:
// 1. the other is also a standby, or
// 2. the other is active, but already accepted another
// newer image, or
// 3. the other is active but has a recent enough image.
// All these are valid cases, just log for information.
LOG.info("Image upload rejected by the other NameNode: {}",
uploadResult);
receiverEntry.setIsPrimary(false);
}
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
// Even if exception happens, still proceeds to next NN url.
// so that fail to upload to previous NN does not cause the
// remaining NN not getting the fsImage.
ioes.add(new IOException("Exception during image upload", e));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
ie = e;
break;
}
}
// cleaner than copying code for multiple catch statements and better than catching all
// exceptions, so we just handle the ones we expect.
if (ie != null) {
// cancel the rest of the tasks, and close the pool
for (Map.Entry> entry :
uploads.entrySet()) {
Future upload = entry.getValue();
// The background thread may be blocked waiting in the throttler, so
// interrupt it.
upload.cancel(true);
}
// shutdown so we interrupt anything running and don't start anything new
executor.shutdownNow();
// this is a good bit longer than the thread timeout, just to make sure all the threads
// that are not doing any work also stop
executor.awaitTermination(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
// re-throw the exception we got, since one of these two must be non-null
throw ie;
}
if (!ioes.isEmpty()) {
throw MultipleIOException.createIOException(ioes);
}
}
/**
* Cancel any checkpoint that's currently being made,
* and prevent any new checkpoints from starting for the next
* minute or so.
*/
public void cancelAndPreventCheckpoints(String msg) throws ServiceFailedException {
synchronized (cancelLock) {
// The checkpointer thread takes this lock and checks if checkpointing is
// postponed.
thread.preventCheckpointsFor(PREVENT_AFTER_CANCEL_MS);
// Before beginning a checkpoint, the checkpointer thread
// takes this lock, and creates a canceler object.
// If the canceler is non-null, then a checkpoint is in
// progress and we need to cancel it. If it's null, then
// the operation has not started, meaning that the above
// time-based prevention will take effect.
if (canceler != null) {
canceler.cancel(msg);
}
}
}
@VisibleForTesting
static int getCanceledCount() {
return canceledCount;
}
private long countUncheckpointedTxns() {
FSImage img = namesystem.getFSImage();
return img.getCorrectLastAppliedOrWrittenTxId() -
img.getStorage().getMostRecentCheckpointTxId();
}
private class CheckpointerThread extends Thread {
private volatile boolean shouldRun = true;
private volatile long preventCheckpointsUntil = 0;
private CheckpointerThread() {
super("Standby State Checkpointer");
}
private void setShouldRun(boolean shouldRun) {
this.shouldRun = shouldRun;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// We have to make sure we're logged in as far as JAAS
// is concerned, in order to use kerberized SSL properly.
SecurityUtil.doAsLoginUserOrFatal(
new PrivilegedAction
