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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionLocation;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcControllerFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import org.apache.yetus.audience.InterfaceAudience;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;

/**
 * HTableMultiplexer provides a thread-safe non blocking PUT API across all the tables. Each put
 * will be sharded into different buffer queues based on its destination region server. So each
 * region server buffer queue will only have the puts which share the same destination. And each
 * queue will have a flush worker thread to flush the puts request to the region server. If any
 * queue is full, the HTableMultiplexer starts to drop the Put requests for that particular queue.
 * 

* Also all the puts will be retried as a configuration number before dropping. And the * HTableMultiplexer can report the number of buffered requests and the number of the failed * (dropped) requests in total or on per region server basis. *

* This class is thread safe. * @deprecated since 2.2.0, will be removed in 3.0.0, without replacement. Please use * {@link BufferedMutator} for batching mutations. */ @Deprecated @InterfaceAudience.Public public class HTableMultiplexer { private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTableMultiplexer.class.getName()); public static final String TABLE_MULTIPLEXER_FLUSH_PERIOD_MS = "hbase.tablemultiplexer.flush.period.ms"; public static final String TABLE_MULTIPLEXER_INIT_THREADS = "hbase.tablemultiplexer.init.threads"; public static final String TABLE_MULTIPLEXER_MAX_RETRIES_IN_QUEUE = "hbase.client.max.retries.in.queue"; /** The map between each region server to its flush worker */ private final Map serverToFlushWorkerMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private final Configuration conf; private final ClusterConnection conn; private final ExecutorService pool; private final int maxAttempts; private final int perRegionServerBufferQueueSize; private final int maxKeyValueSize; private final ScheduledExecutorService executor; private final long flushPeriod; /** * @param conf The HBaseConfiguration * @param perRegionServerBufferQueueSize determines the max number of the buffered Put ops for * each region server before dropping the request. */ public HTableMultiplexer(Configuration conf, int perRegionServerBufferQueueSize) throws IOException { this(ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf), conf, perRegionServerBufferQueueSize); } /** * @param conn The HBase connection. * @param conf The HBase configuration * @param perRegionServerBufferQueueSize determines the max number of the buffered Put ops for * each region server before dropping the request. */ public HTableMultiplexer(Connection conn, Configuration conf, int perRegionServerBufferQueueSize) { this.conn = (ClusterConnection) conn; this.pool = HTable.getDefaultExecutor(conf); // how many times we could try in total, one more than retry number this.maxAttempts = conf.getInt(HConstants.HBASE_CLIENT_RETRIES_NUMBER, HConstants.DEFAULT_HBASE_CLIENT_RETRIES_NUMBER) + 1; this.perRegionServerBufferQueueSize = perRegionServerBufferQueueSize; this.maxKeyValueSize = HTable.getMaxKeyValueSize(conf); this.flushPeriod = conf.getLong(TABLE_MULTIPLEXER_FLUSH_PERIOD_MS, 100); int initThreads = conf.getInt(TABLE_MULTIPLEXER_INIT_THREADS, 10); this.executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(initThreads, new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setDaemon(true).setNameFormat("HTableFlushWorker-%d").build()); this.conf = conf; } /** * Closes the internal {@link Connection}. Does nothing if the {@link Connection} has already been * closed. * @throws IOException If there is an error closing the connection. */ public synchronized void close() throws IOException { if (!getConnection().isClosed()) { getConnection().close(); } } /** * The put request will be buffered by its corresponding buffer queue. Return false if the queue * is already full. * @return true if the request can be accepted by its corresponding buffer queue. */ public boolean put(TableName tableName, final Put put) { return put(tableName, put, this.maxAttempts); } /** * The puts request will be buffered by their corresponding buffer queue. Return the list of puts * which could not be queued. * @return the list of puts which could not be queued */ public List put(TableName tableName, final List puts) { if (puts == null) return null; List failedPuts = null; boolean result; for (Put put : puts) { result = put(tableName, put, this.maxAttempts); if (result == false) { // Create the failed puts list if necessary if (failedPuts == null) { failedPuts = new ArrayList<>(); } // Add the put to the failed puts list failedPuts.add(put); } } return failedPuts; } /** * @deprecated Use {@link #put(TableName, List) } instead. */ @Deprecated public List put(byte[] tableName, final List puts) { return put(TableName.valueOf(tableName), puts); } /** * The put request will be buffered by its corresponding buffer queue. And the put request will be * retried before dropping the request. Return false if the queue is already full. * @return true if the request can be accepted by its corresponding buffer queue. */ public boolean put(final TableName tableName, final Put put, int maxAttempts) { if (maxAttempts <= 0) { return false; } try { ConnectionUtils.validatePut(put, maxKeyValueSize); // Allow mocking to get at the connection, but don't expose the connection to users. ClusterConnection conn = (ClusterConnection) getConnection(); // AsyncProcess in the FlushWorker should take care of refreshing the location cache // as necessary. We shouldn't have to do that here. HRegionLocation loc = conn.getRegionLocation(tableName, put.getRow(), false); if (loc != null) { // Add the put pair into its corresponding queue. LinkedBlockingQueue queue = getQueue(loc); // Generate a MultiPutStatus object and offer it into the queue PutStatus s = new PutStatus(loc.getRegion(), put, maxAttempts); return queue.offer(s); } } catch (IOException e) { LOG.debug("Cannot process the put " + put, e); } return false; } /** * @deprecated Use {@link #put(TableName, Put) } instead. */ @Deprecated public boolean put(final byte[] tableName, final Put put, int retry) { return put(TableName.valueOf(tableName), put, retry); } /** * @deprecated Use {@link #put(TableName, Put)} instead. */ @Deprecated public boolean put(final byte[] tableName, Put put) { return put(TableName.valueOf(tableName), put); } /** Returns the current HTableMultiplexerStatus */ public HTableMultiplexerStatus getHTableMultiplexerStatus() { return new HTableMultiplexerStatus(serverToFlushWorkerMap); } @InterfaceAudience.Private @SuppressWarnings("FutureReturnValueIgnored") LinkedBlockingQueue getQueue(HRegionLocation addr) { FlushWorker worker = serverToFlushWorkerMap.get(addr); if (worker == null) { synchronized (this.serverToFlushWorkerMap) { worker = serverToFlushWorkerMap.get(addr); if (worker == null) { // Create the flush worker worker = new FlushWorker(conf, this.conn, addr, this, perRegionServerBufferQueueSize, pool, executor); this.serverToFlushWorkerMap.put(addr, worker); executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(worker, flushPeriod, flushPeriod, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); } } } return worker.getQueue(); } @InterfaceAudience.Private ClusterConnection getConnection() { return this.conn; } /** * HTableMultiplexerStatus keeps track of the current status of the HTableMultiplexer. report the * number of buffered requests and the number of the failed (dropped) requests in total or on per * region server basis. * @deprecated since 2.2.0, will be removed in 3.0.0, without replacement. Please use * {@link BufferedMutator} for batching mutations. */ @Deprecated @InterfaceAudience.Public public static class HTableMultiplexerStatus { private long totalFailedPutCounter; private long totalBufferedPutCounter; private long maxLatency; private long overallAverageLatency; private Map serverToFailedCounterMap; private Map serverToBufferedCounterMap; private Map serverToAverageLatencyMap; private Map serverToMaxLatencyMap; public HTableMultiplexerStatus(Map serverToFlushWorkerMap) { this.totalBufferedPutCounter = 0; this.totalFailedPutCounter = 0; this.maxLatency = 0; this.overallAverageLatency = 0; this.serverToBufferedCounterMap = new HashMap<>(); this.serverToFailedCounterMap = new HashMap<>(); this.serverToAverageLatencyMap = new HashMap<>(); this.serverToMaxLatencyMap = new HashMap<>(); this.initialize(serverToFlushWorkerMap); } private void initialize(Map serverToFlushWorkerMap) { if (serverToFlushWorkerMap == null) { return; } long averageCalcSum = 0; int averageCalcCount = 0; for (Map.Entry entry : serverToFlushWorkerMap.entrySet()) { HRegionLocation addr = entry.getKey(); FlushWorker worker = entry.getValue(); long bufferedCounter = worker.getTotalBufferedCount(); long failedCounter = worker.getTotalFailedCount(); long serverMaxLatency = worker.getMaxLatency(); AtomicAverageCounter averageCounter = worker.getAverageLatencyCounter(); // Get sum and count pieces separately to compute overall average SimpleEntry averageComponents = averageCounter.getComponents(); long serverAvgLatency = averageCounter.getAndReset(); this.totalBufferedPutCounter += bufferedCounter; this.totalFailedPutCounter += failedCounter; if (serverMaxLatency > this.maxLatency) { this.maxLatency = serverMaxLatency; } averageCalcSum += averageComponents.getKey(); averageCalcCount += averageComponents.getValue(); this.serverToBufferedCounterMap.put(addr.getHostnamePort(), bufferedCounter); this.serverToFailedCounterMap.put(addr.getHostnamePort(), failedCounter); this.serverToAverageLatencyMap.put(addr.getHostnamePort(), serverAvgLatency); this.serverToMaxLatencyMap.put(addr.getHostnamePort(), serverMaxLatency); } this.overallAverageLatency = averageCalcCount != 0 ? averageCalcSum / averageCalcCount : 0; } public long getTotalBufferedCounter() { return this.totalBufferedPutCounter; } public long getTotalFailedCounter() { return this.totalFailedPutCounter; } public long getMaxLatency() { return this.maxLatency; } public long getOverallAverageLatency() { return this.overallAverageLatency; } public Map getBufferedCounterForEachRegionServer() { return this.serverToBufferedCounterMap; } public Map getFailedCounterForEachRegionServer() { return this.serverToFailedCounterMap; } public Map getMaxLatencyForEachRegionServer() { return this.serverToMaxLatencyMap; } public Map getAverageLatencyForEachRegionServer() { return this.serverToAverageLatencyMap; } } @InterfaceAudience.Private static class PutStatus { final RegionInfo regionInfo; final Put put; final int maxAttempCount; public PutStatus(RegionInfo regionInfo, Put put, int maxAttempCount) { this.regionInfo = regionInfo; this.put = put; this.maxAttempCount = maxAttempCount; } } /** * Helper to count the average over an interval until reset. */ private static class AtomicAverageCounter { private long sum; private int count; public AtomicAverageCounter() { this.sum = 0L; this.count = 0; } public synchronized long getAndReset() { long result = this.get(); this.reset(); return result; } public synchronized long get() { if (this.count == 0) { return 0; } return this.sum / this.count; } public synchronized SimpleEntry getComponents() { return new SimpleEntry<>(sum, count); } public synchronized void reset() { this.sum = 0L; this.count = 0; } public synchronized void add(long value) { this.sum += value; this.count++; } } @InterfaceAudience.Private static class FlushWorker implements Runnable { private final HRegionLocation addr; private final LinkedBlockingQueue queue; private final HTableMultiplexer multiplexer; private final AtomicLong totalFailedPutCount = new AtomicLong(0); private final AtomicInteger currentProcessingCount = new AtomicInteger(0); private final AtomicAverageCounter averageLatency = new AtomicAverageCounter(); private final AtomicLong maxLatency = new AtomicLong(0); private final AsyncProcess ap; private final List processingList = new ArrayList<>(); private final ScheduledExecutorService executor; private final int maxRetryInQueue; private final AtomicInteger retryInQueue = new AtomicInteger(0); private final int writeRpcTimeout; // needed to pass in through AsyncProcess constructor private final int operationTimeout; private final ExecutorService pool; public FlushWorker(Configuration conf, ClusterConnection conn, HRegionLocation addr, HTableMultiplexer htableMultiplexer, int perRegionServerBufferQueueSize, ExecutorService pool, ScheduledExecutorService executor) { this.addr = addr; this.multiplexer = htableMultiplexer; this.queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(perRegionServerBufferQueueSize); final ConnectionConfiguration connectionConfig = conn != null ? conn.getConnectionConfiguration() : new ConnectionConfiguration(conf); RpcRetryingCallerFactory rpcCallerFactory = RpcRetryingCallerFactory.instantiate(conf, connectionConfig, conn == null ? null : conn.getConnectionMetrics()); RpcControllerFactory rpcControllerFactory = RpcControllerFactory.instantiate(conf); this.writeRpcTimeout = conf.getInt(HConstants.HBASE_RPC_WRITE_TIMEOUT_KEY, conf.getInt(HConstants.HBASE_RPC_TIMEOUT_KEY, HConstants.DEFAULT_HBASE_RPC_TIMEOUT)); this.operationTimeout = conf.getInt(HConstants.HBASE_CLIENT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT, HConstants.DEFAULT_HBASE_CLIENT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT); // Specify 0 retries in AsyncProcess because we need to reassign puts to different queues // if regions are moved. this.ap = new AsyncProcess(conn, conf, rpcCallerFactory, rpcControllerFactory, 0); this.executor = executor; this.maxRetryInQueue = conf.getInt(TABLE_MULTIPLEXER_MAX_RETRIES_IN_QUEUE, 10000); this.pool = pool; } protected LinkedBlockingQueue getQueue() { return this.queue; } public long getTotalFailedCount() { return totalFailedPutCount.get(); } public long getTotalBufferedCount() { return (long) queue.size() + currentProcessingCount.get(); } public AtomicAverageCounter getAverageLatencyCounter() { return this.averageLatency; } public long getMaxLatency() { return this.maxLatency.getAndSet(0); } @SuppressWarnings("FutureReturnValueIgnored") boolean resubmitFailedPut(PutStatus ps, HRegionLocation oldLoc) throws IOException { // Decrease the retry count final int retryCount = ps.maxAttempCount - 1; if (retryCount <= 0) { // Update the failed counter and no retry any more. return false; } int cnt = getRetryInQueue().incrementAndGet(); if (cnt > getMaxRetryInQueue()) { // Too many Puts in queue for resubmit, give up this getRetryInQueue().decrementAndGet(); return false; } final Put failedPut = ps.put; // The currentPut is failed. So get the table name for the currentPut. final TableName tableName = ps.regionInfo.getTable(); long delayMs = getNextDelay(retryCount); if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("resubmitting after " + delayMs + "ms: " + retryCount); } // HBASE-12198, HBASE-15221, HBASE-15232: AsyncProcess should be responsible for updating // the region location cache when the Put original failed with some exception. If we keep // re-trying the same Put to the same location, AsyncProcess isn't doing the right stuff // that we expect it to. getExecutor().schedule(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { boolean succ = false; try { succ = FlushWorker.this.getMultiplexer().put(tableName, failedPut, retryCount); } finally { FlushWorker.this.getRetryInQueue().decrementAndGet(); if (!succ) { FlushWorker.this.getTotalFailedPutCount().incrementAndGet(); } } } }, delayMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); return true; } @InterfaceAudience.Private long getNextDelay(int retryCount) { return ConnectionUtils.getPauseTime(multiplexer.flushPeriod, multiplexer.maxAttempts - retryCount - 1); } @InterfaceAudience.Private AtomicInteger getRetryInQueue() { return this.retryInQueue; } @InterfaceAudience.Private int getMaxRetryInQueue() { return this.maxRetryInQueue; } @InterfaceAudience.Private AtomicLong getTotalFailedPutCount() { return this.totalFailedPutCount; } @InterfaceAudience.Private HTableMultiplexer getMultiplexer() { return this.multiplexer; } @InterfaceAudience.Private ScheduledExecutorService getExecutor() { return this.executor; } @Override public void run() { int failedCount = 0; try { long start = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime(); // drain all the queued puts into the tmp list processingList.clear(); queue.drainTo(processingList); if (processingList.isEmpty()) { // Nothing to flush return; } currentProcessingCount.set(processingList.size()); // failedCount is decreased whenever a Put is success or resubmit. failedCount = processingList.size(); List retainedActions = new ArrayList<>(processingList.size()); MultiAction actions = new MultiAction(); for (int i = 0; i < processingList.size(); i++) { PutStatus putStatus = processingList.get(i); Action action = new Action(putStatus.put, i); actions.add(putStatus.regionInfo.getRegionName(), action); retainedActions.add(action); } // Process this multi-put request List failed = null; Object[] results = new Object[actions.size()]; ServerName server = addr.getServerName(); Map actionsByServer = Collections.singletonMap(server, actions); try { AsyncProcessTask task = AsyncProcessTask.newBuilder().setResults(results).setPool(pool) .setRpcTimeout(writeRpcTimeout).setOperationTimeout(operationTimeout).build(); AsyncRequestFuture arf = ap.submitMultiActions(task, retainedActions, 0L, null, null, actionsByServer); arf.waitUntilDone(); if (arf.hasError()) { // We just log and ignore the exception here since failed Puts will be resubmit again. LOG.debug("Caught some exceptions when flushing puts to region server " + addr.getHostnamePort(), arf.getErrors()); } } finally { for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) { if (results[i] instanceof Result) { failedCount--; } else { if (failed == null) { failed = new ArrayList<>(); } failed.add(processingList.get(i)); } } } if (failed != null) { // Resubmit failed puts for (PutStatus putStatus : failed) { if (resubmitFailedPut(putStatus, this.addr)) { failedCount--; } } } long elapsed = EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime() - start; // Update latency counters averageLatency.add(elapsed); if (elapsed > maxLatency.get()) { maxLatency.set(elapsed); } // Log some basic info if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug( "Processed " + currentProcessingCount + " put requests for " + addr.getHostnamePort() + " and " + failedCount + " failed" + ", latency for this send: " + elapsed); } // Reset the current processing put count currentProcessingCount.set(0); } catch (RuntimeException e) { // To make findbugs happy // Log all the exceptions and move on LOG.debug("Caught some exceptions " + e + " when flushing puts to region server " + addr.getHostnamePort(), e); } catch (Exception e) { if (e instanceof InterruptedException) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } // Log all the exceptions and move on LOG.debug("Caught some exceptions " + e + " when flushing puts to region server " + addr.getHostnamePort(), e); } finally { // Update the totalFailedCount this.totalFailedPutCount.addAndGet(failedCount); } } } }





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