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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.apache.commons.lang.NotImplementedException;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.PathFilter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.DeserializationException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableDescriptors;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableInfoMissingException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;


/**
 * Implementation of {@link TableDescriptors} that reads descriptors from the
 * passed filesystem.  It expects descriptors to be in a file in the
 * {@link #TABLEINFO_DIR} subdir of the table's directory in FS.  Can be read-only
 *  -- i.e. does not modify the filesystem or can be read and write.
 *
 * 

Also has utility for keeping up the table descriptors tableinfo file. * The table schema file is kept in the {@link #TABLEINFO_DIR} subdir * of the table directory in the filesystem. * It has a {@link #TABLEINFO_FILE_PREFIX} and then a suffix that is the * edit sequenceid: e.g. .tableinfo.0000000003. This sequenceid * is always increasing. It starts at zero. The table schema file with the * highest sequenceid has the most recent schema edit. Usually there is one file * only, the most recent but there may be short periods where there are more * than one file. Old files are eventually cleaned. Presumption is that there * will not be lots of concurrent clients making table schema edits. If so, * the below needs a bit of a reworking and perhaps some supporting api in hdfs. */ @InterfaceAudience.Private public class FSTableDescriptors implements TableDescriptors { private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(FSTableDescriptors.class); private final FileSystem fs; private final Path rootdir; private final boolean fsreadonly; private volatile boolean usecache; private volatile boolean fsvisited; @VisibleForTesting long cachehits = 0; @VisibleForTesting long invocations = 0; /** The file name prefix used to store HTD in HDFS */ static final String TABLEINFO_FILE_PREFIX = ".tableinfo"; static final String TABLEINFO_DIR = ".tabledesc"; static final String TMP_DIR = ".tmp"; // This cache does not age out the old stuff. Thinking is that the amount // of data we keep up in here is so small, no need to do occasional purge. // TODO. private final Map cache = new ConcurrentHashMap(); /** * Table descriptor for hbase:meta catalog table */ private final HTableDescriptor metaTableDescriptor; /** * Construct a FSTableDescriptors instance using the hbase root dir of the given * conf and the filesystem where that root dir lives. * This instance can do write operations (is not read only). */ public FSTableDescriptors(final Configuration conf) throws IOException { this(conf, FSUtils.getCurrentFileSystem(conf), FSUtils.getRootDir(conf)); } public FSTableDescriptors(final Configuration conf, final FileSystem fs, final Path rootdir) throws IOException { this(conf, fs, rootdir, false, true); } /** * @param fsreadonly True if we are read-only when it comes to filesystem * operations; i.e. on remove, we do not do delete in fs. */ public FSTableDescriptors(final Configuration conf, final FileSystem fs, final Path rootdir, final boolean fsreadonly, final boolean usecache) throws IOException { super(); this.fs = fs; this.rootdir = rootdir; this.fsreadonly = fsreadonly; this.usecache = usecache; this.metaTableDescriptor = HTableDescriptor.metaTableDescriptor(conf); } public void setCacheOn() throws IOException { this.cache.clear(); this.usecache = true; } public void setCacheOff() throws IOException { this.usecache = false; this.cache.clear(); } @VisibleForTesting public boolean isUsecache() { return this.usecache; } /** * Get the current table descriptor for the given table, or null if none exists. * * Uses a local cache of the descriptor but still checks the filesystem on each call * to see if a newer file has been created since the cached one was read. */ @Override public HTableDescriptor get(final TableName tablename) throws IOException { invocations++; if (TableName.META_TABLE_NAME.equals(tablename)) { cachehits++; return metaTableDescriptor; } // hbase:meta is already handled. If some one tries to get the descriptor for // .logs, .oldlogs or .corrupt throw an exception. if (HConstants.HBASE_NON_USER_TABLE_DIRS.contains(tablename.getNameAsString())) { throw new IOException("No descriptor found for non table = " + tablename); } if (usecache) { // Look in cache of descriptors. HTableDescriptor cachedtdm = this.cache.get(tablename); if (cachedtdm != null) { cachehits++; return cachedtdm; } } HTableDescriptor tdmt = null; try { tdmt = getTableDescriptorFromFs(fs, rootdir, tablename, !fsreadonly); } catch (NullPointerException e) { LOG.debug("Exception during readTableDecriptor. Current table name = " + tablename, e); } catch (IOException ioe) { LOG.debug("Exception during readTableDecriptor. Current table name = " + tablename, ioe); } // last HTD written wins if (usecache && tdmt != null) { this.cache.put(tablename, tdmt); } return tdmt; } /** * Returns a map from table name to table descriptor for all tables. */ @Override public Map getAll() throws IOException { Map htds = new TreeMap(); if (fsvisited && usecache) { for (Map.Entry entry: this.cache.entrySet()) { htds.put(entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue()); } // add hbase:meta to the response htds.put(this.metaTableDescriptor.getNameAsString(), metaTableDescriptor); } else { LOG.debug("Fetching table descriptors from the filesystem."); boolean allvisited = true; for (Path d : FSUtils.getTableDirs(fs, rootdir)) { HTableDescriptor htd = null; try { htd = get(FSUtils.getTableName(d)); } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { // inability of retrieving one HTD shouldn't stop getting the remaining LOG.warn("Trouble retrieving htd", fnfe); } if (htd == null) { allvisited = false; continue; } else { htds.put(htd.getTableName().getNameAsString(), htd); } fsvisited = allvisited; } } return htds; } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableDescriptors#getTableDescriptors(org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem, org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path) */ @Override public Map getByNamespace(String name) throws IOException { Map htds = new TreeMap(); List tableDirs = FSUtils.getLocalTableDirs(fs, FSUtils.getNamespaceDir(rootdir, name)); for (Path d: tableDirs) { HTableDescriptor htd = null; try { htd = get(FSUtils.getTableName(d)); } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { // inability of retrieving one HTD shouldn't stop getting the remaining LOG.warn("Trouble retrieving htd", fnfe); } if (htd == null) continue; htds.put(FSUtils.getTableName(d).getNameAsString(), htd); } return htds; } /** * Adds (or updates) the table descriptor to the FileSystem * and updates the local cache with it. */ @Override public void add(HTableDescriptor htd) throws IOException { if (fsreadonly) { throw new NotImplementedException("Cannot add a table descriptor - in read only mode"); } if (TableName.META_TABLE_NAME.equals(htd.getTableName())) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } if (HConstants.HBASE_NON_USER_TABLE_DIRS.contains(htd.getTableName().getNameAsString())) { throw new NotImplementedException( "Cannot add a table descriptor for a reserved subdirectory name: " + htd.getNameAsString()); } updateTableDescriptor(htd); } /** * Removes the table descriptor from the local cache and returns it. * If not in read only mode, it also deletes the entire table directory(!) * from the FileSystem. */ @Override public HTableDescriptor remove(final TableName tablename) throws IOException { if (fsreadonly) { throw new NotImplementedException("Cannot remove a table descriptor - in read only mode"); } Path tabledir = getTableDir(tablename); if (this.fs.exists(tabledir)) { if (!this.fs.delete(tabledir, true)) { throw new IOException("Failed delete of " + tabledir.toString()); } } HTableDescriptor descriptor = this.cache.remove(tablename); if (descriptor == null) { return null; } else { return descriptor; } } /** * Checks if a current table info file exists for the given table * * @param tableName name of table * @return true if exists * @throws IOException */ public boolean isTableInfoExists(TableName tableName) throws IOException { return getTableInfoPath(tableName) != null; } /** * Find the most current table info file for the given table in the hbase root directory. * @return The file status of the current table info file or null if it does not exist */ private FileStatus getTableInfoPath(final TableName tableName) throws IOException { Path tableDir = getTableDir(tableName); return getTableInfoPath(tableDir); } private FileStatus getTableInfoPath(Path tableDir) throws IOException { return getTableInfoPath(fs, tableDir, !fsreadonly); } /** * Find the most current table info file for the table located in the given table directory. * * Looks within the {@link #TABLEINFO_DIR} subdirectory of the given directory for any table info * files and takes the 'current' one - meaning the one with the highest sequence number if present * or no sequence number at all if none exist (for backward compatibility from before there * were sequence numbers). * * @return The file status of the current table info file or null if it does not exist * @throws IOException */ public static FileStatus getTableInfoPath(FileSystem fs, Path tableDir) throws IOException { return getTableInfoPath(fs, tableDir, false); } /** * Find the most current table info file for the table in the given table directory. * * Looks within the {@link #TABLEINFO_DIR} subdirectory of the given directory for any table info * files and takes the 'current' one - meaning the one with the highest sequence number if * present or no sequence number at all if none exist (for backward compatibility from before * there were sequence numbers). * If there are multiple table info files found and removeOldFiles is true it also deletes the * older files. * * @return The file status of the current table info file or null if none exist * @throws IOException */ private static FileStatus getTableInfoPath(FileSystem fs, Path tableDir, boolean removeOldFiles) throws IOException { Path tableInfoDir = new Path(tableDir, TABLEINFO_DIR); return getCurrentTableInfoStatus(fs, tableInfoDir, removeOldFiles); } /** * Find the most current table info file in the given directory * * Looks within the given directory for any table info files * and takes the 'current' one - meaning the one with the highest sequence number if present * or no sequence number at all if none exist (for backward compatibility from before there * were sequence numbers). * If there are multiple possible files found * and the we're not in read only mode it also deletes the older files. * * @return The file status of the current table info file or null if it does not exist * @throws IOException */ // only visible for FSTableDescriptorMigrationToSubdir, can be removed with that static FileStatus getCurrentTableInfoStatus(FileSystem fs, Path dir, boolean removeOldFiles) throws IOException { FileStatus [] status = FSUtils.listStatus(fs, dir, TABLEINFO_PATHFILTER); if (status == null || status.length < 1) return null; FileStatus mostCurrent = null; for (FileStatus file : status) { if (mostCurrent == null || TABLEINFO_FILESTATUS_COMPARATOR.compare(file, mostCurrent) < 0) { mostCurrent = file; } } if (removeOldFiles && status.length > 1) { // Clean away old versions for (FileStatus file : status) { Path path = file.getPath(); if (file != mostCurrent) { if (!fs.delete(file.getPath(), false)) { LOG.warn("Failed cleanup of " + path); } else { LOG.debug("Cleaned up old tableinfo file " + path); } } } } return mostCurrent; } /** * Compare {@link FileStatus} instances by {@link Path#getName()}. Returns in * reverse order. */ @VisibleForTesting static final Comparator TABLEINFO_FILESTATUS_COMPARATOR = new Comparator() { @Override public int compare(FileStatus left, FileStatus right) { return right.compareTo(left); }}; /** * Return the table directory in HDFS */ @VisibleForTesting Path getTableDir(final TableName tableName) { return FSUtils.getTableDir(rootdir, tableName); } private static final PathFilter TABLEINFO_PATHFILTER = new PathFilter() { @Override public boolean accept(Path p) { // Accept any file that starts with TABLEINFO_NAME return p.getName().startsWith(TABLEINFO_FILE_PREFIX); }}; /** * Width of the sequenceid that is a suffix on a tableinfo file. */ @VisibleForTesting static final int WIDTH_OF_SEQUENCE_ID = 10; /* * @param number Number to use as suffix. * @return Returns zero-prefixed decimal version of passed * number (Does absolute in case number is negative). */ private static String formatTableInfoSequenceId(final int number) { byte [] b = new byte[WIDTH_OF_SEQUENCE_ID]; int d = Math.abs(number); for (int i = b.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { b[i] = (byte)((d % 10) + '0'); d /= 10; } return Bytes.toString(b); } /** * Regex to eat up sequenceid suffix on a .tableinfo file. * Use regex because may encounter oldstyle .tableinfos where there is no * sequenceid on the end. */ private static final Pattern TABLEINFO_FILE_REGEX = Pattern.compile(TABLEINFO_FILE_PREFIX + "(\\.([0-9]{" + WIDTH_OF_SEQUENCE_ID + "}))?$"); /** * @param p Path to a .tableinfo file. * @return The current editid or 0 if none found. */ @VisibleForTesting static int getTableInfoSequenceId(final Path p) { if (p == null) return 0; Matcher m = TABLEINFO_FILE_REGEX.matcher(p.getName()); if (!m.matches()) throw new IllegalArgumentException(p.toString()); String suffix = m.group(2); if (suffix == null || suffix.length() <= 0) return 0; return Integer.parseInt(m.group(2)); } /** * @param sequenceid * @return Name of tableinfo file. */ @VisibleForTesting static String getTableInfoFileName(final int sequenceid) { return TABLEINFO_FILE_PREFIX + "." + formatTableInfoSequenceId(sequenceid); } /** * Returns the latest table descriptor for the given table directly from the file system * if it exists, bypassing the local cache. * Returns null if it's not found. */ public static HTableDescriptor getTableDescriptorFromFs(FileSystem fs, Path hbaseRootDir, TableName tableName) throws IOException { Path tableDir = FSUtils.getTableDir(hbaseRootDir, tableName); return getTableDescriptorFromFs(fs, tableDir); } /** * Returns the latest table descriptor for the table located at the given directory * directly from the file system if it exists. * @throws TableInfoMissingException if there is no descriptor */ public static HTableDescriptor getTableDescriptorFromFs(FileSystem fs, Path hbaseRootDir, TableName tableName, boolean rewritePb) throws IOException { Path tableDir = FSUtils.getTableDir(hbaseRootDir, tableName); return getTableDescriptorFromFs(fs, tableDir, rewritePb); } /** * Returns the latest table descriptor for the table located at the given directory * directly from the file system if it exists. * @throws TableInfoMissingException if there is no descriptor */ public static HTableDescriptor getTableDescriptorFromFs(FileSystem fs, Path tableDir) throws IOException { return getTableDescriptorFromFs(fs, tableDir, false); } /** * Returns the latest table descriptor for the table located at the given directory * directly from the file system if it exists. * @throws TableInfoMissingException if there is no descriptor */ public static HTableDescriptor getTableDescriptorFromFs(FileSystem fs, Path tableDir, boolean rewritePb) throws IOException { FileStatus status = getTableInfoPath(fs, tableDir, false); if (status == null) { throw new TableInfoMissingException("No table descriptor file under " + tableDir); } return readTableDescriptor(fs, status, rewritePb); } private static HTableDescriptor readTableDescriptor(FileSystem fs, FileStatus status, boolean rewritePb) throws IOException { int len = Ints.checkedCast(status.getLen()); byte [] content = new byte[len]; FSDataInputStream fsDataInputStream = fs.open(status.getPath()); try { fsDataInputStream.readFully(content); } finally { fsDataInputStream.close(); } HTableDescriptor htd = null; try { htd = HTableDescriptor.parseFrom(content); } catch (DeserializationException e) { // we have old HTableDescriptor here try { HTableDescriptor ohtd = HTableDescriptor.parseFrom(content); LOG.warn("Found old table descriptor, converting to new format for table " + ohtd.getTableName()); htd = new HTableDescriptor(ohtd); if (rewritePb) rewriteTableDescriptor(fs, status, htd); } catch (DeserializationException e1) { throw new IOException("content=" + Bytes.toShort(content), e1); } } if (rewritePb && !ProtobufUtil.isPBMagicPrefix(content)) { // Convert the file over to be pb before leaving here. rewriteTableDescriptor(fs, status, htd); } return htd; } private static void rewriteTableDescriptor(final FileSystem fs, final FileStatus status, final HTableDescriptor td) throws IOException { Path tableInfoDir = status.getPath().getParent(); Path tableDir = tableInfoDir.getParent(); writeTableDescriptor(fs, td, tableDir, status); } /** * Update table descriptor on the file system * @throws IOException Thrown if failed update. * @throws NotImplementedException if in read only mode */ @VisibleForTesting Path updateTableDescriptor(HTableDescriptor htd) throws IOException { if (fsreadonly) { throw new NotImplementedException("Cannot update a table descriptor - in read only mode"); } Path tableDir = getTableDir(htd.getTableName()); Path p = writeTableDescriptor(fs, htd, tableDir, getTableInfoPath(tableDir)); if (p == null) throw new IOException("Failed update"); LOG.info("Updated tableinfo=" + p); if (usecache) { this.cache.put(htd.getTableName(), htd); } return p; } /** * Deletes all the table descriptor files from the file system. * Used in unit tests only. * @throws NotImplementedException if in read only mode */ public void deleteTableDescriptorIfExists(TableName tableName) throws IOException { if (fsreadonly) { throw new NotImplementedException("Cannot delete a table descriptor - in read only mode"); } Path tableDir = getTableDir(tableName); Path tableInfoDir = new Path(tableDir, TABLEINFO_DIR); deleteTableDescriptorFiles(fs, tableInfoDir, Integer.MAX_VALUE); } /** * Deletes files matching the table info file pattern within the given directory * whose sequenceId is at most the given max sequenceId. */ private static void deleteTableDescriptorFiles(FileSystem fs, Path dir, int maxSequenceId) throws IOException { FileStatus [] status = FSUtils.listStatus(fs, dir, TABLEINFO_PATHFILTER); for (FileStatus file : status) { Path path = file.getPath(); int sequenceId = getTableInfoSequenceId(path); if (sequenceId <= maxSequenceId) { boolean success = FSUtils.delete(fs, path, false); if (success) { LOG.debug("Deleted table descriptor at " + path); } else { LOG.error("Failed to delete descriptor at " + path); } } } } /** * Attempts to write a new table descriptor to the given table's directory. * It first writes it to the .tmp dir then uses an atomic rename to move it into place. * It begins at the currentSequenceId + 1 and tries 10 times to find a new sequence number * not already in use. * Removes the current descriptor file if passed in. * * @return Descriptor file or null if we failed write. */ private static Path writeTableDescriptor(final FileSystem fs, final HTableDescriptor htd, final Path tableDir, final FileStatus currentDescriptorFile) throws IOException { // Get temporary dir into which we'll first write a file to avoid half-written file phenomenon. // This directory is never removed to avoid removing it out from under a concurrent writer. Path tmpTableDir = new Path(tableDir, TMP_DIR); Path tableInfoDir = new Path(tableDir, TABLEINFO_DIR); // What is current sequenceid? We read the current sequenceid from // the current file. After we read it, another thread could come in and // compete with us writing out next version of file. The below retries // should help in this case some but its hard to do guarantees in face of // concurrent schema edits. int currentSequenceId = currentDescriptorFile == null ? 0 : getTableInfoSequenceId(currentDescriptorFile.getPath()); int newSequenceId = currentSequenceId; // Put arbitrary upperbound on how often we retry int retries = 10; int retrymax = currentSequenceId + retries; Path tableInfoDirPath = null; do { newSequenceId += 1; String filename = getTableInfoFileName(newSequenceId); Path tempPath = new Path(tmpTableDir, filename); if (fs.exists(tempPath)) { LOG.debug(tempPath + " exists; retrying up to " + retries + " times"); continue; } tableInfoDirPath = new Path(tableInfoDir, filename); try { writeHTD(fs, tempPath, htd); fs.mkdirs(tableInfoDirPath.getParent()); if (!fs.rename(tempPath, tableInfoDirPath)) { throw new IOException("Failed rename of " + tempPath + " to " + tableInfoDirPath); } LOG.debug("Wrote descriptor into: " + tableInfoDirPath); } catch (IOException ioe) { // Presume clash of names or something; go around again. LOG.debug("Failed write and/or rename; retrying", ioe); if (!FSUtils.deleteDirectory(fs, tempPath)) { LOG.warn("Failed cleanup of " + tempPath); } tableInfoDirPath = null; continue; } break; } while (newSequenceId < retrymax); if (tableInfoDirPath != null) { // if we succeeded, remove old table info files. deleteTableDescriptorFiles(fs, tableInfoDir, newSequenceId - 1); } return tableInfoDirPath; } private static void writeHTD(final FileSystem fs, final Path p, final HTableDescriptor htd) throws IOException { FSDataOutputStream out = fs.create(p, false); try { // We used to write this file out as a serialized HTD Writable followed by two '\n's and then // the toString version of HTD. Now we just write out the pb serialization. out.write(htd.toByteArray()); } finally { out.close(); } } /** * Create new HTableDescriptor in HDFS. Happens when we are creating table. * Used by tests. * @return True if we successfully created file. */ public boolean createTableDescriptor(HTableDescriptor htd) throws IOException { return createTableDescriptor(htd, false); } /** * Create new HTableDescriptor in HDFS. Happens when we are creating table. If * forceCreation is true then even if previous table descriptor is present it * will be overwritten * * @return True if we successfully created file. */ public boolean createTableDescriptor(HTableDescriptor htd, boolean forceCreation) throws IOException { Path tableDir = getTableDir(htd.getTableName()); return createTableDescriptorForTableDirectory(tableDir, htd, forceCreation); } /** * Create a new HTableDescriptor in HDFS in the specified table directory. Happens when we create * a new table or snapshot a table. * @param tableDir table directory under which we should write the file * @param htd description of the table to write * @param forceCreation if true,then even if previous table descriptor is present it will * be overwritten * @return true if the we successfully created the file, false if the file * already exists and we weren't forcing the descriptor creation. * @throws IOException if a filesystem error occurs */ public boolean createTableDescriptorForTableDirectory(Path tableDir, HTableDescriptor htd, boolean forceCreation) throws IOException { if (fsreadonly) { throw new NotImplementedException("Cannot create a table descriptor - in read only mode"); } FileStatus status = getTableInfoPath(fs, tableDir); if (status != null) { LOG.debug("Current tableInfoPath = " + status.getPath()); if (!forceCreation) { if (fs.exists(status.getPath()) && status.getLen() > 0) { if (readTableDescriptor(fs, status, false).equals(htd)) { LOG.debug("TableInfo already exists.. Skipping creation"); return false; } } } } Path p = writeTableDescriptor(fs, htd, tableDir, status); return p != null; } }





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