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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellComparator;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellComparatorImpl;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MetaCellComparator;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.compress.Compression;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.yetus.audience.InterfaceAudience;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.hbase.thirdparty.com.google.protobuf.UnsafeByteOperations;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.HFileProtos;
/**
* The {@link HFile} has a fixed trailer which contains offsets to other variable parts of the file.
* Also includes basic metadata on this file. The trailer size is fixed within a given {@link HFile}
* format version only, but we always store the version number as the last four-byte integer of the
* file. The version number itself is split into two portions, a major version and a minor version.
* The last three bytes of a file are the major version and a single preceding byte is the minor
* number. The major version determines which readers/writers to use to read/write a hfile while a
* minor version determines smaller changes in hfile format that do not need a new reader/writer
* type.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Private
public class FixedFileTrailer {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FixedFileTrailer.class);
/**
* We store the comparator class name as a fixed-length field in the trailer.
*/
private static final int MAX_COMPARATOR_NAME_LENGTH = 128;
/**
* Offset to the fileinfo data, a small block of vitals. Necessary in v1 but only potentially
* useful for pretty-printing in v2.
*/
private long fileInfoOffset;
/**
* In version 1, the offset to the data block index. Starting from version 2, the meaning of this
* field is the offset to the section of the file that should be loaded at the time the file is
* being opened: i.e. on open we load the root index, file info, etc. See
* http://hbase.apache.org/book.html#_hfile_format_2 in the reference guide.
*/
private long loadOnOpenDataOffset;
/**
* The number of entries in the root data index.
*/
private int dataIndexCount;
/**
* Total uncompressed size of all blocks of the data index
*/
private long uncompressedDataIndexSize;
/**
* The number of entries in the meta index
*/
private int metaIndexCount;
/**
* The total uncompressed size of keys/values stored in the file.
*/
private long totalUncompressedBytes;
/**
* The number of key/value pairs in the file. This field was int in version 1, but is now long.
*/
private long entryCount;
/**
* The compression codec used for all blocks.
*/
private Compression.Algorithm compressionCodec = Compression.Algorithm.NONE;
/**
* The number of levels in the potentially multi-level data index. Used from version 2 onwards.
*/
private int numDataIndexLevels;
/**
* The offset of the first data block.
*/
private long firstDataBlockOffset;
/**
* It is guaranteed that no key/value data blocks start after this offset in the file.
*/
private long lastDataBlockOffset;
/**
* Raw key comparator class name in version 3
*/
// We could write the actual class name from 2.0 onwards and handle BC
private String comparatorClassName = CellComparator.getInstance().getClass().getName();
/**
* The encryption key
*/
private byte[] encryptionKey;
/**
* The {@link HFile} format major version.
*/
private final int majorVersion;
/**
* The {@link HFile} format minor version.
*/
private final int minorVersion;
FixedFileTrailer(int majorVersion, int minorVersion) {
this.majorVersion = majorVersion;
this.minorVersion = minorVersion;
HFile.checkFormatVersion(majorVersion);
}
private static int[] computeTrailerSizeByVersion() {
int[] versionToSize = new int[HFile.MAX_FORMAT_VERSION + 1];
// We support only 2 major versions now. ie. V2, V3
versionToSize[2] = 212;
for (int version = 3; version <= HFile.MAX_FORMAT_VERSION; version++) {
// Max FFT size for V3 and above is taken as 4KB for future enhancements
// if any.
// Unless the trailer size exceeds 4K this can continue
versionToSize[version] = 1024 * 4;
}
return versionToSize;
}
private static int getMaxTrailerSize() {
int maxSize = 0;
for (int version = HFile.MIN_FORMAT_VERSION; version <= HFile.MAX_FORMAT_VERSION; ++version) {
maxSize = Math.max(getTrailerSize(version), maxSize);
}
return maxSize;
}
private static final int[] TRAILER_SIZE = computeTrailerSizeByVersion();
private static final int MAX_TRAILER_SIZE = getMaxTrailerSize();
private static final int NOT_PB_SIZE = BlockType.MAGIC_LENGTH + Bytes.SIZEOF_INT;
static int getTrailerSize(int version) {
return TRAILER_SIZE[version];
}
public int getTrailerSize() {
return getTrailerSize(majorVersion);
}
/**
* Write the trailer to a data stream. We support writing version 1 for testing and for
* determining version 1 trailer size. It is also easy to see what fields changed in version 2.
*/
void serialize(DataOutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
HFile.checkFormatVersion(majorVersion);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream baosDos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
BlockType.TRAILER.write(baosDos);
serializeAsPB(baosDos);
// The last 4 bytes of the file encode the major and minor version universally
baosDos.writeInt(materializeVersion(majorVersion, minorVersion));
baos.writeTo(outputStream);
}
HFileProtos.FileTrailerProto toProtobuf() {
HFileProtos.FileTrailerProto.Builder builder = HFileProtos.FileTrailerProto.newBuilder()
.setFileInfoOffset(fileInfoOffset).setLoadOnOpenDataOffset(loadOnOpenDataOffset)
.setUncompressedDataIndexSize(uncompressedDataIndexSize)
.setTotalUncompressedBytes(totalUncompressedBytes).setDataIndexCount(dataIndexCount)
.setMetaIndexCount(metaIndexCount).setEntryCount(entryCount)
.setNumDataIndexLevels(numDataIndexLevels).setFirstDataBlockOffset(firstDataBlockOffset)
.setLastDataBlockOffset(lastDataBlockOffset)
.setComparatorClassName(getHBase1CompatibleName(comparatorClassName))
.setCompressionCodec(compressionCodec.ordinal());
if (encryptionKey != null) {
builder.setEncryptionKey(UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(encryptionKey));
}
return builder.build();
}
/**
* Write trailer data as protobuf. NOTE: we run a translation on the comparator name and will
* serialize the old hbase-1.x where it makes sense. See {@link #getHBase1CompatibleName(String)}.
*/
void serializeAsPB(DataOutputStream output) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
// We need this extra copy unfortunately to determine the final size of the
// delimited output, see use of baos.size() below.
toProtobuf().writeDelimitedTo(baos);
baos.writeTo(output);
// Pad to make up the difference between variable PB encoding length and the
// length when encoded as writable under earlier V2 formats. Failure to pad
// properly or if the PB encoding is too big would mean the trailer wont be read
// in properly by HFile.
int padding = getTrailerSize() - NOT_PB_SIZE - baos.size();
if (padding < 0) {
throw new IOException("Pbuf encoding size exceeded fixed trailer size limit");
}
for (int i = 0; i < padding; i++) {
output.write(0);
}
}
/**
* Deserialize the fixed file trailer from the given stream. The version needs to already be
* specified. Make sure this is consistent with {@link #serialize(DataOutputStream)}.
*/
void deserialize(DataInputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
HFile.checkFormatVersion(majorVersion);
BlockType.TRAILER.readAndCheck(inputStream);
if (
majorVersion > 2
|| (majorVersion == 2 && minorVersion >= HFileReaderImpl.PBUF_TRAILER_MINOR_VERSION)
) {
deserializeFromPB(inputStream);
} else {
deserializeFromWritable(inputStream);
}
// The last 4 bytes of the file encode the major and minor version universally
int version = inputStream.readInt();
expectMajorVersion(extractMajorVersion(version));
expectMinorVersion(extractMinorVersion(version));
}
/**
* Deserialize the file trailer as protobuf
*/
void deserializeFromPB(DataInputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
// read PB and skip padding
int start = inputStream.available();
HFileProtos.FileTrailerProto trailerProto =
HFileProtos.FileTrailerProto.PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(inputStream);
int size = start - inputStream.available();
inputStream.skip(getTrailerSize() - NOT_PB_SIZE - size);
// process the PB
if (trailerProto.hasFileInfoOffset()) {
fileInfoOffset = trailerProto.getFileInfoOffset();
}
if (trailerProto.hasLoadOnOpenDataOffset()) {
loadOnOpenDataOffset = trailerProto.getLoadOnOpenDataOffset();
}
if (trailerProto.hasUncompressedDataIndexSize()) {
uncompressedDataIndexSize = trailerProto.getUncompressedDataIndexSize();
}
if (trailerProto.hasTotalUncompressedBytes()) {
totalUncompressedBytes = trailerProto.getTotalUncompressedBytes();
}
if (trailerProto.hasDataIndexCount()) {
dataIndexCount = trailerProto.getDataIndexCount();
}
if (trailerProto.hasMetaIndexCount()) {
metaIndexCount = trailerProto.getMetaIndexCount();
}
if (trailerProto.hasEntryCount()) {
entryCount = trailerProto.getEntryCount();
}
if (trailerProto.hasNumDataIndexLevels()) {
numDataIndexLevels = trailerProto.getNumDataIndexLevels();
}
if (trailerProto.hasFirstDataBlockOffset()) {
firstDataBlockOffset = trailerProto.getFirstDataBlockOffset();
}
if (trailerProto.hasLastDataBlockOffset()) {
lastDataBlockOffset = trailerProto.getLastDataBlockOffset();
}
if (trailerProto.hasComparatorClassName()) {
setComparatorClass(getComparatorClass(trailerProto.getComparatorClassName()));
}
if (trailerProto.hasCompressionCodec()) {
compressionCodec = Compression.Algorithm.values()[trailerProto.getCompressionCodec()];
} else {
compressionCodec = Compression.Algorithm.NONE;
}
if (trailerProto.hasEncryptionKey()) {
encryptionKey = trailerProto.getEncryptionKey().toByteArray();
}
}
/**
* Deserialize the file trailer as writable data
*/
void deserializeFromWritable(DataInput input) throws IOException {
fileInfoOffset = input.readLong();
loadOnOpenDataOffset = input.readLong();
dataIndexCount = input.readInt();
uncompressedDataIndexSize = input.readLong();
metaIndexCount = input.readInt();
totalUncompressedBytes = input.readLong();
entryCount = input.readLong();
compressionCodec = Compression.Algorithm.values()[input.readInt()];
numDataIndexLevels = input.readInt();
firstDataBlockOffset = input.readLong();
lastDataBlockOffset = input.readLong();
// TODO this is a classname encoded into an HFile's trailer. We are going to need to have
// some compat code here.
setComparatorClass(
getComparatorClass(Bytes.readStringFixedSize(input, MAX_COMPARATOR_NAME_LENGTH)));
}
private void append(StringBuilder sb, String s) {
if (sb.length() > 0) {
sb.append(", ");
}
sb.append(s);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
append(sb, "fileinfoOffset=" + fileInfoOffset);
append(sb, "loadOnOpenDataOffset=" + loadOnOpenDataOffset);
append(sb, "dataIndexCount=" + dataIndexCount);
append(sb, "metaIndexCount=" + metaIndexCount);
append(sb, "totalUncomressedBytes=" + totalUncompressedBytes);
append(sb, "entryCount=" + entryCount);
append(sb, "compressionCodec=" + compressionCodec);
append(sb, "uncompressedDataIndexSize=" + uncompressedDataIndexSize);
append(sb, "numDataIndexLevels=" + numDataIndexLevels);
append(sb, "firstDataBlockOffset=" + firstDataBlockOffset);
append(sb, "lastDataBlockOffset=" + lastDataBlockOffset);
append(sb, "comparatorClassName=" + comparatorClassName);
if (majorVersion >= 3) {
append(sb, "encryptionKey=" + (encryptionKey != null ? "PRESENT" : "NONE"));
}
append(sb, "majorVersion=" + majorVersion);
append(sb, "minorVersion=" + minorVersion);
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Reads a file trailer from the given file.
* @param istream the input stream with the ability to seek. Does not have to be buffered, as
* only one read operation is made.
* @param fileSize the file size. Can be obtained using
* {@link org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem#getFileStatus( org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path)}.
* @return the fixed file trailer read
* @throws IOException if failed to read from the underlying stream, or the trailer is corrupted,
* or the version of the trailer is unsupported
*/
public static FixedFileTrailer readFromStream(FSDataInputStream istream, long fileSize)
throws IOException {
int bufferSize = MAX_TRAILER_SIZE;
long seekPoint = fileSize - bufferSize;
if (seekPoint < 0) {
// It is hard to imagine such a small HFile.
seekPoint = 0;
bufferSize = (int) fileSize;
}
istream.seek(seekPoint);
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize);
istream.readFully(buf.array(), buf.arrayOffset(), buf.arrayOffset() + buf.limit());
// Read the version from the last int of the file.
buf.position(buf.limit() - Bytes.SIZEOF_INT);
int version = buf.getInt();
// Extract the major and minor versions.
int majorVersion = extractMajorVersion(version);
int minorVersion = extractMinorVersion(version);
HFile.checkFormatVersion(majorVersion); // throws IAE if invalid
int trailerSize = getTrailerSize(majorVersion);
FixedFileTrailer fft = new FixedFileTrailer(majorVersion, minorVersion);
fft.deserialize(new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(buf.array(),
buf.arrayOffset() + bufferSize - trailerSize, trailerSize)));
return fft;
}
public void expectMajorVersion(int expected) {
if (majorVersion != expected) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Invalid HFile major version: " + majorVersion + " (expected: " + expected + ")");
}
}
public void expectMinorVersion(int expected) {
if (minorVersion != expected) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Invalid HFile minor version: " + minorVersion + " (expected: " + expected + ")");
}
}
public void expectAtLeastMajorVersion(int lowerBound) {
if (majorVersion < lowerBound) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid HFile major version: " + majorVersion
+ " (expected: " + lowerBound + " or higher).");
}
}
public long getFileInfoOffset() {
return fileInfoOffset;
}
public void setFileInfoOffset(long fileInfoOffset) {
this.fileInfoOffset = fileInfoOffset;
}
public long getLoadOnOpenDataOffset() {
return loadOnOpenDataOffset;
}
public void setLoadOnOpenOffset(long loadOnOpenDataOffset) {
this.loadOnOpenDataOffset = loadOnOpenDataOffset;
}
public int getDataIndexCount() {
return dataIndexCount;
}
public void setDataIndexCount(int dataIndexCount) {
this.dataIndexCount = dataIndexCount;
}
public int getMetaIndexCount() {
return metaIndexCount;
}
public void setMetaIndexCount(int metaIndexCount) {
this.metaIndexCount = metaIndexCount;
}
public long getTotalUncompressedBytes() {
return totalUncompressedBytes;
}
public void setTotalUncompressedBytes(long totalUncompressedBytes) {
this.totalUncompressedBytes = totalUncompressedBytes;
}
public long getEntryCount() {
return entryCount;
}
public void setEntryCount(long newEntryCount) {
entryCount = newEntryCount;
}
public Compression.Algorithm getCompressionCodec() {
return compressionCodec;
}
public void setCompressionCodec(Compression.Algorithm compressionCodec) {
this.compressionCodec = compressionCodec;
}
public int getNumDataIndexLevels() {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
return numDataIndexLevels;
}
public void setNumDataIndexLevels(int numDataIndexLevels) {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
this.numDataIndexLevels = numDataIndexLevels;
}
public long getLastDataBlockOffset() {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
return lastDataBlockOffset;
}
public void setLastDataBlockOffset(long lastDataBlockOffset) {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
this.lastDataBlockOffset = lastDataBlockOffset;
}
public long getFirstDataBlockOffset() {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
return firstDataBlockOffset;
}
public void setFirstDataBlockOffset(long firstDataBlockOffset) {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
this.firstDataBlockOffset = firstDataBlockOffset;
}
public String getComparatorClassName() {
return comparatorClassName;
}
/**
* Returns the major version of this HFile format
*/
public int getMajorVersion() {
return majorVersion;
}
/**
* Returns the minor version of this HFile format
*/
public int getMinorVersion() {
return minorVersion;
}
public void setComparatorClass(Class klass) {
// Is the comparator instantiable?
try {
// If null, it should be the Bytes.BYTES_RAWCOMPARATOR
if (klass != null) {
CellComparator comp = klass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
// if the name wasn't one of the legacy names, maybe its a legit new
// kind of comparator.
this.comparatorClassName = klass.getName();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Comparator class " + klass.getName() + " is not instantiable", e);
}
}
/**
* If a 'standard' Comparator, write the old name for the Comparator when we serialize rather than
* the new name; writing the new name will make it so newly-written hfiles are not parseable by
* hbase-1.x, a facility we'd like to preserve across rolling upgrade and hbase-1.x clusters
* reading hbase-2.x produce.
*
* The Comparators in hbase-2.x work the same as they did in hbase-1.x; they compare KeyValues. In
* hbase-2.x they were renamed making use of the more generic 'Cell' nomenclature to indicate that
* we intend to move away from KeyValues post hbase-2. A naming change is not reason enough to
* make it so hbase-1.x cannot read hbase-2.x files given the structure goes unchanged (hfile v3).
* So, lets write the old names for Comparators into the hfile tails in hbase-2. Here is where we
* do the translation. {@link #getComparatorClass(String)} does translation going the other way.
*
* The translation is done on the serialized Protobuf only.
*
* @param comparator String class name of the Comparator used in this hfile.
* @return What to store in the trailer as our comparator name.
* @see #getComparatorClass(String)
* @since hbase-2.0.0.
* @deprecated Since hbase-2.0.0. Will be removed in hbase-3.0.0.
*/
@Deprecated
private String getHBase1CompatibleName(final String comparator) {
if (comparator.equals(CellComparatorImpl.class.getName())) {
return KeyValue.COMPARATOR.getClass().getName();
}
if (comparator.equals(MetaCellComparator.class.getName())) {
return KeyValue.META_COMPARATOR.getClass().getName();
}
return comparator;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static Class getComparatorClass(String comparatorClassName)
throws IOException {
Class comparatorKlass;
// for BC
if (
comparatorClassName.equals(KeyValue.COMPARATOR.getLegacyKeyComparatorName())
|| comparatorClassName.equals(KeyValue.COMPARATOR.getClass().getName())
|| (comparatorClassName.equals("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellComparator"))
) {
comparatorKlass = CellComparatorImpl.class;
} else if (
comparatorClassName.equals(KeyValue.META_COMPARATOR.getLegacyKeyComparatorName())
|| comparatorClassName.equals(KeyValue.META_COMPARATOR.getClass().getName())
|| (comparatorClassName.equals("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellComparator$MetaCellComparator"))
|| (comparatorClassName
.equals("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellComparatorImpl$MetaCellComparator"))
|| (comparatorClassName.equals("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MetaCellComparator"))
) {
comparatorKlass = MetaCellComparator.class;
} else if (
comparatorClassName.equals("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue$RawBytesComparator")
|| comparatorClassName.equals("org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes$ByteArrayComparator")
) {
// When the comparator to be used is Bytes.BYTES_RAWCOMPARATOR, we just return null from here
// Bytes.BYTES_RAWCOMPARATOR is not a CellComparator
comparatorKlass = null;
} else {
// if the name wasn't one of the legacy names, maybe its a legit new kind of comparator.
try {
comparatorKlass = (Class) Class.forName(comparatorClassName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
return comparatorKlass;
}
static CellComparator createComparator(String comparatorClassName) throws IOException {
if (comparatorClassName.equals(CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR.getClass().getName())) {
return CellComparatorImpl.COMPARATOR;
} else
if (comparatorClassName.equals(MetaCellComparator.META_COMPARATOR.getClass().getName())) {
return MetaCellComparator.META_COMPARATOR;
}
try {
Class comparatorClass = getComparatorClass(comparatorClassName);
if (comparatorClass != null) {
return comparatorClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
}
LOG.warn("No Comparator class for " + comparatorClassName + ". Returning Null.");
return null;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IOException("Comparator class " + comparatorClassName + " is not instantiable", e);
}
}
CellComparator createComparator() throws IOException {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
return createComparator(comparatorClassName);
}
public long getUncompressedDataIndexSize() {
return uncompressedDataIndexSize;
}
public void setUncompressedDataIndexSize(long uncompressedDataIndexSize) {
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
this.uncompressedDataIndexSize = uncompressedDataIndexSize;
}
public byte[] getEncryptionKey() {
// This is a v3 feature but if reading a v2 file the encryptionKey will just be null which
// if fine for this feature.
expectAtLeastMajorVersion(2);
return encryptionKey;
}
public void setEncryptionKey(byte[] keyBytes) {
this.encryptionKey = keyBytes;
}
/**
* Extracts the major version for a 4-byte serialized version data. The major version is the 3
* least significant bytes
*/
private static int extractMajorVersion(int serializedVersion) {
return (serializedVersion & 0x00ffffff);
}
/**
* Extracts the minor version for a 4-byte serialized version data. The major version are the 3
* the most significant bytes
*/
private static int extractMinorVersion(int serializedVersion) {
return (serializedVersion >>> 24);
}
/**
* Create a 4 byte serialized version number by combining the minor and major version numbers.
*/
static int materializeVersion(int majorVersion, int minorVersion) {
return ((majorVersion & 0x00ffffff) | (minorVersion << 24));
}
}