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org.apache.hudi.avro.HoodieAvroUtils Maven / Gradle / Ivy
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hudi.avro;
import org.apache.hudi.common.config.SerializableSchema;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieOperation;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecord;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecordPayload;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.Pair;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieException;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieIOException;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.SchemaCompatibilityException;
import org.apache.avro.AvroRuntimeException;
import org.apache.avro.Conversions;
import org.apache.avro.Conversions.DecimalConversion;
import org.apache.avro.JsonProperties;
import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes;
import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes.Decimal;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.Schema.Field;
import org.apache.avro.SchemaCompatibility;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData.Record;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericFixed;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryDecoder;
import org.apache.avro.io.BinaryEncoder;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
import org.apache.avro.io.DecoderFactory;
import org.apache.avro.io.EncoderFactory;
import org.apache.avro.io.JsonDecoder;
import org.apache.avro.io.JsonEncoder;
import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificRecordBase;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import static org.apache.avro.Schema.Type.UNION;
import static org.apache.hudi.avro.AvroSchemaUtils.createNullableSchema;
import static org.apache.hudi.avro.AvroSchemaUtils.resolveNullableSchema;
import static org.apache.hudi.avro.AvroSchemaUtils.resolveUnionSchema;
/**
* Helper class to do common stuff across Avro.
*/
public class HoodieAvroUtils {
private static final ThreadLocal BINARY_ENCODER = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> null);
private static final ThreadLocal BINARY_DECODER = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> null);
private static final long MILLIS_PER_DAY = 86400000L;
//Export for test
public static final Conversions.DecimalConversion DECIMAL_CONVERSION = new Conversions.DecimalConversion();
// As per https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#names
private static final String INVALID_AVRO_CHARS_IN_NAMES = "[^A-Za-z0-9_]";
private static final String INVALID_AVRO_FIRST_CHAR_IN_NAMES = "[^A-Za-z_]";
private static final String MASK_FOR_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAMES = "__";
// All metadata fields are optional strings.
public static final Schema METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA = createNullableSchema(Schema.Type.STRING);
public static final Schema RECORD_KEY_SCHEMA = initRecordKeySchema();
/**
* Convert a given avro record to bytes.
*/
public static byte[] avroToBytes(GenericRecord record) {
return indexedRecordToBytes(record);
}
public static byte[] indexedRecordToBytes(T record) {
GenericDatumWriter writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(record.getSchema(), ConvertingGenericData.INSTANCE);
try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(out, BINARY_ENCODER.get());
BINARY_ENCODER.set(encoder);
writer.write(record, encoder);
encoder.flush();
return out.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new HoodieIOException("Cannot convert GenericRecord to bytes", e);
}
}
/**
* Convert a given avro record to json and return the encoded bytes.
*
* @param record The GenericRecord to convert
* @param pretty Whether to pretty-print the json output
*/
public static byte[] avroToJson(GenericRecord record, boolean pretty) throws IOException {
DatumWriter writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(record.getSchema());
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
JsonEncoder jsonEncoder = EncoderFactory.get().jsonEncoder(record.getSchema(), out, pretty);
writer.write(record, jsonEncoder);
jsonEncoder.flush();
return out.toByteArray();
}
/**
* Convert serialized bytes back into avro record.
*/
public static GenericRecord bytesToAvro(byte[] bytes, Schema schema) throws IOException {
return bytesToAvro(bytes, schema, schema);
}
/**
* Convert serialized bytes back into avro record.
*/
public static GenericRecord bytesToAvro(byte[] bytes, Schema writerSchema, Schema readerSchema) throws IOException {
BinaryDecoder decoder = DecoderFactory.get().binaryDecoder(bytes, BINARY_DECODER.get());
BINARY_DECODER.set(decoder);
GenericDatumReader reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(writerSchema, readerSchema);
return reader.read(null, decoder);
}
/**
* Convert json bytes back into avro record.
*/
public static GenericRecord jsonBytesToAvro(byte[] bytes, Schema schema) throws IOException {
ByteArrayInputStream bio = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
JsonDecoder jsonDecoder = DecoderFactory.get().jsonDecoder(schema, bio);
GenericDatumReader reader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
return reader.read(null, jsonDecoder);
}
public static boolean isMetadataField(String fieldName) {
return HoodieRecord.HOODIE_META_COLUMNS_WITH_OPERATION.contains(fieldName);
}
public static Schema createHoodieWriteSchema(Schema originalSchema) {
return HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(originalSchema);
}
public static Schema createHoodieWriteSchema(String originalSchema) {
return createHoodieWriteSchema(new Schema.Parser().parse(originalSchema));
}
/**
* Adds the Hoodie metadata fields to the given schema.
*
* @param schema The schema
*/
public static Schema addMetadataFields(Schema schema) {
return addMetadataFields(schema, false);
}
/**
* Adds the Hoodie metadata fields to the given schema.
*
* @param schema The schema
* @param withOperationField Whether to include the '_hoodie_operation' field
*/
public static Schema addMetadataFields(Schema schema, boolean withOperationField) {
List parentFields = new ArrayList<>();
Schema.Field commitTimeField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.COMMIT_TIME_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
Schema.Field commitSeqnoField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.COMMIT_SEQNO_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
Schema.Field recordKeyField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
Schema.Field partitionPathField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.PARTITION_PATH_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
Schema.Field fileNameField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.FILENAME_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
parentFields.add(commitTimeField);
parentFields.add(commitSeqnoField);
parentFields.add(recordKeyField);
parentFields.add(partitionPathField);
parentFields.add(fileNameField);
if (withOperationField) {
final Schema.Field operationField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.OPERATION_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
parentFields.add(operationField);
}
for (Schema.Field field : schema.getFields()) {
if (!isMetadataField(field.name())) {
Schema.Field newField = new Schema.Field(field.name(), field.schema(), field.doc(), field.defaultVal());
for (Map.Entry prop : field.getObjectProps().entrySet()) {
newField.addProp(prop.getKey(), prop.getValue());
}
parentFields.add(newField);
}
}
Schema mergedSchema = Schema.createRecord(schema.getName(), schema.getDoc(), schema.getNamespace(), false);
mergedSchema.setFields(parentFields);
return mergedSchema;
}
public static Schema removeMetadataFields(Schema schema) {
return removeFields(schema, HoodieRecord.HOODIE_META_COLUMNS_WITH_OPERATION);
}
public static Schema removeFields(Schema schema, Set fieldsToRemove) {
List filteredFields = schema.getFields()
.stream()
.filter(field -> !fieldsToRemove.contains(field.name()))
.map(field -> new Schema.Field(field.name(), field.schema(), field.doc(), field.defaultVal()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
Schema filteredSchema = Schema.createRecord(schema.getName(), schema.getDoc(), schema.getNamespace(), false);
filteredSchema.setFields(filteredFields);
return filteredSchema;
}
public static String addMetadataColumnTypes(String hiveColumnTypes) {
return "string,string,string,string,string," + hiveColumnTypes;
}
private static Schema initRecordKeySchema() {
Schema.Field recordKeyField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
Schema recordKeySchema = Schema.createRecord("HoodieRecordKey", "", "", false);
recordKeySchema.setFields(Collections.singletonList(recordKeyField));
return recordKeySchema;
}
public static Schema getRecordKeySchema() {
return RECORD_KEY_SCHEMA;
}
/**
* Fetch schema for record key and partition path.
*/
public static Schema getRecordKeyPartitionPathSchema() {
List toBeAddedFields = new ArrayList<>();
Schema recordSchema = Schema.createRecord("HoodieRecordKey", "", "", false);
Schema.Field recordKeyField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
Schema.Field partitionPathField =
new Schema.Field(HoodieRecord.PARTITION_PATH_METADATA_FIELD, METADATA_FIELD_SCHEMA, "", JsonProperties.NULL_VALUE);
toBeAddedFields.add(recordKeyField);
toBeAddedFields.add(partitionPathField);
recordSchema.setFields(toBeAddedFields);
return recordSchema;
}
/**
* Fetch schema for record key and partition path.
*/
public static Schema getSchemaForFields(Schema fileSchema, List fields) {
List toBeAddedFields = new ArrayList<>();
Schema recordSchema = Schema.createRecord("HoodieRecordKey", "", "", false);
for (Schema.Field schemaField : fileSchema.getFields()) {
if (fields.contains(schemaField.name())) {
toBeAddedFields.add(new Schema.Field(schemaField.name(), schemaField.schema(), schemaField.doc(), schemaField.defaultVal()));
}
}
recordSchema.setFields(toBeAddedFields);
return recordSchema;
}
public static GenericRecord addHoodieKeyToRecord(GenericRecord record, String recordKey, String partitionPath,
String fileName) {
record.put(HoodieRecord.FILENAME_METADATA_FIELD, fileName);
record.put(HoodieRecord.PARTITION_PATH_METADATA_FIELD, partitionPath);
record.put(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD, recordKey);
return record;
}
public static GenericRecord addOperationToRecord(GenericRecord record, HoodieOperation operation) {
record.put(HoodieRecord.OPERATION_METADATA_FIELD, operation.getName());
return record;
}
/**
* Adds the Hoodie commit metadata into the provided Generic Record.
*/
public static GenericRecord addCommitMetadataToRecord(GenericRecord record, String instantTime, String commitSeqno) {
record.put(HoodieRecord.COMMIT_TIME_METADATA_FIELD, instantTime);
record.put(HoodieRecord.COMMIT_SEQNO_METADATA_FIELD, commitSeqno);
return record;
}
public static GenericRecord stitchRecords(GenericRecord left, GenericRecord right, Schema stitchedSchema) {
GenericRecord result = new Record(stitchedSchema);
for (Schema.Field f : left.getSchema().getFields()) {
result.put(f.name(), left.get(f.name()));
}
for (Schema.Field f : right.getSchema().getFields()) {
result.put(f.name(), right.get(f.name()));
}
return result;
}
/**
* Given an Avro record with a given schema, rewrites it into the new schema while setting fields only from the new
* schema.
*
* NOTE: This method is rewriting every record's field that is record itself recursively. It's
* caller's responsibility to make sure that no unnecessary re-writing occurs (by preemptively
* checking whether the record does require re-writing to adhere to the new schema)
*
* NOTE: Here, the assumption is that you cannot go from an evolved schema (schema with (N) fields)
* to an older schema (schema with (N-1) fields). All fields present in the older record schema MUST be present in the
* new schema and the default/existing values are carried over.
*
* This particular method does the following:
*
* Create a new empty GenericRecord with the new schema.
* For GenericRecord, copy over the data from the old schema to the new schema or set default values for all
* fields of this transformed schema
* For SpecificRecord, hoodie_metadata_fields have a special treatment (see below)
*
*
* For SpecificRecord we ignore Hudi Metadata fields, because for code generated
* avro classes (HoodieMetadataRecord), the avro record is a SpecificBaseRecord type instead of a GenericRecord.
* SpecificBaseRecord throws null pointer exception for record.get(name) if name is not present in the schema of the
* record (which happens when converting a SpecificBaseRecord without hoodie_metadata_fields to a new record with it).
* In this case, we do NOT set the defaults for the hoodie_metadata_fields explicitly, instead, the new record assumes
* the default defined in the avro schema itself.
* TODO: See if we can always pass GenericRecord instead of SpecificBaseRecord in some cases.
*/
public static GenericRecord rewriteRecord(GenericRecord oldRecord, Schema newSchema) {
GenericRecord newRecord = new GenericData.Record(newSchema);
boolean isSpecificRecord = oldRecord instanceof SpecificRecordBase;
for (Schema.Field f : newSchema.getFields()) {
if (!(isSpecificRecord && isMetadataField(f.name()))) {
copyOldValueOrSetDefault(oldRecord, newRecord, f);
}
}
if (!ConvertingGenericData.INSTANCE.validate(newSchema, newRecord)) {
throw new SchemaCompatibilityException(
"Unable to validate the rewritten record " + oldRecord + " against schema " + newSchema);
}
return newRecord;
}
public static GenericRecord rewriteRecordWithMetadata(GenericRecord genericRecord, Schema newSchema, String fileName) {
GenericRecord newRecord = new GenericData.Record(newSchema);
for (Schema.Field f : newSchema.getFields()) {
copyOldValueOrSetDefault(genericRecord, newRecord, f);
}
// do not preserve FILENAME_METADATA_FIELD
newRecord.put(HoodieRecord.FILENAME_META_FIELD_ORD, fileName);
if (!GenericData.get().validate(newSchema, newRecord)) {
throw new SchemaCompatibilityException(
"Unable to validate the rewritten record " + genericRecord + " against schema " + newSchema);
}
return newRecord;
}
// TODO Unify the logical of rewriteRecordWithMetadata and rewriteEvolutionRecordWithMetadata, and delete this function.
public static GenericRecord rewriteEvolutionRecordWithMetadata(GenericRecord genericRecord, Schema newSchema, String fileName) {
GenericRecord newRecord = HoodieAvroUtils.rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(genericRecord, newSchema, new HashMap<>());
// do not preserve FILENAME_METADATA_FIELD
newRecord.put(HoodieRecord.FILENAME_META_FIELD_ORD, fileName);
return newRecord;
}
/**
* Converts list of {@link GenericRecord} provided into the {@link GenericRecord} adhering to the
* provided {@code newSchema}.
*
* To better understand conversion rules please check {@link #rewriteRecord(GenericRecord, Schema)}
*/
public static List rewriteRecords(List records, Schema newSchema) {
return records.stream().map(r -> rewriteRecord(r, newSchema)).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
/**
* Given an Avro record and list of columns to remove, this method removes the list of columns from
* the given avro record using rewriteRecord method.
*
* To better understand how it removes please check {@link #rewriteRecord(GenericRecord, Schema)}
*/
public static GenericRecord removeFields(GenericRecord record, Set fieldsToRemove) {
Schema newSchema = removeFields(record.getSchema(), fieldsToRemove);
return rewriteRecord(record, newSchema);
}
private static void copyOldValueOrSetDefault(GenericRecord oldRecord, GenericRecord newRecord, Schema.Field field) {
Schema oldSchema = oldRecord.getSchema();
Object fieldValue = oldSchema.getField(field.name()) == null ? null : oldRecord.get(field.name());
if (fieldValue != null) {
// In case field's value is a nested record, we have to rewrite it as well
Object newFieldValue;
if (fieldValue instanceof GenericRecord) {
GenericRecord record = (GenericRecord) fieldValue;
newFieldValue = rewriteRecord(record, resolveUnionSchema(field.schema(), record.getSchema().getFullName()));
} else {
newFieldValue = fieldValue;
}
newRecord.put(field.name(), newFieldValue);
} else if (field.defaultVal() instanceof JsonProperties.Null) {
newRecord.put(field.name(), null);
} else {
newRecord.put(field.name(), field.defaultVal());
}
}
/**
* Generate a reader schema off the provided writeSchema, to just project out the provided columns.
*/
public static Schema generateProjectionSchema(Schema originalSchema, List fieldNames) {
Map schemaFieldsMap = originalSchema.getFields().stream()
.map(r -> Pair.of(r.name().toLowerCase(), r)).collect(Collectors.toMap(Pair::getLeft, Pair::getRight));
List projectedFields = new ArrayList<>();
for (String fn : fieldNames) {
Schema.Field field = schemaFieldsMap.get(fn.toLowerCase());
if (field == null) {
throw new HoodieException("Field " + fn + " not found in log schema. Query cannot proceed! "
+ "Derived Schema Fields: " + new ArrayList<>(schemaFieldsMap.keySet()));
} else {
projectedFields.add(new Schema.Field(field.name(), field.schema(), field.doc(), field.defaultVal()));
}
}
Schema projectedSchema = Schema.createRecord(originalSchema.getName(), originalSchema.getDoc(),
originalSchema.getNamespace(), originalSchema.isError());
projectedSchema.setFields(projectedFields);
return projectedSchema;
}
/**
* Obtain the root-level field name of a full field name, possibly a nested field.
* For example, given "a.b.c", the output is "a"; given "a", the output is "a".
*
* @param fieldName The field name.
* @return Root-level field name
*/
public static String getRootLevelFieldName(String fieldName) {
return fieldName.split("\\.")[0];
}
/**
* Obtain value of the provided field as string, denoted by dot notation. e.g: a.b.c
*/
public static String getNestedFieldValAsString(GenericRecord record, String fieldName, boolean returnNullIfNotFound, boolean consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
Object obj = getNestedFieldVal(record, fieldName, returnNullIfNotFound, consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled);
return StringUtils.objToString(obj);
}
/**
* Obtain value of the provided field, denoted by dot notation. e.g: a.b.c
*/
public static Object getNestedFieldVal(GenericRecord record, String fieldName, boolean returnNullIfNotFound, boolean consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
String[] parts = fieldName.split("\\.");
GenericRecord valueNode = record;
int i = 0;
try {
for (; i < parts.length; i++) {
String part = parts[i];
Object val = valueNode.get(part);
if (val == null) {
break;
}
// return, if last part of name
if (i == parts.length - 1) {
Schema fieldSchema = valueNode.getSchema().getField(part).schema();
return convertValueForSpecificDataTypes(fieldSchema, val, consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled);
} else {
// VC: Need a test here
if (!(val instanceof GenericRecord)) {
throw new HoodieException("Cannot find a record at part value :" + part);
}
valueNode = (GenericRecord) val;
}
}
} catch (AvroRuntimeException e) {
// Since avro 1.10, arvo will throw AvroRuntimeException("Not a valid schema field: " + key)
// rather than return null like the previous version if if record doesn't contain this key.
// So when returnNullIfNotFound is true, catch this exception.
if (!returnNullIfNotFound) {
throw e;
}
}
if (returnNullIfNotFound) {
return null;
} else if (valueNode.getSchema().getField(parts[i]) == null) {
throw new HoodieException(
fieldName + "(Part -" + parts[i] + ") field not found in record. Acceptable fields were :"
+ valueNode.getSchema().getFields().stream().map(Field::name).collect(Collectors.toList()));
} else {
throw new HoodieException("The value of " + parts[i] + " can not be null");
}
}
/**
* Get schema for the given field and record. Field can be nested, denoted by dot notation. e.g: a.b.c
*
* @param record - record containing the value of the given field
* @param fieldName - name of the field
* @return
*/
public static Schema getNestedFieldSchemaFromRecord(GenericRecord record, String fieldName) {
String[] parts = fieldName.split("\\.");
GenericRecord valueNode = record;
int i = 0;
for (; i < parts.length; i++) {
String part = parts[i];
Object val = valueNode.get(part);
if (i == parts.length - 1) {
return resolveNullableSchema(valueNode.getSchema().getField(part).schema());
} else {
if (!(val instanceof GenericRecord)) {
throw new HoodieException("Cannot find a record at part value :" + part);
}
valueNode = (GenericRecord) val;
}
}
throw new HoodieException("Failed to get schema. Not a valid field name: " + fieldName);
}
/**
* Get schema for the given field and write schema. Field can be nested, denoted by dot notation. e.g: a.b.c
* Use this method when record is not available. Otherwise, prefer to use {@link #getNestedFieldSchemaFromRecord(GenericRecord, String)}
*
* @param writeSchema - write schema of the record
* @param fieldName - name of the field
* @return
*/
public static Schema getNestedFieldSchemaFromWriteSchema(Schema writeSchema, String fieldName) {
String[] parts = fieldName.split("\\.");
int i = 0;
for (; i < parts.length; i++) {
String part = parts[i];
Schema schema = writeSchema.getField(part).schema();
if (i == parts.length - 1) {
return resolveNullableSchema(schema);
}
}
throw new HoodieException("Failed to get schema. Not a valid field name: " + fieldName);
}
/**
* Returns the string value of the given record {@code rec} and field {@code fieldName}.
* The field and value both could be missing.
*
* @param rec The record
* @param fieldName The field name
* @return the string form of the field
* or empty if the schema does not contain the field name or the value is null
*/
public static Option getNullableValAsString(GenericRecord rec, String fieldName) {
Schema.Field field = rec.getSchema().getField(fieldName);
String fieldVal = field == null ? null : StringUtils.objToString(rec.get(field.pos()));
return Option.ofNullable(fieldVal);
}
/**
* This method converts values for fields with certain Avro/Parquet data types that require special handling.
*
* @param fieldSchema avro field schema
* @param fieldValue avro field value
* @return field value either converted (for certain data types) or as it is.
*/
public static Object convertValueForSpecificDataTypes(Schema fieldSchema, Object fieldValue, boolean consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
if (fieldSchema == null) {
return fieldValue;
}
if (fieldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.UNION) {
for (Schema schema : fieldSchema.getTypes()) {
if (schema.getType() != Schema.Type.NULL) {
return convertValueForAvroLogicalTypes(schema, fieldValue, consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled);
}
}
}
return convertValueForAvroLogicalTypes(fieldSchema, fieldValue, consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled);
}
/**
* This method converts values for fields with certain Avro Logical data types that require special handling.
*
* Logical Date Type is converted to actual Date value instead of Epoch Integer which is how it is
* represented/stored in parquet.
*
* Decimal Data Type is converted to actual decimal value instead of bytes/fixed which is how it is
* represented/stored in parquet.
*
* @param fieldSchema avro field schema
* @param fieldValue avro field value
* @return field value either converted (for certain data types) or as it is.
*/
private static Object convertValueForAvroLogicalTypes(Schema fieldSchema, Object fieldValue, boolean consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
if (fieldSchema.getLogicalType() == LogicalTypes.date()) {
return LocalDate.ofEpochDay(Long.parseLong(fieldValue.toString()));
} else if (fieldSchema.getLogicalType() == LogicalTypes.timestampMillis() && consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
return new Timestamp(Long.parseLong(fieldValue.toString()));
} else if (fieldSchema.getLogicalType() == LogicalTypes.timestampMicros() && consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
return new Timestamp(Long.parseLong(fieldValue.toString()) / 1000);
} else if (fieldSchema.getLogicalType() instanceof LogicalTypes.Decimal) {
Decimal dc = (Decimal) fieldSchema.getLogicalType();
DecimalConversion decimalConversion = new DecimalConversion();
if (fieldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.FIXED) {
return decimalConversion.fromFixed((GenericFixed) fieldValue, fieldSchema,
LogicalTypes.decimal(dc.getPrecision(), dc.getScale()));
} else if (fieldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.BYTES) {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = (ByteBuffer) fieldValue;
BigDecimal convertedValue = decimalConversion.fromBytes(byteBuffer, fieldSchema,
LogicalTypes.decimal(dc.getPrecision(), dc.getScale()));
byteBuffer.rewind();
return convertedValue;
}
}
return fieldValue;
}
public static Schema getNullSchema() {
return Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL);
}
/**
* Sanitizes Name according to Avro rule for names.
* Removes characters other than the ones mentioned in https://avro.apache.org/docs/current/spec.html#names .
*
* @param name input name
* @return sanitized name
*/
public static String sanitizeName(String name) {
if (name.substring(0, 1).matches(INVALID_AVRO_FIRST_CHAR_IN_NAMES)) {
name = name.replaceFirst(INVALID_AVRO_FIRST_CHAR_IN_NAMES, MASK_FOR_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAMES);
}
return name.replaceAll(INVALID_AVRO_CHARS_IN_NAMES, MASK_FOR_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAMES);
}
/**
* Gets record column values into one object.
*
* @param record Hoodie record.
* @param columns Names of the columns to get values.
* @param schema {@link Schema} instance.
* @return Column value if a single column, or concatenated String values by comma.
*/
public static Object getRecordColumnValues(HoodieRecord record,
String[] columns,
Schema schema, boolean consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
try {
GenericRecord genericRecord = (GenericRecord) record.getData().getInsertValue(schema).get();
if (columns.length == 1) {
return HoodieAvroUtils.getNestedFieldVal(genericRecord, columns[0], true, consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled);
} else {
// TODO this is inefficient, instead we can simply return array of Comparable
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (String col : columns) {
sb.append(HoodieAvroUtils.getNestedFieldValAsString(genericRecord, col, true, consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled));
}
return sb.toString();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new HoodieIOException("Unable to read record with key:" + record.getKey(), e);
}
}
/**
* Gets record column values into one object.
*
* @param record Hoodie record.
* @param columns Names of the columns to get values.
* @param schema {@link SerializableSchema} instance.
* @return Column value if a single column, or concatenated String values by comma.
*/
public static Object getRecordColumnValues(HoodieRecord record,
String[] columns,
SerializableSchema schema, boolean consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled) {
return getRecordColumnValues(record, columns, schema.get(), consistentLogicalTimestampEnabled);
}
/**
* Given a avro record with a given schema, rewrites it into the new schema while setting fields only from the new schema.
* support deep rewrite for nested record.
* This particular method does the following things :
* a) Create a new empty GenericRecord with the new schema.
* b) For GenericRecord, copy over the data from the old schema to the new schema or set default values for all fields of this transformed schema
*
* @param oldRecord oldRecord to be rewritten
* @param newSchema newSchema used to rewrite oldRecord
* @param renameCols a map store all rename cols, (k, v)-> (colNameFromNewSchema, colNameFromOldSchema)
* @return newRecord for new Schema
*/
public static GenericRecord rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(IndexedRecord oldRecord, Schema newSchema, Map renameCols) {
Object newRecord = rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(oldRecord, oldRecord.getSchema(), newSchema, renameCols, new LinkedList<>());
return (GenericData.Record) newRecord;
}
/**
* Given a avro record with a given schema, rewrites it into the new schema while setting fields only from the new schema.
* support deep rewrite for nested record and adjust rename operation.
* This particular method does the following things :
* a) Create a new empty GenericRecord with the new schema.
* b) For GenericRecord, copy over the data from the old schema to the new schema or set default values for all fields of this transformed schema
*
* @param oldRecord oldRecord to be rewritten
* @param oldAvroSchema old avro schema.
* @param newSchema newSchema used to rewrite oldRecord
* @param renameCols a map store all rename cols, (k, v)-> (colNameFromNewSchema, colNameFromOldSchema)
* @param fieldNames track the full name of visited field when we travel new schema.
* @return newRecord for new Schema
*/
private static Object rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(Object oldRecord, Schema oldAvroSchema, Schema newSchema, Map renameCols, Deque fieldNames) {
if (oldRecord == null) {
return null;
}
// try to get real schema for union type
Schema oldSchema = getActualSchemaFromUnion(oldAvroSchema, oldRecord);
switch (newSchema.getType()) {
case RECORD:
if (!(oldRecord instanceof IndexedRecord)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot rewrite record with different type");
}
IndexedRecord indexedRecord = (IndexedRecord) oldRecord;
List fields = newSchema.getFields();
GenericData.Record newRecord = new GenericData.Record(newSchema);
for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
Schema.Field field = fields.get(i);
String fieldName = field.name();
fieldNames.push(fieldName);
if (oldSchema.getField(field.name()) != null) {
Schema.Field oldField = oldSchema.getField(field.name());
newRecord.put(i, rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(indexedRecord.get(oldField.pos()), oldField.schema(), fields.get(i).schema(), renameCols, fieldNames));
} else {
String fieldFullName = createFullName(fieldNames);
String fieldNameFromOldSchema = renameCols.getOrDefault(fieldFullName, "");
// deal with rename
if (oldSchema.getField(field.name()) == null && oldSchema.getField(fieldNameFromOldSchema) != null) {
// find rename
Schema.Field oldField = oldSchema.getField(fieldNameFromOldSchema);
newRecord.put(i, rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(indexedRecord.get(oldField.pos()), oldField.schema(), fields.get(i).schema(), renameCols, fieldNames));
} else {
// deal with default value
if (fields.get(i).defaultVal() instanceof JsonProperties.Null) {
newRecord.put(i, null);
} else {
newRecord.put(i, fields.get(i).defaultVal());
}
}
}
fieldNames.pop();
}
return newRecord;
case ARRAY:
if (!(oldRecord instanceof Collection)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot rewrite record with different type");
}
Collection array = (Collection)oldRecord;
List newArray = new ArrayList();
fieldNames.push("element");
for (Object element : array) {
newArray.add(rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(element, oldSchema.getElementType(), newSchema.getElementType(), renameCols, fieldNames));
}
fieldNames.pop();
return newArray;
case MAP:
if (!(oldRecord instanceof Map)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot rewrite record with different type");
}
Map map = (Map) oldRecord;
Map newMap = new HashMap<>();
fieldNames.push("value");
for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {
newMap.put(entry.getKey(), rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(entry.getValue(), oldSchema.getValueType(), newSchema.getValueType(), renameCols, fieldNames));
}
fieldNames.pop();
return newMap;
case UNION:
return rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(oldRecord, getActualSchemaFromUnion(oldSchema, oldRecord), getActualSchemaFromUnion(newSchema, oldRecord), renameCols, fieldNames);
default:
return rewritePrimaryType(oldRecord, oldSchema, newSchema);
}
}
private static String createFullName(Deque fieldNames) {
String result = "";
if (!fieldNames.isEmpty()) {
List parentNames = new ArrayList<>();
fieldNames.descendingIterator().forEachRemaining(parentNames::add);
result = parentNames.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("."));
}
return result;
}
private static Object rewritePrimaryType(Object oldValue, Schema oldSchema, Schema newSchema) {
Schema realOldSchema = oldSchema;
if (realOldSchema.getType() == UNION) {
realOldSchema = getActualSchemaFromUnion(oldSchema, oldValue);
}
if (realOldSchema.getType() == newSchema.getType()) {
switch (realOldSchema.getType()) {
case NULL:
case BOOLEAN:
case INT:
case LONG:
case FLOAT:
case DOUBLE:
case BYTES:
case STRING:
return oldValue;
case FIXED:
// fixed size and name must match:
if (!SchemaCompatibility.schemaNameEquals(realOldSchema, newSchema) || realOldSchema.getFixedSize() != newSchema.getFixedSize()) {
// deal with the precision change for decimalType
if (realOldSchema.getLogicalType() instanceof LogicalTypes.Decimal) {
final byte[] bytes;
bytes = ((GenericFixed) oldValue).bytes();
LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) realOldSchema.getLogicalType();
BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(new BigInteger(bytes), decimal.getScale()).setScale(((LogicalTypes.Decimal) newSchema.getLogicalType()).getScale());
return DECIMAL_CONVERSION.toFixed(bd, newSchema, newSchema.getLogicalType());
}
} else {
return oldValue;
}
return oldValue;
default:
throw new AvroRuntimeException("Unknown schema type: " + newSchema.getType());
}
} else {
return rewritePrimaryTypeWithDiffSchemaType(oldValue, realOldSchema, newSchema);
}
}
private static Object rewritePrimaryTypeWithDiffSchemaType(Object oldValue, Schema oldSchema, Schema newSchema) {
switch (newSchema.getType()) {
case NULL:
case BOOLEAN:
break;
case INT:
if (newSchema.getLogicalType() == LogicalTypes.date() && oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.STRING) {
return fromJavaDate(java.sql.Date.valueOf(oldValue.toString()));
}
break;
case LONG:
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT) {
return ((Integer) oldValue).longValue();
}
break;
case FLOAT:
if ((oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT)
|| (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG)) {
return oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT ? ((Integer) oldValue).floatValue() : ((Long) oldValue).floatValue();
}
break;
case DOUBLE:
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.FLOAT) {
// java float cannot convert to double directly, deal with float precision change
return Double.valueOf(oldValue + "");
} else if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT) {
return ((Integer) oldValue).doubleValue();
} else if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG) {
return ((Long) oldValue).doubleValue();
}
break;
case BYTES:
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.STRING) {
return (oldValue.toString()).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
break;
case STRING:
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.BYTES) {
return String.valueOf(((byte[]) oldValue));
}
if (oldSchema.getLogicalType() == LogicalTypes.date()) {
return toJavaDate((Integer) oldValue).toString();
}
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.FLOAT
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.DOUBLE) {
return oldValue.toString();
}
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.FIXED && oldSchema.getLogicalType() instanceof LogicalTypes.Decimal) {
final byte[] bytes;
bytes = ((GenericFixed) oldValue).bytes();
LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) oldSchema.getLogicalType();
BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(new BigInteger(bytes), decimal.getScale());
return bd.toString();
}
break;
case FIXED:
// deal with decimal Type
if (newSchema.getLogicalType() instanceof LogicalTypes.Decimal) {
// TODO: support more types
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.STRING
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.DOUBLE
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.INT
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.LONG
|| oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.FLOAT) {
LogicalTypes.Decimal decimal = (LogicalTypes.Decimal) newSchema.getLogicalType();
BigDecimal bigDecimal = null;
if (oldSchema.getType() == Schema.Type.STRING) {
bigDecimal = new java.math.BigDecimal(oldValue.toString())
.setScale(decimal.getScale());
} else {
// Due to Java, there will be precision problems in direct conversion, we should use string instead of use double
bigDecimal = new java.math.BigDecimal(oldValue.toString())
.setScale(decimal.getScale());
}
return DECIMAL_CONVERSION.toFixed(bigDecimal, newSchema, newSchema.getLogicalType());
}
}
break;
default:
}
throw new AvroRuntimeException(String.format("cannot support rewrite value for schema type: %s since the old schema type is: %s", newSchema, oldSchema));
}
/**
* convert days to Date
*
* NOTE: This method could only be used in tests
*
* @VisibleForTesting
*/
public static java.sql.Date toJavaDate(int days) {
LocalDate date = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(days);
ZoneId defaultZoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = date.atStartOfDay(defaultZoneId);
return new java.sql.Date(zonedDateTime.toInstant().toEpochMilli());
}
/**
* convert Date to days
*
* NOTE: This method could only be used in tests
*
* @VisibleForTesting
*/
public static int fromJavaDate(Date date) {
long millisUtc = date.getTime();
long millisLocal = millisUtc + TimeZone.getDefault().getOffset(millisUtc);
int julianDays = Math.toIntExact(Math.floorDiv(millisLocal, MILLIS_PER_DAY));
return julianDays;
}
private static Schema getActualSchemaFromUnion(Schema schema, Object data) {
Schema actualSchema;
if (!schema.getType().equals(UNION)) {
return schema;
}
if (schema.getTypes().size() == 2
&& schema.getTypes().get(0).getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
actualSchema = schema.getTypes().get(1);
} else if (schema.getTypes().size() == 2
&& schema.getTypes().get(1).getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
actualSchema = schema.getTypes().get(0);
} else if (schema.getTypes().size() == 1) {
actualSchema = schema.getTypes().get(0);
} else {
// deal complex union. this should not happened in hoodie,
// since flink/spark do not write this type.
int i = GenericData.get().resolveUnion(schema, data);
actualSchema = schema.getTypes().get(i);
}
return actualSchema;
}
/**
* Given avro records, rewrites them with new schema.
*
* @param oldRecords oldRecords to be rewrite
* @param newSchema newSchema used to rewrite oldRecord
* @param renameCols a map store all rename cols, (k, v)-> (colNameFromNewSchema, colNameFromOldSchema)
* @return a iterator of rewrote GeneriRcords
*/
public static Iterator rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(Iterator oldRecords, Schema newSchema, Map renameCols) {
if (oldRecords == null || newSchema == null) {
return Collections.emptyIterator();
}
return new Iterator() {
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return oldRecords.hasNext();
}
@Override
public GenericRecord next() {
return rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(oldRecords.next(), newSchema, renameCols);
}
};
}
public static GenericRecord rewriteRecordDeep(GenericRecord oldRecord, Schema newSchema) {
return rewriteRecordWithNewSchema(oldRecord, newSchema, Collections.EMPTY_MAP);
}
}
