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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection;
import org.apache.hudi.common.fs.SizeAwareDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.BufferedRandomAccessFile;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.ClosableIterator;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.SerializationUtils;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.SpillableMapUtils;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieException;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieIOException;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieNotSupportedException;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.zip.Deflater;
import java.util.zip.DeflaterOutputStream;
import java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream;
import static org.apache.hudi.common.util.BinaryUtil.generateChecksum;
/**
* This class provides a disk spillable only map implementation. All of the data is currenly written to one file,
* without any rollover support. It uses the following : 1) An in-memory map that tracks the key-> latest ValueMetadata.
* 2) Current position in the file NOTE : Only String.class type supported for Key
*
* Inspired by https://github.com/basho/bitcask
*/
public final class BitCaskDiskMap extends DiskMap {
public static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024; // 128 KB
private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(BitCaskDiskMap.class);
// Caching byte compression/decompression to avoid creating instances for every operation
private static final ThreadLocal DISK_COMPRESSION_REF =
ThreadLocal.withInitial(CompressionHandler::new);
// Stores the key and corresponding value's latest metadata spilled to disk
private final Map valueMetadataMap;
// Enables compression for all values stored in the disk map
private final boolean isCompressionEnabled;
// Write only file
private final File writeOnlyFile;
// Write only OutputStream to be able to ONLY append to the file
private final SizeAwareDataOutputStream writeOnlyFileHandle;
// FileOutputStream for the file handle to be able to force fsync
// since FileOutputStream's flush() does not force flush to disk
private final FileOutputStream fileOutputStream;
// Current position in the file
private final AtomicLong filePosition;
// FilePath to store the spilled data
private final String filePath;
// Thread-safe random access file
private final ThreadLocal randomAccessFile = new ThreadLocal<>();
private final Queue openedAccessFiles = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
private final List> iterators = new ArrayList<>();
public BitCaskDiskMap(String baseFilePath, boolean isCompressionEnabled) throws IOException {
super(baseFilePath, ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType.BITCASK.name());
this.valueMetadataMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
this.isCompressionEnabled = isCompressionEnabled;
this.writeOnlyFile = new File(diskMapPath, UUID.randomUUID().toString());
this.filePath = writeOnlyFile.getPath();
initFile(writeOnlyFile);
this.fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(writeOnlyFile, true);
this.writeOnlyFileHandle = new SizeAwareDataOutputStream(fileOutputStream, BUFFER_SIZE);
this.filePosition = new AtomicLong(0L);
}
public BitCaskDiskMap(String baseFilePath) throws IOException {
this(baseFilePath, false);
}
/**
* RandomAcessFile is not thread-safe. This API opens a new file handle per thread and returns.
*
* @return
*/
private BufferedRandomAccessFile getRandomAccessFile() {
try {
BufferedRandomAccessFile readHandle = randomAccessFile.get();
if (readHandle == null) {
readHandle = new BufferedRandomAccessFile(filePath, "r", BUFFER_SIZE);
readHandle.seek(0);
randomAccessFile.set(readHandle);
openedAccessFiles.offer(readHandle);
}
return readHandle;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new HoodieException(ioe);
}
}
private void initFile(File writeOnlyFile) throws IOException {
// delete the file if it exists
if (writeOnlyFile.exists()) {
writeOnlyFile.delete();
}
if (!writeOnlyFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
writeOnlyFile.getParentFile().mkdir();
}
writeOnlyFile.createNewFile();
LOG.debug("Spilling to file location " + writeOnlyFile.getAbsolutePath());
// Make sure file is deleted when JVM exits
writeOnlyFile.deleteOnExit();
}
private void flushToDisk() {
try {
writeOnlyFileHandle.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new HoodieIOException("Failed to flush to BitCaskDiskMap file", e);
}
}
/**
* Custom iterator to iterate over values written to disk.
*/
@Override
public Iterator iterator() {
ClosableIterator iterator = new LazyFileIterable(filePath, valueMetadataMap, isCompressionEnabled).iterator();
this.iterators.add(iterator);
return iterator;
}
/**
* Number of bytes spilled to disk.
*/
@Override
public long sizeOfFileOnDiskInBytes() {
return filePosition.get();
}
@Override
public int size() {
return valueMetadataMap.size();
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return valueMetadataMap.isEmpty();
}
@Override
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return valueMetadataMap.containsKey(key);
}
@Override
public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
throw new HoodieNotSupportedException("unable to compare values in map");
}
@Override
public R get(Object key) {
ValueMetadata entry = valueMetadataMap.get(key);
if (entry == null) {
return null;
}
return get(entry);
}
private R get(ValueMetadata entry) {
return get(entry, getRandomAccessFile(), isCompressionEnabled);
}
public static R get(ValueMetadata entry, RandomAccessFile file, boolean isCompressionEnabled) {
try {
byte[] bytesFromDisk = SpillableMapUtils.readBytesFromDisk(file, entry.getOffsetOfValue(), entry.getSizeOfValue());
if (isCompressionEnabled) {
return SerializationUtils.deserialize(DISK_COMPRESSION_REF.get().decompressBytes(bytesFromDisk));
}
return SerializationUtils.deserialize(bytesFromDisk);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new HoodieIOException("Unable to readFromDisk Hoodie Record from disk", e);
}
}
private synchronized R put(T key, R value, boolean flush) {
try {
byte[] val = isCompressionEnabled ? DISK_COMPRESSION_REF.get().compressBytes(SerializationUtils.serialize(value)) :
SerializationUtils.serialize(value);
Integer valueSize = val.length;
Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.valueMetadataMap.put(key,
new BitCaskDiskMap.ValueMetadata(this.filePath, valueSize, filePosition.get(), timestamp));
byte[] serializedKey = SerializationUtils.serialize(key);
filePosition
.set(SpillableMapUtils.spillToDisk(writeOnlyFileHandle, new FileEntry(generateChecksum(val),
serializedKey.length, valueSize, serializedKey, val, timestamp)));
if (flush) {
flushToDisk();
}
} catch (IOException io) {
throw new HoodieIOException("Unable to store data in Disk Based map", io);
}
return value;
}
@Override
public R put(T key, R value) {
return put(key, value, true);
}
@Override
public R remove(Object key) {
R value = get(key);
valueMetadataMap.remove(key);
return value;
}
@Override
public void putAll(Map m) {
for (Map.Entry entry : m.entrySet()) {
put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), false);
}
flushToDisk();
}
@Override
public void clear() {
valueMetadataMap.clear();
// Do not delete file-handles & file as there is no way to do it without synchronizing get/put(and
// reducing concurrency). Instead, just clear the pointer map. The file will be removed on exit.
}
@Override
public void close() {
valueMetadataMap.clear();
try {
if (writeOnlyFileHandle != null) {
writeOnlyFileHandle.flush();
fileOutputStream.getChannel().force(false);
writeOnlyFileHandle.close();
}
while (!openedAccessFiles.isEmpty()) {
BufferedRandomAccessFile file = openedAccessFiles.poll();
if (null != file) {
try {
file.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
// skip exception
}
}
}
writeOnlyFile.delete();
this.iterators.forEach(ClosableIterator::close);
} catch (Exception e) {
// delete the file for any sort of exception
writeOnlyFile.delete();
} finally {
super.close();
}
}
@Override
public Set keySet() {
return valueMetadataMap.keySet();
}
@Override
public Collection values() {
throw new HoodieException("Unsupported Operation Exception");
}
@Override
public Stream valueStream() {
final BufferedRandomAccessFile file = getRandomAccessFile();
return valueMetadataMap.values().stream().sorted().sequential().map(valueMetaData -> (R) get(valueMetaData, file, isCompressionEnabled));
}
@Override
public Set> entrySet() {
Set> entrySet = new HashSet<>();
for (T key : valueMetadataMap.keySet()) {
entrySet.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(key, get(key)));
}
return entrySet;
}
/**
* The file metadata that should be spilled to disk.
*/
public static final class FileEntry {
// Checksum of the value written to disk, compared during every readFromDisk to make sure no corruption
private Long crc;
// Size (numberOfBytes) of the key written to disk
private Integer sizeOfKey;
// Size (numberOfBytes) of the value written to disk
private Integer sizeOfValue;
// Actual key
private byte[] key;
// Actual value
private byte[] value;
// Current timestamp when the value was written to disk
private Long timestamp;
public FileEntry(long crc, int sizeOfKey, int sizeOfValue, byte[] key, byte[] value, long timestamp) {
this.crc = crc;
this.sizeOfKey = sizeOfKey;
this.sizeOfValue = sizeOfValue;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.timestamp = timestamp;
}
public long getCrc() {
return crc;
}
public int getSizeOfKey() {
return sizeOfKey;
}
public int getSizeOfValue() {
return sizeOfValue;
}
public byte[] getKey() {
return key;
}
public byte[] getValue() {
return value;
}
public long getTimestamp() {
return timestamp;
}
}
/**
* The value relevant metadata.
*/
public static final class ValueMetadata implements Comparable {
// FilePath to store the spilled data
private String filePath;
// Size (numberOfBytes) of the value written to disk
private Integer sizeOfValue;
// FilePosition of the value written to disk
private Long offsetOfValue;
// Current timestamp when the value was written to disk
private Long timestamp;
protected ValueMetadata(String filePath, int sizeOfValue, long offsetOfValue, long timestamp) {
this.filePath = filePath;
this.sizeOfValue = sizeOfValue;
this.offsetOfValue = offsetOfValue;
this.timestamp = timestamp;
}
public String getFilePath() {
return filePath;
}
public int getSizeOfValue() {
return sizeOfValue;
}
public Long getOffsetOfValue() {
return offsetOfValue;
}
public long getTimestamp() {
return timestamp;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(ValueMetadata o) {
return Long.compare(this.offsetOfValue, o.offsetOfValue);
}
}
private static class CompressionHandler implements Serializable {
private static final int DISK_COMPRESSION_INITIAL_BUFFER_SIZE = 1048576;
private static final int DECOMPRESS_INTERMEDIATE_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
// Caching ByteArrayOutputStreams to avoid recreating it for every operation
private final ByteArrayOutputStream compressBaos;
private final ByteArrayOutputStream decompressBaos;
private final byte[] decompressIntermediateBuffer;
CompressionHandler() {
compressBaos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(DISK_COMPRESSION_INITIAL_BUFFER_SIZE);
decompressBaos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(DISK_COMPRESSION_INITIAL_BUFFER_SIZE);
decompressIntermediateBuffer = new byte[DECOMPRESS_INTERMEDIATE_BUFFER_SIZE];
}
private byte[] compressBytes(final byte[] value) throws IOException {
compressBaos.reset();
Deflater deflater = new Deflater(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION);
DeflaterOutputStream dos = new DeflaterOutputStream(compressBaos, deflater);
try {
dos.write(value);
} finally {
dos.close();
deflater.end();
}
return compressBaos.toByteArray();
}
private byte[] decompressBytes(final byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
decompressBaos.reset();
try (InputStream in = new InflaterInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes))) {
int len;
while ((len = in.read(decompressIntermediateBuffer)) > 0) {
decompressBaos.write(decompressIntermediateBuffer, 0, len);
}
return decompressBaos.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new HoodieIOException("IOException while decompressing bytes", e);
}
}
}
}
