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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hudi.io;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hudi.avro.HoodieAvroUtils;
import org.apache.hudi.client.WriteStatus;
import org.apache.hudi.common.engine.TaskContextSupplier;
import org.apache.hudi.common.fs.FSUtils;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.BaseFile;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.DeleteRecord;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.FileSlice;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieColumnRangeMetadata;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieDeltaWriteStat;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieLogFile;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieOperation;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodiePartitionMetadata;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodiePayloadProps;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecord;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecordLocation;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecordPayload;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieWriteStat.RuntimeStats;
import org.apache.hudi.common.model.IOType;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.AppendResult;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.HoodieLogFormat;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.HoodieLogFormat.Writer;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.block.HoodieAvroDataBlock;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.block.HoodieDeleteBlock;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.block.HoodieHFileDataBlock;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.block.HoodieLogBlock;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.block.HoodieLogBlock.HeaderMetadataType;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.block.HoodieParquetDataBlock;
import org.apache.hudi.common.table.view.TableFileSystemView.SliceView;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.DefaultSizeEstimator;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.apache.hudi.common.util.SizeEstimator;
import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieAppendException;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieException;
import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieUpsertException;
import org.apache.hudi.table.HoodieTable;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import static org.apache.hudi.metadata.HoodieTableMetadataUtil.collectColumnRangeMetadata;
/**
* IO Operation to append data onto an existing file.
*/
public class HoodieAppendHandle extends HoodieWriteHandle {
private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(HoodieAppendHandle.class);
// This acts as the sequenceID for records written
private static final AtomicLong RECORD_COUNTER = new AtomicLong(1);
protected final String fileId;
// Buffer for holding records in memory before they are flushed to disk
private final List recordList = new ArrayList<>();
// Buffer for holding records (to be deleted) in memory before they are flushed to disk
private final List recordsToDelete = new ArrayList<>();
// Incoming records to be written to logs.
protected Iterator> recordItr;
// Writer to log into the file group's latest slice.
protected Writer writer;
protected final List statuses;
// Total number of records written during an append
protected long recordsWritten = 0;
// Total number of records deleted during an append
protected long recordsDeleted = 0;
// Total number of records updated during an append
protected long updatedRecordsWritten = 0;
// Total number of new records inserted into the delta file
protected long insertRecordsWritten = 0;
// Average record size for a HoodieRecord. This size is updated at the end of every log block flushed to disk
private long averageRecordSize = 0;
// Flag used to initialize some metadata
private boolean doInit = true;
// Total number of bytes written during this append phase (an estimation)
protected long estimatedNumberOfBytesWritten;
// Number of records that must be written to meet the max block size for a log block
private int numberOfRecords = 0;
// Max block size to limit to for a log block
private final int maxBlockSize = config.getLogFileDataBlockMaxSize();
// Header metadata for a log block
protected final Map header = new HashMap<>();
private SizeEstimator sizeEstimator;
private Properties recordProperties = new Properties();
public HoodieAppendHandle(HoodieWriteConfig config, String instantTime, HoodieTable hoodieTable,
String partitionPath, String fileId, Iterator> recordItr, TaskContextSupplier taskContextSupplier) {
super(config, instantTime, partitionPath, fileId, hoodieTable, taskContextSupplier);
this.fileId = fileId;
this.recordItr = recordItr;
sizeEstimator = new DefaultSizeEstimator();
this.statuses = new ArrayList<>();
this.recordProperties.putAll(config.getProps());
}
public HoodieAppendHandle(HoodieWriteConfig config, String instantTime, HoodieTable hoodieTable,
String partitionPath, String fileId, TaskContextSupplier sparkTaskContextSupplier) {
this(config, instantTime, hoodieTable, partitionPath, fileId, null, sparkTaskContextSupplier);
}
private void init(HoodieRecord record) {
if (doInit) {
// extract some information from the first record
SliceView rtView = hoodieTable.getSliceView();
Option fileSlice = rtView.getLatestFileSlice(partitionPath, fileId);
// Set the base commit time as the current instantTime for new inserts into log files
String baseInstantTime;
String baseFile = "";
List logFiles = new ArrayList<>();
if (fileSlice.isPresent()) {
baseInstantTime = fileSlice.get().getBaseInstantTime();
baseFile = fileSlice.get().getBaseFile().map(BaseFile::getFileName).orElse("");
logFiles = fileSlice.get().getLogFiles().map(HoodieLogFile::getFileName).collect(Collectors.toList());
} else {
baseInstantTime = instantTime;
// This means there is no base data file, start appending to a new log file
fileSlice = Option.of(new FileSlice(partitionPath, baseInstantTime, this.fileId));
LOG.info("New AppendHandle for partition :" + partitionPath);
}
// Prepare the first write status
writeStatus.setStat(new HoodieDeltaWriteStat());
writeStatus.setFileId(fileId);
writeStatus.setPartitionPath(partitionPath);
averageRecordSize = sizeEstimator.sizeEstimate(record);
HoodieDeltaWriteStat deltaWriteStat = (HoodieDeltaWriteStat) writeStatus.getStat();
deltaWriteStat.setPrevCommit(baseInstantTime);
deltaWriteStat.setPartitionPath(partitionPath);
deltaWriteStat.setFileId(fileId);
deltaWriteStat.setBaseFile(baseFile);
deltaWriteStat.setLogFiles(logFiles);
try {
// Save hoodie partition meta in the partition path
HoodiePartitionMetadata partitionMetadata = new HoodiePartitionMetadata(fs, baseInstantTime,
new Path(config.getBasePath()), FSUtils.getPartitionPath(config.getBasePath(), partitionPath),
hoodieTable.getPartitionMetafileFormat());
partitionMetadata.trySave(getPartitionId());
// Since the actual log file written to can be different based on when rollover happens, we use the
// base file to denote some log appends happened on a slice. writeToken will still fence concurrent
// writers.
// https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HUDI-1517
createMarkerFile(partitionPath, FSUtils.makeDataFileName(baseInstantTime, writeToken, fileId, hoodieTable.getBaseFileExtension()));
this.writer = createLogWriter(fileSlice, baseInstantTime);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("Error in update task at commit " + instantTime, e);
writeStatus.setGlobalError(e);
throw new HoodieUpsertException("Failed to initialize HoodieAppendHandle for FileId: " + fileId + " on commit "
+ instantTime + " on HDFS path " + hoodieTable.getMetaClient().getBasePath() + "/" + partitionPath, e);
}
doInit = false;
}
}
/**
* Returns whether the hoodie record is an UPDATE.
*/
protected boolean isUpdateRecord(HoodieRecord hoodieRecord) {
// If currentLocation is present, then this is an update
return hoodieRecord.getCurrentLocation() != null;
}
private Option getIndexedRecord(HoodieRecord hoodieRecord) {
Option> recordMetadata = hoodieRecord.getData().getMetadata();
try {
// Pass the isUpdateRecord to the props for HoodieRecordPayload to judge
// Whether it is an update or insert record.
boolean isUpdateRecord = isUpdateRecord(hoodieRecord);
// If the format can not record the operation field, nullify the DELETE payload manually.
boolean nullifyPayload = HoodieOperation.isDelete(hoodieRecord.getOperation()) && !config.allowOperationMetadataField();
recordProperties.put(HoodiePayloadProps.PAYLOAD_IS_UPDATE_RECORD_FOR_MOR, String.valueOf(isUpdateRecord));
Option avroRecord = nullifyPayload ? Option.empty() : hoodieRecord.getData().getInsertValue(tableSchema, recordProperties);
if (avroRecord.isPresent()) {
if (avroRecord.get().equals(IGNORE_RECORD)) {
return avroRecord;
}
// Convert GenericRecord to GenericRecord with hoodie commit metadata in schema
GenericRecord rewriteRecord = rewriteRecord((GenericRecord) avroRecord.get());
avroRecord = Option.of(rewriteRecord);
String seqId =
HoodieRecord.generateSequenceId(instantTime, getPartitionId(), RECORD_COUNTER.getAndIncrement());
if (config.populateMetaFields()) {
HoodieAvroUtils.addHoodieKeyToRecord(rewriteRecord, hoodieRecord.getRecordKey(),
hoodieRecord.getPartitionPath(), fileId);
HoodieAvroUtils.addCommitMetadataToRecord(rewriteRecord, instantTime, seqId);
}
if (config.allowOperationMetadataField()) {
HoodieAvroUtils.addOperationToRecord(rewriteRecord, hoodieRecord.getOperation());
}
if (isUpdateRecord) {
updatedRecordsWritten++;
} else {
insertRecordsWritten++;
}
recordsWritten++;
} else {
recordsDeleted++;
}
writeStatus.markSuccess(hoodieRecord, recordMetadata);
// deflate record payload after recording success. This will help users access payload as a
// part of marking
// record successful.
hoodieRecord.deflate();
return avroRecord;
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("Error writing record " + hoodieRecord, e);
writeStatus.markFailure(hoodieRecord, e, recordMetadata);
}
return Option.empty();
}
private void initNewStatus() {
HoodieDeltaWriteStat prevStat = (HoodieDeltaWriteStat) this.writeStatus.getStat();
// Make a new write status and copy basic fields over.
HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat = new HoodieDeltaWriteStat();
stat.setFileId(fileId);
stat.setPartitionPath(partitionPath);
stat.setPrevCommit(prevStat.getPrevCommit());
stat.setBaseFile(prevStat.getBaseFile());
stat.setLogFiles(new ArrayList<>(prevStat.getLogFiles()));
this.writeStatus = (WriteStatus) ReflectionUtils.loadClass(config.getWriteStatusClassName(),
!hoodieTable.getIndex().isImplicitWithStorage(), config.getWriteStatusFailureFraction());
this.writeStatus.setFileId(fileId);
this.writeStatus.setPartitionPath(partitionPath);
this.writeStatus.setStat(stat);
}
private String makeFilePath(HoodieLogFile logFile) {
return partitionPath.length() == 0
? new Path(logFile.getFileName()).toString()
: new Path(partitionPath, logFile.getFileName()).toString();
}
private void resetWriteCounts() {
recordsWritten = 0;
updatedRecordsWritten = 0;
insertRecordsWritten = 0;
recordsDeleted = 0;
}
private void updateWriteCounts(HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat, AppendResult result) {
stat.setNumWrites(recordsWritten);
stat.setNumUpdateWrites(updatedRecordsWritten);
stat.setNumInserts(insertRecordsWritten);
stat.setNumDeletes(recordsDeleted);
stat.setTotalWriteBytes(result.size());
}
private void accumulateWriteCounts(HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat, AppendResult result) {
stat.setNumWrites(stat.getNumWrites() + recordsWritten);
stat.setNumUpdateWrites(stat.getNumUpdateWrites() + updatedRecordsWritten);
stat.setNumInserts(stat.getNumInserts() + insertRecordsWritten);
stat.setNumDeletes(stat.getNumDeletes() + recordsDeleted);
stat.setTotalWriteBytes(stat.getTotalWriteBytes() + result.size());
}
private void updateWriteStat(HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat, AppendResult result) {
stat.setPath(makeFilePath(result.logFile()));
stat.setLogOffset(result.offset());
stat.setLogVersion(result.logFile().getLogVersion());
if (!stat.getLogFiles().contains(result.logFile().getFileName())) {
stat.addLogFiles(result.logFile().getFileName());
}
stat.setFileSizeInBytes(result.size());
}
private void updateRuntimeStats(HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat) {
RuntimeStats runtimeStats = new RuntimeStats();
runtimeStats.setTotalUpsertTime(timer.endTimer());
stat.setRuntimeStats(runtimeStats);
}
private void accumulateRuntimeStats(HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat) {
RuntimeStats runtimeStats = stat.getRuntimeStats();
assert runtimeStats != null;
runtimeStats.setTotalUpsertTime(runtimeStats.getTotalUpsertTime() + timer.endTimer());
}
private void updateWriteStatus(HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat, AppendResult result) {
updateWriteStat(stat, result);
updateWriteCounts(stat, result);
updateRuntimeStats(stat);
statuses.add(this.writeStatus);
}
private void processAppendResult(AppendResult result, List recordList) {
HoodieDeltaWriteStat stat = (HoodieDeltaWriteStat) this.writeStatus.getStat();
if (stat.getPath() == null) {
// first time writing to this log block.
updateWriteStatus(stat, result);
} else if (stat.getPath().endsWith(result.logFile().getFileName())) {
// append/continued writing to the same log file
stat.setLogOffset(Math.min(stat.getLogOffset(), result.offset()));
stat.setFileSizeInBytes(stat.getFileSizeInBytes() + result.size());
accumulateWriteCounts(stat, result);
accumulateRuntimeStats(stat);
} else {
// written to a newer log file, due to rollover/otherwise.
initNewStatus();
stat = (HoodieDeltaWriteStat) this.writeStatus.getStat();
updateWriteStatus(stat, result);
}
if (config.isMetadataColumnStatsIndexEnabled()) {
final List fieldsToIndex;
// If column stats index is enabled but columns not configured then we assume that
// all columns should be indexed
if (config.getColumnsEnabledForColumnStatsIndex().isEmpty()) {
fieldsToIndex = writeSchemaWithMetaFields.getFields();
} else {
Set columnsToIndexSet = new HashSet<>(config.getColumnsEnabledForColumnStatsIndex());
fieldsToIndex = writeSchemaWithMetaFields.getFields().stream()
.filter(field -> columnsToIndexSet.contains(field.name()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
Map> columnRangesMetadataMap =
collectColumnRangeMetadata(recordList, fieldsToIndex, stat.getPath());
stat.setRecordsStats(columnRangesMetadataMap);
}
resetWriteCounts();
assert stat.getRuntimeStats() != null;
LOG.info(String.format("AppendHandle for partitionPath %s filePath %s, took %d ms.", partitionPath,
stat.getPath(), stat.getRuntimeStats().getTotalUpsertTime()));
timer.startTimer();
}
public void doAppend() {
while (recordItr.hasNext()) {
HoodieRecord record = recordItr.next();
init(record);
flushToDiskIfRequired(record);
writeToBuffer(record);
}
appendDataAndDeleteBlocks(header);
estimatedNumberOfBytesWritten += averageRecordSize * numberOfRecords;
}
protected void appendDataAndDeleteBlocks(Map header) {
try {
header.put(HoodieLogBlock.HeaderMetadataType.INSTANT_TIME, instantTime);
header.put(HoodieLogBlock.HeaderMetadataType.SCHEMA, writeSchemaWithMetaFields.toString());
List blocks = new ArrayList<>(2);
if (recordList.size() > 0) {
String keyField = config.populateMetaFields()
? HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD
: hoodieTable.getMetaClient().getTableConfig().getRecordKeyFieldProp();
blocks.add(getBlock(config, pickLogDataBlockFormat(), recordList, header, keyField));
}
if (recordsToDelete.size() > 0) {
blocks.add(new HoodieDeleteBlock(recordsToDelete.toArray(new DeleteRecord[0]), header));
}
if (blocks.size() > 0) {
AppendResult appendResult = writer.appendBlocks(blocks);
processAppendResult(appendResult, recordList);
recordList.clear();
recordsToDelete.clear();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new HoodieAppendException("Failed while appending records to " + writer.getLogFile().getPath(), e);
}
}
@Override
public boolean canWrite(HoodieRecord record) {
return config.getParquetMaxFileSize() >= estimatedNumberOfBytesWritten
* config.getLogFileToParquetCompressionRatio();
}
@Override
public void write(HoodieRecord record, Option insertValue) {
Option> recordMetadata = ((HoodieRecordPayload) record.getData()).getMetadata();
try {
init(record);
flushToDiskIfRequired(record);
writeToBuffer(record);
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Not throwing exception from here, since we don't want to fail the entire job
// for a single record
writeStatus.markFailure(record, t, recordMetadata);
LOG.error("Error writing record " + record, t);
}
}
@Override
public List close() {
try {
// flush any remaining records to disk
appendDataAndDeleteBlocks(header);
recordItr = null;
if (writer != null) {
writer.close();
writer = null;
// update final size, once for all log files
// TODO we can actually deduce file size purely from AppendResult (based on offset and size
// of the appended block)
for (WriteStatus status : statuses) {
long logFileSize = FSUtils.getFileSize(fs, new Path(config.getBasePath(), status.getStat().getPath()));
status.getStat().setFileSizeInBytes(logFileSize);
}
}
return statuses;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new HoodieUpsertException("Failed to close UpdateHandle", e);
}
}
@Override
public IOType getIOType() {
return IOType.APPEND;
}
public List writeStatuses() {
return statuses;
}
private Writer createLogWriter(Option fileSlice, String baseCommitTime)
throws IOException {
Option latestLogFile = fileSlice.get().getLatestLogFile();
return HoodieLogFormat.newWriterBuilder()
.onParentPath(FSUtils.getPartitionPath(hoodieTable.getMetaClient().getBasePath(), partitionPath))
.withFileId(fileId).overBaseCommit(baseCommitTime)
.withLogVersion(latestLogFile.map(HoodieLogFile::getLogVersion).orElse(HoodieLogFile.LOGFILE_BASE_VERSION))
.withFileSize(latestLogFile.map(HoodieLogFile::getFileSize).orElse(0L))
.withSizeThreshold(config.getLogFileMaxSize()).withFs(fs)
.withRolloverLogWriteToken(writeToken)
.withLogWriteToken(latestLogFile.map(x -> FSUtils.getWriteTokenFromLogPath(x.getPath())).orElse(writeToken))
.withFileExtension(HoodieLogFile.DELTA_EXTENSION).build();
}
/**
* Whether there is need to update the record location.
*/
protected boolean needsUpdateLocation() {
return true;
}
private void writeToBuffer(HoodieRecord record) {
if (!partitionPath.equals(record.getPartitionPath())) {
HoodieUpsertException failureEx = new HoodieUpsertException("mismatched partition path, record partition: "
+ record.getPartitionPath() + " but trying to insert into partition: " + partitionPath);
writeStatus.markFailure(record, failureEx, record.getData().getMetadata());
return;
}
// update the new location of the record, so we know where to find it next
if (needsUpdateLocation()) {
record.unseal();
record.setNewLocation(new HoodieRecordLocation(instantTime, fileId));
record.seal();
}
// fetch the ordering val first in case the record was deflated.
final Comparable orderingVal = record.getData().getOrderingValue();
Option indexedRecord = getIndexedRecord(record);
if (indexedRecord.isPresent()) {
// Skip the ignored record.
if (!indexedRecord.get().equals(IGNORE_RECORD)) {
recordList.add(indexedRecord.get());
}
} else {
recordsToDelete.add(DeleteRecord.create(record.getKey(), orderingVal));
}
numberOfRecords++;
}
/**
* Checks if the number of records have reached the set threshold and then flushes the records to disk.
*/
private void flushToDiskIfRequired(HoodieRecord record) {
// Append if max number of records reached to achieve block size
if (numberOfRecords >= (int) (maxBlockSize / averageRecordSize)) {
// Recompute averageRecordSize before writing a new block and update existing value with
// avg of new and old
LOG.info("AvgRecordSize => " + averageRecordSize);
averageRecordSize = (averageRecordSize + sizeEstimator.sizeEstimate(record)) / 2;
appendDataAndDeleteBlocks(header);
estimatedNumberOfBytesWritten += averageRecordSize * numberOfRecords;
numberOfRecords = 0;
}
}
private HoodieLogBlock.HoodieLogBlockType pickLogDataBlockFormat() {
Option logBlockTypeOpt = config.getLogDataBlockFormat();
if (logBlockTypeOpt.isPresent()) {
return logBlockTypeOpt.get();
}
// Fallback to deduce data-block type based on the base file format
switch (hoodieTable.getBaseFileFormat()) {
case PARQUET:
case ORC:
return HoodieLogBlock.HoodieLogBlockType.AVRO_DATA_BLOCK;
case HFILE:
return HoodieLogBlock.HoodieLogBlockType.HFILE_DATA_BLOCK;
default:
throw new HoodieException("Base file format " + hoodieTable.getBaseFileFormat()
+ " does not have associated log block type");
}
}
private static HoodieLogBlock getBlock(HoodieWriteConfig writeConfig,
HoodieLogBlock.HoodieLogBlockType logDataBlockFormat,
List recordList,
Map header,
String keyField) {
switch (logDataBlockFormat) {
case AVRO_DATA_BLOCK:
return new HoodieAvroDataBlock(recordList, header, keyField);
case HFILE_DATA_BLOCK:
return new HoodieHFileDataBlock(
recordList, header, writeConfig.getHFileCompressionAlgorithm(), new Path(writeConfig.getBasePath()));
case PARQUET_DATA_BLOCK:
return new HoodieParquetDataBlock(recordList, header, keyField, writeConfig.getParquetCompressionCodec());
default:
throw new HoodieException("Data block format " + logDataBlockFormat + " not implemented");
}
}
}
