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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util;

import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;

/**
 * A {@code WeakReference} based shared object pool.
 * The objects are kept in weak references and
 * associated with keys which are identified by the {@code equals} method.
 * The objects are created by {@link ObjectFactory} on demand.
 * The object creation is expected to be lightweight,
 * and the objects may be excessively created and discarded.
 * Thread safe.
 */
@InterfaceAudience.Private
public class WeakObjectPool {
  /**
   * An {@code ObjectFactory} object is used to create
   * new shared objects on demand.
   */
  public interface ObjectFactory {
    /**
     * Creates a new shared object associated with the given {@code key},
     * identified by the {@code equals} method.
     * This method may be simultaneously called by multiple threads
     * with the same key, and the excessive objects are just discarded.
     */
    V createObject(K key);
  }

  private final ReferenceQueue staleRefQueue = new ReferenceQueue();

  private class ObjectReference extends WeakReference {
    final K key;

    ObjectReference(K key, V obj) {
      super(obj, staleRefQueue);
      this.key = key;
    }
  }

  private final ObjectFactory objectFactory;

  /** Does not permit null keys. */
  private final ConcurrentMap referenceCache;

  /**
   * The default initial capacity,
   * used when not otherwise specified in a constructor.
   */
  public static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

  /**
   * The default concurrency level,
   * used when not otherwise specified in a constructor.
   */
  public static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;

  /**
   * Creates a new pool with the default initial capacity (16)
   * and the default concurrency level (16).
   *
   * @param objectFactory the factory to supply new objects on demand
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code objectFactory} is null
   */
  public WeakObjectPool(ObjectFactory objectFactory) {
    this(objectFactory, DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new pool with the given initial capacity
   * and the default concurrency level (16).
   *
   * @param objectFactory the factory to supply new objects on demand
   * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity to keep objects in the pool
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code objectFactory} is null
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is negative
   */
  public WeakObjectPool(ObjectFactory objectFactory, int initialCapacity) {
    this(objectFactory, initialCapacity, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new pool with the given initial capacity
   * and the given concurrency level.
   *
   * @param objectFactory the factory to supply new objects on demand
   * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity to keep objects in the pool
   * @param concurrencyLevel the estimated count of concurrently accessing threads
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code objectFactory} is null
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is negative or
   *    {@code concurrencyLevel} is non-positive
   */
  public WeakObjectPool(
      ObjectFactory objectFactory,
      int initialCapacity,
      int concurrencyLevel) {

    if (objectFactory == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException();
    }
    this.objectFactory = objectFactory;

    this.referenceCache = new ConcurrentHashMap(
        initialCapacity, 0.75f, concurrencyLevel);
    // 0.75f is the default load factor threshold of ConcurrentHashMap.
  }

  /**
   * Removes stale references of shared objects from the pool.
   * References newly becoming stale may still remain.
   * The implementation of this method is expected to be lightweight
   * when there is no stale reference.
   */
  public void purge() {
    // This method is lightweight while there is no stale reference
    // with the Oracle (Sun) implementation of {@code ReferenceQueue},
    // because {@code ReferenceQueue.poll} just checks a volatile instance
    // variable in {@code ReferenceQueue}.

    while (true) {
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      ObjectReference ref = (ObjectReference)staleRefQueue.poll();
      if (ref == null) {
        break;
      }
      referenceCache.remove(ref.key, ref);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a shared object associated with the given {@code key},
   * which is identified by the {@code equals} method.
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code key} is null
   */
  public V get(K key) {
    ObjectReference ref = referenceCache.get(key);
    if (ref != null) {
      V obj = ref.get();
      if (obj != null) {
        return obj;
      }
      referenceCache.remove(key, ref);
    }

    V newObj = objectFactory.createObject(key);
    ObjectReference newRef = new ObjectReference(key, newObj);
    while (true) {
      ObjectReference existingRef = referenceCache.putIfAbsent(key, newRef);
      if (existingRef == null) {
        return newObj;
      }

      V existingObject = existingRef.get();
      if (existingObject != null) {
        return existingObject;
      }
      referenceCache.remove(key, existingRef);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an estimated count of objects kept in the pool.
   * This also counts stale references,
   * and you might want to call {@link #purge()} beforehand.
   */
  public int size() {
    return referenceCache.size();
  }
}