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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.lucene.analysis.compound.hyphenation;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

import org.xml.sax.InputSource;

/**
 * This tree structure stores the hyphenation patterns in an efficient way for
 * fast lookup. It provides the provides the method to hyphenate a word.
 * 
 * This class has been taken from the Apache FOP project (http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/). They have been slightly modified. 
 */
public class HyphenationTree extends TernaryTree implements PatternConsumer {

  /**
   * value space: stores the interletter values
   */
  protected ByteVector vspace;

  /**
   * This map stores hyphenation exceptions
   */
  protected HashMap> stoplist;

  /**
   * This map stores the character classes
   */
  protected TernaryTree classmap;

  /**
   * Temporary map to store interletter values on pattern loading.
   */
  private transient TernaryTree ivalues;

  public HyphenationTree() {
    stoplist = new HashMap<>(23); // usually a small table
    classmap = new TernaryTree();
    vspace = new ByteVector();
    vspace.alloc(1); // this reserves index 0, which we don't use
  }

  /**
   * Packs the values by storing them in 4 bits, two values into a byte Values
   * range is from 0 to 9. We use zero as terminator, so we'll add 1 to the
   * value.
   * 
   * @param values a string of digits from '0' to '9' representing the
   *        interletter values.
   * @return the index into the vspace array where the packed values are stored.
   */
  protected int packValues(String values) {
    int i, n = values.length();
    int m = (n & 1) == 1 ? (n >> 1) + 2 : (n >> 1) + 1;
    int offset = vspace.alloc(m);
    byte[] va = vspace.getArray();
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      int j = i >> 1;
      byte v = (byte) ((values.charAt(i) - '0' + 1) & 0x0f);
      if ((i & 1) == 1) {
        va[j + offset] = (byte) (va[j + offset] | v);
      } else {
        va[j + offset] = (byte) (v << 4); // big endian
      }
    }
    va[m - 1 + offset] = 0; // terminator
    return offset;
  }

  protected String unpackValues(int k) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    byte v = vspace.get(k++);
    while (v != 0) {
      char c = (char) ((v >>> 4) - 1 + '0');
      buf.append(c);
      c = (char) (v & 0x0f);
      if (c == 0) {
        break;
      }
      c = (char) (c - 1 + '0');
      buf.append(c);
      v = vspace.get(k++);
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Read hyphenation patterns from an XML file.
   * 
   * @param f the filename
   * @throws IOException In case the parsing fails
   */
  public void loadPatterns(File f) throws IOException {
    InputSource src = new InputSource(f.toURI().toASCIIString());
    loadPatterns(src);
  }

  /**
   * Read hyphenation patterns from an XML file.
   * 
   * @param source the InputSource for the file
   * @throws IOException In case the parsing fails
   */
  public void loadPatterns(InputSource source) throws IOException {
    PatternParser pp = new PatternParser(this);
    ivalues = new TernaryTree();

    pp.parse(source);

    // patterns/values should be now in the tree
    // let's optimize a bit
    trimToSize();
    vspace.trimToSize();
    classmap.trimToSize();

    // get rid of the auxiliary map
    ivalues = null;
  }

  public String findPattern(String pat) {
    int k = super.find(pat);
    if (k >= 0) {
      return unpackValues(k);
    }
    return "";
  }

  /**
   * String compare, returns 0 if equal or t is a substring of s
   */
  protected int hstrcmp(char[] s, int si, char[] t, int ti) {
    for (; s[si] == t[ti]; si++, ti++) {
      if (s[si] == 0) {
        return 0;
      }
    }
    if (t[ti] == 0) {
      return 0;
    }
    return s[si] - t[ti];
  }

  protected byte[] getValues(int k) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    byte v = vspace.get(k++);
    while (v != 0) {
      char c = (char) ((v >>> 4) - 1);
      buf.append(c);
      c = (char) (v & 0x0f);
      if (c == 0) {
        break;
      }
      c = (char) (c - 1);
      buf.append(c);
      v = vspace.get(k++);
    }
    byte[] res = new byte[buf.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
      res[i] = (byte) buf.charAt(i);
    }
    return res;
  }

  /**
   * 

* Search for all possible partial matches of word starting at index an update * interletter values. In other words, it does something like: *

* * for(i=0; i<patterns.length; i++) { * if ( word.substring(index).startsWidth(patterns[i]) ) * update_interletter_values(patterns[i]); * } * *

* But it is done in an efficient way since the patterns are stored in a * ternary tree. In fact, this is the whole purpose of having the tree: doing * this search without having to test every single pattern. The number of * patterns for languages such as English range from 4000 to 10000. Thus, * doing thousands of string comparisons for each word to hyphenate would be * really slow without the tree. The tradeoff is memory, but using a ternary * tree instead of a trie, almost halves the the memory used by Lout or TeX. * It's also faster than using a hash table *

* * @param word null terminated word to match * @param index start index from word * @param il interletter values array to update */ protected void searchPatterns(char[] word, int index, byte[] il) { byte[] values; int i = index; char p, q; char sp = word[i]; p = root; while (p > 0 && p < sc.length) { if (sc[p] == 0xFFFF) { if (hstrcmp(word, i, kv.getArray(), lo[p]) == 0) { values = getValues(eq[p]); // data pointer is in eq[] int j = index; for (int k = 0; k < values.length; k++) { if (j < il.length && values[k] > il[j]) { il[j] = values[k]; } j++; } } return; } int d = sp - sc[p]; if (d == 0) { if (sp == 0) { break; } sp = word[++i]; p = eq[p]; q = p; // look for a pattern ending at this position by searching for // the null char ( splitchar == 0 ) while (q > 0 && q < sc.length) { if (sc[q] == 0xFFFF) { // stop at compressed branch break; } if (sc[q] == 0) { values = getValues(eq[q]); int j = index; for (int k = 0; k < values.length; k++) { if (j < il.length && values[k] > il[j]) { il[j] = values[k]; } j++; } break; } else { q = lo[q]; /** * actually the code should be: q = sc[q] < 0 ? hi[q] : lo[q]; but * java chars are unsigned */ } } } else { p = d < 0 ? lo[p] : hi[p]; } } } /** * Hyphenate word and return a Hyphenation object. * * @param word the word to be hyphenated * @param remainCharCount Minimum number of characters allowed before the * hyphenation point. * @param pushCharCount Minimum number of characters allowed after the * hyphenation point. * @return a {@link Hyphenation Hyphenation} object representing the * hyphenated word or null if word is not hyphenated. */ public Hyphenation hyphenate(String word, int remainCharCount, int pushCharCount) { char[] w = word.toCharArray(); return hyphenate(w, 0, w.length, remainCharCount, pushCharCount); } /** * w = "****nnllllllnnn*****", where n is a non-letter, l is a letter, all n * may be absent, the first n is at offset, the first l is at offset + * iIgnoreAtBeginning; word = ".llllll.'\0'***", where all l in w are copied * into word. In the first part of the routine len = w.length, in the second * part of the routine len = word.length. Three indices are used: index(w), * the index in w, index(word), the index in word, letterindex(word), the * index in the letter part of word. The following relations exist: index(w) = * offset + i - 1 index(word) = i - iIgnoreAtBeginning letterindex(word) = * index(word) - 1 (see first loop). It follows that: index(w) - index(word) = * offset - 1 + iIgnoreAtBeginning index(w) = letterindex(word) + offset + * iIgnoreAtBeginning */ /** * Hyphenate word and return an array of hyphenation points. * * @param w char array that contains the word * @param offset Offset to first character in word * @param len Length of word * @param remainCharCount Minimum number of characters allowed before the * hyphenation point. * @param pushCharCount Minimum number of characters allowed after the * hyphenation point. * @return a {@link Hyphenation Hyphenation} object representing the * hyphenated word or null if word is not hyphenated. */ public Hyphenation hyphenate(char[] w, int offset, int len, int remainCharCount, int pushCharCount) { int i; char[] word = new char[len + 3]; // normalize word char[] c = new char[2]; int iIgnoreAtBeginning = 0; int iLength = len; boolean bEndOfLetters = false; for (i = 1; i <= len; i++) { c[0] = w[offset + i - 1]; int nc = classmap.find(c, 0); if (nc < 0) { // found a non-letter character ... if (i == (1 + iIgnoreAtBeginning)) { // ... before any letter character iIgnoreAtBeginning++; } else { // ... after a letter character bEndOfLetters = true; } iLength--; } else { if (!bEndOfLetters) { word[i - iIgnoreAtBeginning] = (char) nc; } else { return null; } } } len = iLength; if (len < (remainCharCount + pushCharCount)) { // word is too short to be hyphenated return null; } int[] result = new int[len + 1]; int k = 0; // check exception list first String sw = new String(word, 1, len); if (stoplist.containsKey(sw)) { // assume only simple hyphens (Hyphen.pre="-", Hyphen.post = Hyphen.no = // null) ArrayList hw = stoplist.get(sw); int j = 0; for (i = 0; i < hw.size(); i++) { Object o = hw.get(i); // j = index(sw) = letterindex(word)? // result[k] = corresponding index(w) if (o instanceof String) { j += ((String) o).length(); if (j >= remainCharCount && j < (len - pushCharCount)) { result[k++] = j + iIgnoreAtBeginning; } } } } else { // use algorithm to get hyphenation points word[0] = '.'; // word start marker word[len + 1] = '.'; // word end marker word[len + 2] = 0; // null terminated byte[] il = new byte[len + 3]; // initialized to zero for (i = 0; i < len + 1; i++) { searchPatterns(word, i, il); } // hyphenation points are located where interletter value is odd // i is letterindex(word), // i + 1 is index(word), // result[k] = corresponding index(w) for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (((il[i + 1] & 1) == 1) && i >= remainCharCount && i <= (len - pushCharCount)) { result[k++] = i + iIgnoreAtBeginning; } } } if (k > 0) { // trim result array int[] res = new int[k+2]; System.arraycopy(result, 0, res, 1, k); // We add the synthetical hyphenation points // at the beginning and end of the word res[0]=0; res[k+1]=len; return new Hyphenation(res); } else { return null; } } /** * Add a character class to the tree. It is used by * {@link PatternParser PatternParser} as callback to add character classes. * Character classes define the valid word characters for hyphenation. If a * word contains a character not defined in any of the classes, it is not * hyphenated. It also defines a way to normalize the characters in order to * compare them with the stored patterns. Usually pattern files use only lower * case characters, in this case a class for letter 'a', for example, should * be defined as "aA", the first character being the normalization char. */ @Override public void addClass(String chargroup) { if (chargroup.length() > 0) { char equivChar = chargroup.charAt(0); char[] key = new char[2]; key[1] = 0; for (int i = 0; i < chargroup.length(); i++) { key[0] = chargroup.charAt(i); classmap.insert(key, 0, equivChar); } } } /** * Add an exception to the tree. It is used by * {@link PatternParser PatternParser} class as callback to store the * hyphenation exceptions. * * @param word normalized word * @param hyphenatedword a vector of alternating strings and * {@link Hyphen hyphen} objects. */ @Override public void addException(String word, ArrayList hyphenatedword) { stoplist.put(word, hyphenatedword); } /** * Add a pattern to the tree. Mainly, to be used by * {@link PatternParser PatternParser} class as callback to add a pattern to * the tree. * * @param pattern the hyphenation pattern * @param ivalue interletter weight values indicating the desirability and * priority of hyphenating at a given point within the pattern. It * should contain only digit characters. (i.e. '0' to '9'). */ @Override public void addPattern(String pattern, String ivalue) { int k = ivalues.find(ivalue); if (k <= 0) { k = packValues(ivalue); ivalues.insert(ivalue, (char) k); } insert(pattern, (char) k); } @Override public void printStats(PrintStream out) { out.println("Value space size = " + Integer.toString(vspace.length())); super.printStats(out); } }