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package org.apache.lucene.search.suggest.jaspell;

/** 
 * Copyright (c) 2005 Bruno Martins
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the organization nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
 * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;

/**
 * Implementation of a Ternary Search Trie, a data structure for storing
 * String objects that combines the compact size of a binary search
 * tree with the speed of a digital search trie, and is therefore ideal for
 * practical use in sorting and searching data.

*

* * This data structure is faster than hashing for many typical search problems, * and supports a broader range of useful problems and operations. Ternary * searches are faster than hashing and more powerful, too. *

*

* * The theory of ternary search trees was described at a symposium in 1997 (see * "Fast Algorithms for Sorting and Searching Strings," by J.L. Bentley and R. * Sedgewick, Proceedings of the 8th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete * Algorithms, January 1997). Algorithms in C, Third Edition, by Robert * Sedgewick (Addison-Wesley, 1998) provides yet another view of ternary search * trees. * * @author Bruno Martins * */ public class JaspellTernarySearchTrie { /** * An inner class of Ternary Search Trie that represents a node in the trie. */ protected final class TSTNode { /** Index values for accessing relatives array. */ protected final static int PARENT = 0, LOKID = 1, EQKID = 2, HIKID = 3; /** The key to the node. */ protected Object data; /** The relative nodes. */ protected TSTNode[] relatives = new TSTNode[4]; /** The char used in the split. */ protected char splitchar; /** * Constructor method. * *@param splitchar * The char used in the split. *@param parent * The parent node. */ protected TSTNode(char splitchar, TSTNode parent) { this.splitchar = splitchar; relatives[PARENT] = parent; } } /** * Compares characters by alfabetical order. * *@param cCompare2 * The first char in the comparison. *@param cRef * The second char in the comparison. *@return A negative number, 0 or a positive number if the second char is * less, equal or greater. */ private static int compareCharsAlphabetically(char cCompare2, char cRef) { return Character.toLowerCase(cCompare2) - Character.toLowerCase(cRef); } /* what follows is the original Jaspell code. private static int compareCharsAlphabetically(int cCompare2, int cRef) { int cCompare = 0; if (cCompare2 >= 65) { if (cCompare2 < 89) { cCompare = (2 * cCompare2) - 65; } else if (cCompare2 < 97) { cCompare = cCompare2 + 24; } else if (cCompare2 < 121) { cCompare = (2 * cCompare2) - 128; } else cCompare = cCompare2; } else cCompare = cCompare2; if (cRef < 65) { return cCompare - cRef; } if (cRef < 89) { return cCompare - ((2 * cRef) - 65); } if (cRef < 97) { return cCompare - (cRef + 24); } if (cRef < 121) { return cCompare - ((2 * cRef) - 128); } return cCompare - cRef; } */ /** * The default number of values returned by the matchAlmost * method. */ private int defaultNumReturnValues = -1; /** * the number of differences allowed in a call to the * matchAlmostKey method. */ private int matchAlmostDiff; /** The base node in the trie. */ private TSTNode rootNode; /** * Constructs an empty Ternary Search Trie. */ public JaspellTernarySearchTrie() { } // for loading void setRoot(TSTNode newRoot) { rootNode = newRoot; } // for saving TSTNode getRoot() { return rootNode; } /** * Constructs a Ternary Search Trie and loads data from a File * into the Trie. The file is a normal text document, where each line is of * the form word TAB float. * *@param file * The File with the data to load into the Trie. *@exception IOException * A problem occured while reading the data. */ public JaspellTernarySearchTrie(File file) throws IOException { this(file, false); } /** * Constructs a Ternary Search Trie and loads data from a File * into the Trie. The file is a normal text document, where each line is of * the form "word TAB float". * *@param file * The File with the data to load into the Trie. *@param compression * If true, the file is compressed with the GZIP algorithm, and if * false, the file is a normal text document. *@exception IOException * A problem occured while reading the data. */ public JaspellTernarySearchTrie(File file, boolean compression) throws IOException { this(); BufferedReader in; if (compression) in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new GZIPInputStream( new FileInputStream(file)))); else in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((new FileInputStream( file)))); String word; int pos; Float occur, one = new Float(1); int numWords = 0; while ((word = in.readLine()) != null) { numWords++; pos = word.indexOf("\t"); occur = one; if (pos != -1) { occur = Float.parseFloat(word.substring(pos + 1).trim()); word = word.substring(0, pos); } String key = word.toLowerCase(); if (rootNode == null) { rootNode = new TSTNode(key.charAt(0), null); } TSTNode node = null; if (key.length() > 0 && rootNode != null) { TSTNode currentNode = rootNode; int charIndex = 0; while (true) { if (currentNode == null) break; int charComp = compareCharsAlphabetically(key.charAt(charIndex), currentNode.splitchar); if (charComp == 0) { charIndex++; if (charIndex == key.length()) { node = currentNode; break; } currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID]; } else if (charComp < 0) { currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID]; } else { currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID]; } } Float occur2 = null; if (node != null) occur2 = ((Float) (node.data)); if (occur2 != null) { occur += occur2.floatValue(); } currentNode = getOrCreateNode(word.trim().toLowerCase()); currentNode.data = occur; } } in.close(); } /** * Deletes the node passed in as an argument. If this node has non-null data, * then both the node and the data will be deleted. It also deletes any other * nodes in the trie that are no longer needed after the deletion of the node. * *@param nodeToDelete * The node to delete. */ private void deleteNode(TSTNode nodeToDelete) { if (nodeToDelete == null) { return; } nodeToDelete.data = null; while (nodeToDelete != null) { nodeToDelete = deleteNodeRecursion(nodeToDelete); // deleteNodeRecursion(nodeToDelete); } } /** * Recursively visits each node to be deleted. * * To delete a node, first set its data to null, then pass it into this * method, then pass the node returned by this method into this method (make * sure you don't delete the data of any of the nodes returned from this * method!) and continue in this fashion until the node returned by this * method is null. * * The TSTNode instance returned by this method will be next node to be * operated on by deleteNodeRecursion (This emulates recursive * method call while avoiding the JVM overhead normally associated with a * recursive method.) * *@param currentNode * The node to delete. *@return The next node to be called in deleteNodeRecursion. */ private TSTNode deleteNodeRecursion(TSTNode currentNode) { if (currentNode == null) { return null; } if (currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID] != null || currentNode.data != null) { return null; } // can't delete this node if it has a non-null eq kid or data TSTNode currentParent = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.PARENT]; boolean lokidNull = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID] == null; boolean hikidNull = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID] == null; int childType; if (currentParent.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID] == currentNode) { childType = TSTNode.LOKID; } else if (currentParent.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID] == currentNode) { childType = TSTNode.EQKID; } else if (currentParent.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID] == currentNode) { childType = TSTNode.HIKID; } else { rootNode = null; return null; } if (lokidNull && hikidNull) { currentParent.relatives[childType] = null; return currentParent; } if (lokidNull) { currentParent.relatives[childType] = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID]; currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID].relatives[TSTNode.PARENT] = currentParent; return currentParent; } if (hikidNull) { currentParent.relatives[childType] = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID]; currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID].relatives[TSTNode.PARENT] = currentParent; return currentParent; } int deltaHi = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID].splitchar - currentNode.splitchar; int deltaLo = currentNode.splitchar - currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID].splitchar; int movingKid; TSTNode targetNode; if (deltaHi == deltaLo) { if (Math.random() < 0.5) { deltaHi++; } else { deltaLo++; } } if (deltaHi > deltaLo) { movingKid = TSTNode.HIKID; targetNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID]; } else { movingKid = TSTNode.LOKID; targetNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID]; } while (targetNode.relatives[movingKid] != null) { targetNode = targetNode.relatives[movingKid]; } targetNode.relatives[movingKid] = currentNode.relatives[movingKid]; currentParent.relatives[childType] = targetNode; targetNode.relatives[TSTNode.PARENT] = currentParent; if (!lokidNull) { currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID] = null; } if (!hikidNull) { currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID] = null; } return currentParent; } /** * Retrieve the object indexed by a key. * *@param key * A String index. *@return The object retrieved from the Ternary Search Trie. */ public Object get(CharSequence key) { TSTNode node = getNode(key); if (node == null) { return null; } return node.data; } /** * Retrieve the Float indexed by key, increment it by one unit * and store the new Float. * *@param key * A String index. *@return The Float retrieved from the Ternary Search Trie. */ public Float getAndIncrement(String key) { String key2 = key.trim().toLowerCase(); TSTNode node = getNode(key2); if (node == null) { return null; } Float aux = (Float) (node.data); if (aux == null) { aux = new Float(1); } else { aux = new Float(aux.intValue() + 1); } put(key2, aux); return aux; } /** * Returns the key that indexes the node argument. * *@param node * The node whose index is to be calculated. *@return The String that indexes the node argument. */ protected String getKey(TSTNode node) { StringBuffer getKeyBuffer = new StringBuffer(); getKeyBuffer.setLength(0); getKeyBuffer.append("" + node.splitchar); TSTNode currentNode; TSTNode lastNode; currentNode = node.relatives[TSTNode.PARENT]; lastNode = node; while (currentNode != null) { if (currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID] == lastNode) { getKeyBuffer.append("" + currentNode.splitchar); } lastNode = currentNode; currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.PARENT]; } getKeyBuffer.reverse(); return getKeyBuffer.toString(); } /** * Returns the node indexed by key, or null if that node doesn't * exist. Search begins at root node. * *@param key * A String that indexes the node that is returned. *@return The node object indexed by key. This object is an instance of an * inner class named TernarySearchTrie.TSTNode. */ public TSTNode getNode(CharSequence key) { return getNode(key, rootNode); } /** * Returns the node indexed by key, or null if that node doesn't * exist. The search begins at root node. * *@param key * A String that indexes the node that is returned. *@param startNode * The top node defining the subtrie to be searched. *@return The node object indexed by key. This object is an instance of an * inner class named TernarySearchTrie.TSTNode. */ protected TSTNode getNode(CharSequence key, TSTNode startNode) { if (key == null || startNode == null || key.length() == 0) { return null; } TSTNode currentNode = startNode; int charIndex = 0; while (true) { if (currentNode == null) { return null; } int charComp = compareCharsAlphabetically(key.charAt(charIndex), currentNode.splitchar); if (charComp == 0) { charIndex++; if (charIndex == key.length()) { return currentNode; } currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID]; } else if (charComp < 0) { currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID]; } else { currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID]; } } } /** * Returns the node indexed by key, creating that node if it doesn't exist, * and creating any required intermediate nodes if they don't exist. * *@param key * A String that indexes the node that is returned. *@return The node object indexed by key. This object is an instance of an * inner class named TernarySearchTrie.TSTNode. *@exception NullPointerException * If the key is null. *@exception IllegalArgumentException * If the key is an empty String. */ protected TSTNode getOrCreateNode(CharSequence key) throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException { if (key == null) { throw new NullPointerException( "attempt to get or create node with null key"); } if (key.length() == 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "attempt to get or create node with key of zero length"); } if (rootNode == null) { rootNode = new TSTNode(key.charAt(0), null); } TSTNode currentNode = rootNode; int charIndex = 0; while (true) { int charComp = compareCharsAlphabetically(key.charAt(charIndex), currentNode.splitchar); if (charComp == 0) { charIndex++; if (charIndex == key.length()) { return currentNode; } if (currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID] == null) { currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID] = new TSTNode(key .charAt(charIndex), currentNode); } currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID]; } else if (charComp < 0) { if (currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID] == null) { currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID] = new TSTNode(key .charAt(charIndex), currentNode); } currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID]; } else { if (currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID] == null) { currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID] = new TSTNode(key .charAt(charIndex), currentNode); } currentNode = currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID]; } } } /** * Returns a List of keys that almost match the argument key. * Keys returned will have exactly diff characters that do not match the * target key, where diff is equal to the last value passed in as an argument * to the setMatchAlmostDiff method. *

* If the matchAlmost method is called before the * setMatchAlmostDiff method has been called for the first time, * then diff = 0. * *@param key * The target key. *@return A List with the results. */ public List matchAlmost(String key) { return matchAlmost(key, defaultNumReturnValues); } /** * Returns a List of keys that almost match the argument key. * Keys returned will have exactly diff characters that do not match the * target key, where diff is equal to the last value passed in as an argument * to the setMatchAlmostDiff method. *

* If the matchAlmost method is called before the * setMatchAlmostDiff method has been called for the first time, * then diff = 0. * *@param key * The target key. *@param numReturnValues * The maximum number of values returned by this method. *@return A List with the results */ public List matchAlmost(CharSequence key, int numReturnValues) { return matchAlmostRecursion(rootNode, 0, matchAlmostDiff, key, ((numReturnValues < 0) ? -1 : numReturnValues), new Vector(), false); } /** * Recursivelly vists the nodes in order to find the ones that almost match a * given key. * *@param currentNode * The current node. *@param charIndex * The current char. *@param d * The number of differences so far. *@param matchAlmostNumReturnValues * The maximum number of values in the result List. *@param matchAlmostResult2 * The results so far. *@param upTo * If true all keys having up to and including matchAlmostDiff * mismatched letters will be included in the result (including a key * that is exactly the same as the target string) otherwise keys will * be included in the result only if they have exactly * matchAlmostDiff number of mismatched letters. *@param matchAlmostKey * The key being searched. *@return A List with the results. */ private List matchAlmostRecursion(TSTNode currentNode, int charIndex, int d, CharSequence matchAlmostKey, int matchAlmostNumReturnValues, List matchAlmostResult2, boolean upTo) { if ((currentNode == null) || (matchAlmostNumReturnValues != -1 && matchAlmostResult2.size() >= matchAlmostNumReturnValues) || (d < 0) || (charIndex >= matchAlmostKey.length())) { return matchAlmostResult2; } int charComp = compareCharsAlphabetically(matchAlmostKey.charAt(charIndex), currentNode.splitchar); List matchAlmostResult = matchAlmostResult2; if ((d > 0) || (charComp < 0)) { matchAlmostResult = matchAlmostRecursion( currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID], charIndex, d, matchAlmostKey, matchAlmostNumReturnValues, matchAlmostResult, upTo); } int nextD = (charComp == 0) ? d : d - 1; boolean cond = (upTo) ? (nextD >= 0) : (nextD == 0); if ((matchAlmostKey.length() == charIndex + 1) && cond && (currentNode.data != null)) { matchAlmostResult.add(getKey(currentNode)); } matchAlmostResult = matchAlmostRecursion( currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID], charIndex + 1, nextD, matchAlmostKey, matchAlmostNumReturnValues, matchAlmostResult, upTo); if ((d > 0) || (charComp > 0)) { matchAlmostResult = matchAlmostRecursion( currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID], charIndex, d, matchAlmostKey, matchAlmostNumReturnValues, matchAlmostResult, upTo); } return matchAlmostResult; } /** * Returns an alphabetical List of all keys in the trie that * begin with a given prefix. Only keys for nodes having non-null data are * included in the List. * *@param prefix * Each key returned from this method will begin with the characters * in prefix. *@return A List with the results. */ public List matchPrefix(String prefix) { return matchPrefix(prefix, defaultNumReturnValues); } /** * Returns an alphabetical List of all keys in the trie that * begin with a given prefix. Only keys for nodes having non-null data are * included in the List. * *@param prefix * Each key returned from this method will begin with the characters * in prefix. *@param numReturnValues * The maximum number of values returned from this method. *@return A List with the results */ public List matchPrefix(CharSequence prefix, int numReturnValues) { Vector sortKeysResult = new Vector(); TSTNode startNode = getNode(prefix); if (startNode == null) { return sortKeysResult; } if (startNode.data != null) { sortKeysResult.addElement(getKey(startNode)); } return sortKeysRecursion(startNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID], ((numReturnValues < 0) ? -1 : numReturnValues), sortKeysResult); } /** * Returns the number of nodes in the trie that have non-null data. * *@return The number of nodes in the trie that have non-null data. */ public int numDataNodes() { return numDataNodes(rootNode); } /** * Returns the number of nodes in the subtrie below and including the starting * node. The method counts only nodes that have non-null data. * *@param startingNode * The top node of the subtrie. the node that defines the subtrie. *@return The total number of nodes in the subtrie. */ protected int numDataNodes(TSTNode startingNode) { return recursiveNodeCalculator(startingNode, true, 0); } /** * Returns the total number of nodes in the trie. The method counts nodes * whether or not they have data. * *@return The total number of nodes in the trie. */ public int numNodes() { return numNodes(rootNode); } /** * Returns the total number of nodes in the subtrie below and including the * starting Node. The method counts nodes whether or not they have data. * *@param startingNode * The top node of the subtrie. The node that defines the subtrie. *@return The total number of nodes in the subtrie. */ protected int numNodes(TSTNode startingNode) { return recursiveNodeCalculator(startingNode, false, 0); } /** * Stores a value in the trie. The value may be retrieved using the key. * *@param key * A String that indexes the object to be stored. *@param value * The object to be stored in the Trie. */ public void put(CharSequence key, Object value) { getOrCreateNode(key).data = value; } /** * Recursivelly visists each node to calculate the number of nodes. * *@param currentNode * The current node. *@param checkData * If true we check the data to be different of null. *@param numNodes2 * The number of nodes so far. *@return The number of nodes accounted. */ private int recursiveNodeCalculator(TSTNode currentNode, boolean checkData, int numNodes2) { if (currentNode == null) { return numNodes2; } int numNodes = recursiveNodeCalculator( currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID], checkData, numNodes2); numNodes = recursiveNodeCalculator(currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID], checkData, numNodes); numNodes = recursiveNodeCalculator(currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID], checkData, numNodes); if (checkData) { if (currentNode.data != null) { numNodes++; } } else { numNodes++; } return numNodes; } /** * Removes the value indexed by key. Also removes all nodes that are rendered * unnecessary by the removal of this data. * *@param key * A string that indexes the object to be removed from * the Trie. */ public void remove(String key) { deleteNode(getNode(key.trim().toLowerCase())); } /** * Sets the number of characters by which words can differ from target word * when calling the matchAlmost method. *

* Arguments less than 0 will set the char difference to 0, and arguments * greater than 3 will set the char difference to 3. * *@param diff * The number of characters by which words can differ from target * word. */ public void setMatchAlmostDiff(int diff) { if (diff < 0) { matchAlmostDiff = 0; } else if (diff > 3) { matchAlmostDiff = 3; } else { matchAlmostDiff = diff; } } /** * Sets the default maximum number of values returned from the * matchPrefix and matchAlmost methods. *

* The value should be set this to -1 to get an unlimited number of return * values. note that the methods mentioned above provide overloaded versions * that allow you to specify the maximum number of return values, in which * case this value is temporarily overridden. * **@param num * The number of values that will be returned when calling the * methods above. */ public void setNumReturnValues(int num) { defaultNumReturnValues = (num < 0) ? -1 : num; } /** * Returns keys sorted in alphabetical order. This includes the start Node and * all nodes connected to the start Node. *

* The number of keys returned is limited to numReturnValues. To get a list * that isn't limited in size, set numReturnValues to -1. * *@param startNode * The top node defining the subtrie to be searched. *@param numReturnValues * The maximum number of values returned from this method. *@return A List with the results. */ protected List sortKeys(TSTNode startNode, int numReturnValues) { return sortKeysRecursion(startNode, ((numReturnValues < 0) ? -1 : numReturnValues), new Vector()); } /** * Returns keys sorted in alphabetical order. This includes the current Node * and all nodes connected to the current Node. *

* Sorted keys will be appended to the end of the resulting List. * The result may be empty when this method is invoked, but may not be * null. * *@param currentNode * The current node. *@param sortKeysNumReturnValues * The maximum number of values in the result. *@param sortKeysResult2 * The results so far. *@return A List with the results. */ private List sortKeysRecursion(TSTNode currentNode, int sortKeysNumReturnValues, List sortKeysResult2) { if (currentNode == null) { return sortKeysResult2; } List sortKeysResult = sortKeysRecursion( currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.LOKID], sortKeysNumReturnValues, sortKeysResult2); if (sortKeysNumReturnValues != -1 && sortKeysResult.size() >= sortKeysNumReturnValues) { return sortKeysResult; } if (currentNode.data != null) { sortKeysResult.add(getKey(currentNode)); } sortKeysResult = sortKeysRecursion(currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.EQKID], sortKeysNumReturnValues, sortKeysResult); return sortKeysRecursion(currentNode.relatives[TSTNode.HIKID], sortKeysNumReturnValues, sortKeysResult); } }





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