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The Apache PDFBox library is an open source Java tool for working with PDF documents. This artefact contains examples on how the library can be used.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.pdfbox.examples.pdmodel;

import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocumentCatalog;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocumentInformation;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDMetadata;
import org.apache.xmpbox.XMPMetadata;
import org.apache.xmpbox.schema.AdobePDFSchema;
import org.apache.xmpbox.schema.DublinCoreSchema;
import org.apache.xmpbox.schema.XMPBasicSchema;
import org.apache.xmpbox.xml.XmpSerializer;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;

/**
 * This is an example on how to add metadata to a document.
 *
 * @author Ben Litchfield
 * 
 */
public final class AddMetadataFromDocInfo
{
    private AddMetadataFromDocInfo()
    {
        //utility class
    }

    /**
     * This will print the documents data.
     *
     * @param args The command line arguments.
     *
     * @throws IOException If there is an error parsing the document.
     * @throws TransformerException
     */
    public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException, TransformerException
    {
        if( args.length != 2 )
        {
            usage();
        }
        else
        {
            PDDocument document = null;

            try
            {
                document = PDDocument.load( new File(args[0]) );
                if( document.isEncrypted() )
                {
                    System.err.println( "Error: Cannot add metadata to encrypted document." );
                    System.exit( 1 );
                }
                PDDocumentCatalog catalog = document.getDocumentCatalog();
                PDDocumentInformation info = document.getDocumentInformation();
                
                XMPMetadata metadata = XMPMetadata.createXMPMetadata();

                AdobePDFSchema pdfSchema = metadata.createAndAddAdobePDFSchema();
                pdfSchema.setKeywords( info.getKeywords() );
                pdfSchema.setProducer( info.getProducer() );

                XMPBasicSchema basicSchema = metadata.createAndAddXMPBasicSchema();
                basicSchema.setModifyDate( info.getModificationDate() );
                basicSchema.setCreateDate( info.getCreationDate() );
                basicSchema.setCreatorTool( info.getCreator() );
                basicSchema.setMetadataDate( new GregorianCalendar() );

                DublinCoreSchema dcSchema = metadata.createAndAddDublinCoreSchema();
                dcSchema.setTitle( info.getTitle() );
                dcSchema.addCreator( "PDFBox" );
                dcSchema.setDescription( info.getSubject() );

                PDMetadata metadataStream = new PDMetadata(document);
                catalog.setMetadata( metadataStream );
                
                XmpSerializer serializer = new XmpSerializer();
                ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                serializer.serialize(metadata, baos, false);
                metadataStream.importXMPMetadata( baos.toByteArray() );

                document.save( args[1] );
            }
            finally
            {
                if( document != null )
                {
                    document.close();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * This will print the usage for this document.
     */
    private static void usage()
    {
        System.err.println( "Usage: java " + AddMetadataFromDocInfo.class.getName() + "  " );
    }
}