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Apache XML Security for Java supports XML-Signature Syntax and Processing, W3C Recommendation 12 February 2002, and XML Encryption Syntax and Processing, W3C Recommendation 10 December 2002. As of version 1.4, the library supports the standard Java API JSR-105: XML Digital Signature APIs.

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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.xml.security.encryption;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.xml.security.c14n.Canonicalizer;
import org.apache.xml.security.c14n.InvalidCanonicalizerException;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

/**
 * Converts Strings into Nodes and visa versa.
 *
 * An abstract class for common Serializer functionality
 */
public abstract class AbstractSerializer implements Serializer {

    private final Canonicalizer canon;
    protected final boolean secureValidation;

    protected AbstractSerializer(String canonAlg, boolean secureValidation) throws InvalidCanonicalizerException {
        this.canon = Canonicalizer.getInstance(canonAlg);
        this.secureValidation = secureValidation;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a byte[] representation of the specified
     * Element.
     *
     * @param element the Element to serialize.
     * @return the byte[] representation of the serilaized
     *   Element.
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public byte[] serializeToByteArray(Element element) throws Exception {
        try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
            canon.canonicalizeSubtree(element, baos);
            return baos.toByteArray();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a byte[] representation of the specified
     * NodeList.
     *
     * @param content the NodeList to serialize.
     * @return the byte[] representation of the serialized
     *   NodeList.
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public byte[] serializeToByteArray(NodeList content) throws Exception {
        try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
            for (int i = 0; i < content.getLength(); i++) {
                canon.canonicalizeSubtree(content.item(i), baos);
            }
            return baos.toByteArray();
        }
    }

    protected static byte[] createContext(byte[] source, Node ctx) throws XMLEncryptionException {
        // Create the context to parse the document against
        try (ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(byteArrayOutputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
            outputStreamWriter.write(" storedNamespaces = new HashMap<>();
            Node wk = ctx;
            while (wk != null) {
                NamedNodeMap atts = wk.getAttributes();
                if (atts != null) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < atts.getLength(); ++i) {    //NOPMD
                        Node att = atts.item(i);
                        String nodeName = att.getNodeName();
                        if (("xmlns".equals(nodeName) || nodeName.startsWith("xmlns:"))
                                && !storedNamespaces.containsKey(att.getNodeName())) {
                            outputStreamWriter.write(" ");
                            outputStreamWriter.write(nodeName);
                            outputStreamWriter.write("=\"");
                            outputStreamWriter.write(att.getNodeValue());
                            outputStreamWriter.write("\"");
                            storedNamespaces.put(nodeName, att.getNodeValue());
                        }
                    }
                }
                wk = wk.getParentNode();
            }
            outputStreamWriter.write(">");
            outputStreamWriter.flush();
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(source);

            outputStreamWriter.write("");
            outputStreamWriter.close();

            return byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new XMLEncryptionException(e);
        }
    }

}