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/*
* Licensed to Elasticsearch under one or more contributor
* license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright
* ownership. Elasticsearch licenses this file to you under
* the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
* not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.elasticsearch.common.util;
import com.google.common.math.LongMath;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import org.apache.lucene.store.DataInput;
import org.apache.lucene.store.DataOutput;
import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
import org.apache.lucene.util.RamUsageEstimator;
import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException;
import org.elasticsearch.common.Nullable;
import org.elasticsearch.common.Strings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.hash.MurmurHash3;
import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.SizeValue;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
/**
* A bloom filter. Inspired by Guava bloom filter implementation though with some optimizations.
*/
public class BloomFilter {
/**
* A factory that can use different fpp based on size.
*/
public static class Factory {
public static final Factory DEFAULT = buildDefault();
private static Factory buildDefault() {
// Some numbers:
// 10k =0.001: 140.4kb , 10 Hashes
// 10k =0.01 : 93.6kb , 6 Hashes
// 100k=0.01 : 936.0kb , 6 Hashes
// 100k=0.03 : 712.7kb , 5 Hashes
// 500k=0.01 : 4.5mb , 6 Hashes
// 500k=0.03 : 3.4mb , 5 Hashes
// 500k=0.05 : 2.9mb , 4 Hashes
// 1m=0.01 : 9.1mb , 6 Hashes
// 1m=0.03 : 6.9mb , 5 Hashes
// 1m=0.05 : 5.9mb , 4 Hashes
// 5m=0.01 : 45.7mb , 6 Hashes
// 5m=0.03 : 34.8mb , 5 Hashes
// 5m=0.05 : 29.7mb , 4 Hashes
// 50m=0.01 : 457.0mb , 6 Hashes
// 50m=0.03 : 297.3mb , 4 Hashes
// 50m=0.10 : 228.5mb , 3 Hashes
return buildFromString("10k=0.01,1m=0.03");
}
/**
* Supports just passing fpp, as in "0.01", and also ranges, like "50k=0.01,1m=0.05". If
* its null, returns {@link #buildDefault()}.
*/
public static Factory buildFromString(@Nullable String config) {
if (config == null) {
return buildDefault();
}
String[] sEntries = Strings.splitStringToArray(config, ',');
if (sEntries.length == 0) {
if (config.length() > 0) {
return new Factory(new Entry[]{new Entry(0, Double.parseDouble(config))});
}
return buildDefault();
}
Entry[] entries = new Entry[sEntries.length];
for (int i = 0; i < sEntries.length; i++) {
int index = sEntries[i].indexOf('=');
entries[i] = new Entry(
(int) SizeValue.parseSizeValue(sEntries[i].substring(0, index).trim()).singles(),
Double.parseDouble(sEntries[i].substring(index + 1).trim())
);
}
return new Factory(entries);
}
private final Entry[] entries;
public Factory(Entry[] entries) {
this.entries = entries;
// the order is from the upper most expected insertions to the lowest
Arrays.sort(this.entries, new Comparator() {
@Override
public int compare(Entry o1, Entry o2) {
return o2.expectedInsertions - o1.expectedInsertions;
}
});
}
public BloomFilter createFilter(int expectedInsertions) {
for (Entry entry : entries) {
if (expectedInsertions > entry.expectedInsertions) {
return BloomFilter.create(expectedInsertions, entry.fpp);
}
}
return BloomFilter.create(expectedInsertions, 0.03);
}
public static class Entry {
public final int expectedInsertions;
public final double fpp;
Entry(int expectedInsertions, double fpp) {
this.expectedInsertions = expectedInsertions;
this.fpp = fpp;
}
}
}
/**
* Creates a bloom filter based on the with the expected number
* of insertions and expected false positive probability.
*
* @param expectedInsertions the number of expected insertions to the constructed
* @param fpp the desired false positive probability (must be positive and less than 1.0)
*/
public static BloomFilter create(int expectedInsertions, double fpp) {
return create(expectedInsertions, fpp, -1);
}
/**
* Creates a bloom filter based on the expected number of insertions, expected false positive probability,
* and number of hash functions.
*
* @param expectedInsertions the number of expected insertions to the constructed
* @param fpp the desired false positive probability (must be positive and less than 1.0)
* @param numHashFunctions the number of hash functions to use (must be less than or equal to 255)
*/
public static BloomFilter create(int expectedInsertions, double fpp, int numHashFunctions) {
if (expectedInsertions == 0) {
expectedInsertions = 1;
}
/*
* TODO(user): Put a warning in the javadoc about tiny fpp values,
* since the resulting size is proportional to -log(p), but there is not
* much of a point after all, e.g. optimalM(1000, 0.0000000000000001) = 76680
* which is less that 10kb. Who cares!
*/
long numBits = optimalNumOfBits(expectedInsertions, fpp);
// calculate the optimal number of hash functions
if (numHashFunctions == -1) {
numHashFunctions = optimalNumOfHashFunctions(expectedInsertions, numBits);
}
try {
return new BloomFilter(new BitArray(numBits), numHashFunctions, Hashing.DEFAULT);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not create BloomFilter of " + numBits + " bits", e);
}
}
public static BloomFilter deserialize(DataInput in) throws IOException {
int version = in.readInt(); // we do nothing with this now..., defaults to 0
int numLongs = in.readInt();
long[] data = new long[numLongs];
for (int i = 0; i < numLongs; i++) {
data[i] = in.readLong();
}
int numberOfHashFunctions = in.readInt();
int hashType = in.readInt();
return new BloomFilter(new BitArray(data), numberOfHashFunctions, Hashing.fromType(hashType));
}
public static void serilaize(BloomFilter filter, DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeInt(0); // version
BitArray bits = filter.bits;
out.writeInt(bits.data.length);
for (long l : bits.data) {
out.writeLong(l);
}
out.writeInt(filter.numHashFunctions);
out.writeInt(filter.hashing.type()); // hashType
}
public static BloomFilter readFrom(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
int version = in.readVInt(); // we do nothing with this now..., defaults to 0
int numLongs = in.readVInt();
long[] data = new long[numLongs];
for (int i = 0; i < numLongs; i++) {
data[i] = in.readLong();
}
int numberOfHashFunctions = in.readVInt();
int hashType = in.readVInt(); // again, nothing to do now...
return new BloomFilter(new BitArray(data), numberOfHashFunctions, Hashing.fromType(hashType));
}
public static void writeTo(BloomFilter filter, StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeVInt(0); // version
BitArray bits = filter.bits;
out.writeVInt(bits.data.length);
for (long l : bits.data) {
out.writeLong(l);
}
out.writeVInt(filter.numHashFunctions);
out.writeVInt(filter.hashing.type()); // hashType
}
/**
* The bit set of the BloomFilter (not necessarily power of 2!)
*/
final BitArray bits;
/**
* Number of hashes per element
*/
final int numHashFunctions;
final Hashing hashing;
BloomFilter(BitArray bits, int numHashFunctions, Hashing hashing) {
this.bits = bits;
this.numHashFunctions = numHashFunctions;
this.hashing = hashing;
/*
* This only exists to forbid BFs that cannot use the compact persistent representation.
* If it ever throws, at a user who was not intending to use that representation, we should
* reconsider
*/
if (numHashFunctions > 255) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Currently we don't allow BloomFilters that would use more than 255 hash functions");
}
}
public boolean put(BytesRef value) {
return hashing.put(value, numHashFunctions, bits);
}
public boolean mightContain(BytesRef value) {
return hashing.mightContain(value, numHashFunctions, bits);
}
public int getNumHashFunctions() {
return this.numHashFunctions;
}
public long getSizeInBytes() {
return bits.ramBytesUsed();
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return bits.hashCode() + numHashFunctions;
}
/*
* Cheat sheet:
*
* m: total bits
* n: expected insertions
* b: m/n, bits per insertion
* p: expected false positive probability
*
* 1) Optimal k = b * ln2
* 2) p = (1 - e ^ (-kn/m))^k
* 3) For optimal k: p = 2 ^ (-k) ~= 0.6185^b
* 4) For optimal k: m = -nlnp / ((ln2) ^ 2)
*/
/**
* Computes the optimal k (number of hashes per element inserted in Bloom filter), given the
* expected insertions and total number of bits in the Bloom filter.
*
* See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bloom_filter_fp_probability.svg for the formula.
*
* @param n expected insertions (must be positive)
* @param m total number of bits in Bloom filter (must be positive)
*/
static int optimalNumOfHashFunctions(long n, long m) {
return Math.max(1, (int) Math.round(m / n * Math.log(2)));
}
/**
* Computes m (total bits of Bloom filter) which is expected to achieve, for the specified
* expected insertions, the required false positive probability.
*
* See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter#Probability_of_false_positives for the formula.
*
* @param n expected insertions (must be positive)
* @param p false positive rate (must be 0 < p < 1)
*/
static long optimalNumOfBits(long n, double p) {
if (p == 0) {
p = Double.MIN_VALUE;
}
return (long) (-n * Math.log(p) / (Math.log(2) * Math.log(2)));
}
// Note: We use this instead of java.util.BitSet because we need access to the long[] data field
static final class BitArray {
final long[] data;
final long bitSize;
long bitCount;
BitArray(long bits) {
this(new long[Ints.checkedCast(LongMath.divide(bits, 64, RoundingMode.CEILING))]);
}
// Used by serialization
BitArray(long[] data) {
this.data = data;
long bitCount = 0;
for (long value : data) {
bitCount += Long.bitCount(value);
}
this.bitCount = bitCount;
this.bitSize = data.length * Long.SIZE;
}
/** Returns true if the bit changed value. */
boolean set(long index) {
if (!get(index)) {
data[(int) (index >>> 6)] |= (1L << index);
bitCount++;
return true;
}
return false;
}
boolean get(long index) {
return (data[(int) (index >>> 6)] & (1L << index)) != 0;
}
/** Number of bits */
long bitSize() {
return bitSize;
}
/** Number of set bits (1s) */
long bitCount() {
return bitCount;
}
BitArray copy() {
return new BitArray(data.clone());
}
/** Combines the two BitArrays using bitwise OR. */
void putAll(BitArray array) {
bitCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
data[i] |= array.data[i];
bitCount += Long.bitCount(data[i]);
}
}
@Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o instanceof BitArray) {
BitArray bitArray = (BitArray) o;
return Arrays.equals(data, bitArray.data);
}
return false;
}
@Override public int hashCode() {
return Arrays.hashCode(data);
}
public long ramBytesUsed() {
return RamUsageEstimator.NUM_BYTES_LONG * data.length + RamUsageEstimator.NUM_BYTES_ARRAY_HEADER + 16;
}
}
static enum Hashing {
V0() {
@Override
protected boolean put(BytesRef value, int numHashFunctions, BitArray bits) {
long bitSize = bits.bitSize();
long hash64 = hash3_x64_128(value.bytes, value.offset, value.length, 0);
int hash1 = (int) hash64;
int hash2 = (int) (hash64 >>> 32);
boolean bitsChanged = false;
for (int i = 1; i <= numHashFunctions; i++) {
int nextHash = hash1 + i * hash2;
if (nextHash < 0) {
nextHash = ~nextHash;
}
bitsChanged |= bits.set(nextHash % bitSize);
}
return bitsChanged;
}
@Override
protected boolean mightContain(BytesRef value, int numHashFunctions, BitArray bits) {
long bitSize = bits.bitSize();
long hash64 = hash3_x64_128(value.bytes, value.offset, value.length, 0);
int hash1 = (int) hash64;
int hash2 = (int) (hash64 >>> 32);
for (int i = 1; i <= numHashFunctions; i++) {
int nextHash = hash1 + i * hash2;
if (nextHash < 0) {
nextHash = ~nextHash;
}
if (!bits.get(nextHash % bitSize)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
protected int type() {
return 0;
}
},
V1() {
@Override
protected boolean put(BytesRef value, int numHashFunctions, BitArray bits) {
long bitSize = bits.bitSize();
MurmurHash3.Hash128 hash128 = MurmurHash3.hash128(value.bytes, value.offset, value.length, 0, new MurmurHash3.Hash128());
boolean bitsChanged = false;
long combinedHash = hash128.h1;
for (int i = 0; i < numHashFunctions; i++) {
// Make the combined hash positive and indexable
bitsChanged |= bits.set((combinedHash & Long.MAX_VALUE) % bitSize);
combinedHash += hash128.h2;
}
return bitsChanged;
}
@Override
protected boolean mightContain(BytesRef value, int numHashFunctions, BitArray bits) {
long bitSize = bits.bitSize();
MurmurHash3.Hash128 hash128 = MurmurHash3.hash128(value.bytes, value.offset, value.length, 0, new MurmurHash3.Hash128());
long combinedHash = hash128.h1;
for (int i = 0; i < numHashFunctions; i++) {
// Make the combined hash positive and indexable
if (!bits.get((combinedHash & Long.MAX_VALUE) % bitSize)) {
return false;
}
combinedHash += hash128.h2;
}
return true;
}
@Override
protected int type() {
return 1;
}
}
;
protected abstract boolean put(BytesRef value, int numHashFunctions, BitArray bits);
protected abstract boolean mightContain(BytesRef value, int numHashFunctions, BitArray bits);
protected abstract int type();
public static final Hashing DEFAULT = Hashing.V1;
public static Hashing fromType(int type) {
if (type == 0) {
return Hashing.V0;
} if (type == 1) {
return Hashing.V1;
} else {
throw new ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException("no hashing type matching " + type);
}
}
}
// START : MURMUR 3_128 USED FOR Hashing.V0
// NOTE: don't replace this code with the o.e.common.hashing.MurmurHash3 method which returns a different hash
protected static long getblock(byte[] key, int offset, int index) {
int i_8 = index << 3;
int blockOffset = offset + i_8;
return ((long) key[blockOffset + 0] & 0xff) + (((long) key[blockOffset + 1] & 0xff) << 8) +
(((long) key[blockOffset + 2] & 0xff) << 16) + (((long) key[blockOffset + 3] & 0xff) << 24) +
(((long) key[blockOffset + 4] & 0xff) << 32) + (((long) key[blockOffset + 5] & 0xff) << 40) +
(((long) key[blockOffset + 6] & 0xff) << 48) + (((long) key[blockOffset + 7] & 0xff) << 56);
}
protected static long rotl64(long v, int n) {
return ((v << n) | (v >>> (64 - n)));
}
protected static long fmix(long k) {
k ^= k >>> 33;
k *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccdL;
k ^= k >>> 33;
k *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53L;
k ^= k >>> 33;
return k;
}
public static long hash3_x64_128(byte[] key, int offset, int length, long seed) {
final int nblocks = length >> 4; // Process as 128-bit blocks.
long h1 = seed;
long h2 = seed;
long c1 = 0x87c37b91114253d5L;
long c2 = 0x4cf5ad432745937fL;
//----------
// body
for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
long k1 = getblock(key, offset, i * 2 + 0);
long k2 = getblock(key, offset, i * 2 + 1);
k1 *= c1;
k1 = rotl64(k1, 31);
k1 *= c2;
h1 ^= k1;
h1 = rotl64(h1, 27);
h1 += h2;
h1 = h1 * 5 + 0x52dce729;
k2 *= c2;
k2 = rotl64(k2, 33);
k2 *= c1;
h2 ^= k2;
h2 = rotl64(h2, 31);
h2 += h1;
h2 = h2 * 5 + 0x38495ab5;
}
//----------
// tail
// Advance offset to the unprocessed tail of the data.
offset += nblocks * 16;
long k1 = 0;
long k2 = 0;
switch (length & 15) {
case 15:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 14]) << 48;
case 14:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 13]) << 40;
case 13:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 12]) << 32;
case 12:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 11]) << 24;
case 11:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 10]) << 16;
case 10:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 9]) << 8;
case 9:
k2 ^= ((long) key[offset + 8]) << 0;
k2 *= c2;
k2 = rotl64(k2, 33);
k2 *= c1;
h2 ^= k2;
case 8:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 7]) << 56;
case 7:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 6]) << 48;
case 6:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 5]) << 40;
case 5:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 4]) << 32;
case 4:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 3]) << 24;
case 3:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 2]) << 16;
case 2:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset + 1]) << 8;
case 1:
k1 ^= ((long) key[offset]);
k1 *= c1;
k1 = rotl64(k1, 31);
k1 *= c2;
h1 ^= k1;
}
//----------
// finalization
h1 ^= length;
h2 ^= length;
h1 += h2;
h2 += h1;
h1 = fmix(h1);
h2 = fmix(h2);
h1 += h2;
h2 += h1;
//return (new long[]{h1, h2});
// SAME AS GUAVA, they take the first long out of the 128bit
return h1;
}
// END: MURMUR 3_128
}