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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.io;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import org.apache.commons.io.function.IOConsumer;
import org.apache.commons.io.output.AppendableWriter;
import org.apache.commons.io.output.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import org.apache.commons.io.output.NullOutputStream;
import org.apache.commons.io.output.StringBuilderWriter;
/**
* General IO stream manipulation utilities.
*
* This class provides static utility methods for input/output operations.
*
* - [Deprecated] closeQuietly - these methods close a stream ignoring nulls and exceptions
*
- toXxx/read - these methods read data from a stream
*
- write - these methods write data to a stream
*
- copy - these methods copy all the data from one stream to another
*
- contentEquals - these methods compare the content of two streams
*
*
* The byte-to-char methods and char-to-byte methods involve a conversion step.
* Two methods are provided in each case, one that uses the platform default
* encoding and the other which allows you to specify an encoding. You are
* encouraged to always specify an encoding because relying on the platform
* default can lead to unexpected results, for example when moving from
* development to production.
*
* All the methods in this class that read a stream are buffered internally.
* This means that there is no cause to use a BufferedInputStream
* or BufferedReader. The default buffer size of 4K has been shown
* to be efficient in tests.
*
* The various copy methods all delegate the actual copying to one of the following methods:
*
* - {@link #copyLarge(InputStream, OutputStream, byte[])}
* - {@link #copyLarge(InputStream, OutputStream, long, long, byte[])}
* - {@link #copyLarge(Reader, Writer, char[])}
* - {@link #copyLarge(Reader, Writer, long, long, char[])}
*
* For example, {@link #copy(InputStream, OutputStream)} calls {@link #copyLarge(InputStream, OutputStream)}
* which calls {@link #copy(InputStream, OutputStream, int)} which creates the buffer and calls
* {@link #copyLarge(InputStream, OutputStream, byte[])}.
*
* Applications can re-use buffers by using the underlying methods directly.
* This may improve performance for applications that need to do a lot of copying.
*
* Wherever possible, the methods in this class do not flush or close
* the stream. This is to avoid making non-portable assumptions about the
* streams' origin and further use. Thus the caller is still responsible for
* closing streams after use.
*
* Origin of code: Excalibur.
*/
public class IOUtils {
// NOTE: This class is focused on InputStream, OutputStream, Reader and
// Writer. Each method should take at least one of these as a parameter,
// or return one of them.
private static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];
/**
* The default buffer size ({@value}) to use in copy methods.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
/**
* The system directory separator character.
*/
public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR = File.separatorChar;
/**
* The Unix directory separator character.
*/
public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX = '/';
/**
* The Windows directory separator character.
*/
public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS = '\\';
/**
* Represents the end-of-file (or stream).
* @since 2.5 (made public)
*/
public static final int EOF = -1;
/**
* The system line separator string.
*
* @deprecated Use {@link System#lineSeparator()}.
*/
@Deprecated
public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.lineSeparator();
/**
* The Unix line separator string.
*/
public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX = "\n";
/**
* The Windows line separator string.
*/
public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS = "\r\n";
/**
* The default buffer to use for the skip() methods.
*/
private static final byte[] SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
// Allocated in the relevant skip method if necessary.
/*
* These buffers are static and are shared between threads.
* This is possible because the buffers are write-only - the contents are never read.
*
* N.B. there is no need to synchronize when creating these because:
* - we don't care if the buffer is created multiple times (the data is ignored)
* - we always use the same size buffer, so if it it is recreated it will still be OK
* (if the buffer size were variable, we would need to synch. to ensure some other thread
* did not create a smaller one)
*/
private static char[] SKIP_CHAR_BUFFER;
/**
* Returns the given InputStream if it is already a {@link BufferedInputStream}, otherwise creates a
* BufferedInputStream from the given InputStream.
*
* @param inputStream the InputStream to wrap or return (not null)
* @return the given InputStream or a new {@link BufferedInputStream} for the given InputStream
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource") // parameter null check
public static BufferedInputStream buffer(final InputStream inputStream) {
// reject null early on rather than waiting for IO operation to fail
// not checked by BufferedInputStream
Objects.requireNonNull(inputStream, "inputStream");
return inputStream instanceof BufferedInputStream ?
(BufferedInputStream) inputStream : new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
}
/**
* Returns the given InputStream if it is already a {@link BufferedInputStream}, otherwise creates a
* BufferedInputStream from the given InputStream.
*
* @param inputStream the InputStream to wrap or return (not null)
* @param size the buffer size, if a new BufferedInputStream is created.
* @return the given InputStream or a new {@link BufferedInputStream} for the given InputStream
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource") // parameter null check
public static BufferedInputStream buffer(final InputStream inputStream, final int size) {
// reject null early on rather than waiting for IO operation to fail
// not checked by BufferedInputStream
Objects.requireNonNull(inputStream, "inputStream");
return inputStream instanceof BufferedInputStream ?
(BufferedInputStream) inputStream : new BufferedInputStream(inputStream, size);
}
/**
* Returns the given OutputStream if it is already a {@link BufferedOutputStream}, otherwise creates a
* BufferedOutputStream from the given OutputStream.
*
* @param outputStream the OutputStream to wrap or return (not null)
* @return the given OutputStream or a new {@link BufferedOutputStream} for the given OutputStream
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource") // parameter null check
public static BufferedOutputStream buffer(final OutputStream outputStream) {
// reject null early on rather than waiting for IO operation to fail
// not checked by BufferedInputStream
Objects.requireNonNull(outputStream, "outputStream");
return outputStream instanceof BufferedOutputStream ?
(BufferedOutputStream) outputStream : new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream);
}
/**
* Returns the given OutputStream if it is already a {@link BufferedOutputStream}, otherwise creates a
* BufferedOutputStream from the given OutputStream.
*
* @param outputStream the OutputStream to wrap or return (not null)
* @param size the buffer size, if a new BufferedOutputStream is created.
* @return the given OutputStream or a new {@link BufferedOutputStream} for the given OutputStream
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource") // parameter null check
public static BufferedOutputStream buffer(final OutputStream outputStream, final int size) {
// reject null early on rather than waiting for IO operation to fail
// not checked by BufferedInputStream
Objects.requireNonNull(outputStream, "outputStream");
return outputStream instanceof BufferedOutputStream ?
(BufferedOutputStream) outputStream : new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream, size);
}
/**
* Returns the given reader if it is already a {@link BufferedReader}, otherwise creates a BufferedReader from
* the given reader.
*
* @param reader the reader to wrap or return (not null)
* @return the given reader or a new {@link BufferedReader} for the given reader
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
public static BufferedReader buffer(final Reader reader) {
return reader instanceof BufferedReader ? (BufferedReader) reader : new BufferedReader(reader);
}
/**
* Returns the given reader if it is already a {@link BufferedReader}, otherwise creates a BufferedReader from the
* given reader.
*
* @param reader the reader to wrap or return (not null)
* @param size the buffer size, if a new BufferedReader is created.
* @return the given reader or a new {@link BufferedReader} for the given reader
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
public static BufferedReader buffer(final Reader reader, final int size) {
return reader instanceof BufferedReader ? (BufferedReader) reader : new BufferedReader(reader, size);
}
/**
* Returns the given Writer if it is already a {@link BufferedWriter}, otherwise creates a BufferedWriter from the
* given Writer.
*
* @param writer the Writer to wrap or return (not null)
* @return the given Writer or a new {@link BufferedWriter} for the given Writer
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
public static BufferedWriter buffer(final Writer writer) {
return writer instanceof BufferedWriter ? (BufferedWriter) writer : new BufferedWriter(writer);
}
/**
* Returns the given Writer if it is already a {@link BufferedWriter}, otherwise creates a BufferedWriter from the
* given Writer.
*
* @param writer the Writer to wrap or return (not null)
* @param size the buffer size, if a new BufferedWriter is created.
* @return the given Writer or a new {@link BufferedWriter} for the given Writer
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.5
*/
public static BufferedWriter buffer(final Writer writer, final int size) {
return writer instanceof BufferedWriter ? (BufferedWriter) writer : new BufferedWriter(writer, size);
}
/**
* Closes the given {@link Closeable} as a null-safe operation.
*
* @param closeable The resource to close, may be null.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static void close(final Closeable closeable) throws IOException {
if (closeable != null) {
closeable.close();
}
}
/**
* Closes the given {@link Closeable} as a null-safe operation.
*
* @param closeables The resource(s) to close, may be null.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
* @since 2.8.0
*/
public static void close(final Closeable... closeables) throws IOException {
if (closeables != null) {
for (final Closeable closeable : closeables) {
close(closeable);
}
}
}
/**
* Closes the given {@link Closeable} as a null-safe operation.
*
* @param closeable The resource to close, may be null.
* @param consumer Consume the IOException thrown by {@link Closeable#close()}.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static void close(final Closeable closeable, final IOConsumer consumer) throws IOException {
if (closeable != null) {
try {
closeable.close();
} catch (final IOException e) {
if (consumer != null) {
consumer.accept(e);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Closes a URLConnection.
*
* @param conn the connection to close.
* @since 2.4
*/
public static void close(final URLConnection conn) {
if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) {
((HttpURLConnection) conn).disconnect();
}
}
/**
* Closes a Closeable unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link Closeable#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in
* finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
*
* Closeable closeable = null;
* try {
* closeable = new FileReader("foo.txt");
* // process closeable
* closeable.close();
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(closeable);
* }
*
*
* Closing all streams:
*
*
* try {
* return IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outputStream);
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(outputStream);
* }
*
*
* @param closeable the objects to close, may be null or already closed
* @since 2.0
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final Closeable closeable) {
closeQuietly(closeable, (Consumer) null);
}
/**
* Closes a Closeable unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link Closeable#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
*
* This is typically used in finally blocks to ensure that the closeable is closed
* even if an Exception was thrown before the normal close statement was reached.
*
* It should not be used to replace the close statement(s)
* which should be present for the non-exceptional case.
*
* It is only intended to simplify tidying up where normal processing has already failed
* and reporting close failure as well is not necessary or useful.
*
* Example code:
*
*
* Closeable closeable = null;
* try {
* closeable = new FileReader("foo.txt");
* // processing using the closeable; may throw an Exception
* closeable.close(); // Normal close - exceptions not ignored
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(closeable); // In case normal close was skipped due to Exception
* }
*
*
* Closing all streams:
*
*
* try {
* return IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outputStream);
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream, outputStream);
* }
*
*
* @param closeables the objects to close, may be null or already closed
* @see #closeQuietly(Closeable)
* @since 2.5
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final Closeable... closeables) {
if (closeables == null) {
return;
}
for (final Closeable closeable : closeables) {
closeQuietly(closeable);
}
}
/**
* Closes the given {@link Closeable} as a null-safe operation while consuming IOException by the given {@code consumer}.
*
* @param closeable The resource to close, may be null.
* @param consumer Consumes the IOException thrown by {@link Closeable#close()}.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static void closeQuietly(final Closeable closeable, final Consumer consumer) {
if (closeable != null) {
try {
closeable.close();
} catch (final IOException e) {
if (consumer != null) {
consumer.accept(e);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Closes an InputStream unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link InputStream#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* byte[] data = new byte[1024];
* InputStream in = null;
* try {
* in = new FileInputStream("foo.txt");
* in.read(data);
* in.close(); //close errors are handled
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
* }
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to close, may be null or already closed
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final InputStream input) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) input);
}
/**
* Closes an OutputStream unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link OutputStream#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* byte[] data = "Hello, World".getBytes();
*
* OutputStream out = null;
* try {
* out = new FileOutputStream("foo.txt");
* out.write(data);
* out.close(); //close errors are handled
* } catch (IOException e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
* }
*
*
* @param output the OutputStream to close, may be null or already closed
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final OutputStream output) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) output);
}
/**
* Closes an Reader unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link Reader#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* char[] data = new char[1024];
* Reader in = null;
* try {
* in = new FileReader("foo.txt");
* in.read(data);
* in.close(); //close errors are handled
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
* }
*
*
* @param input the Reader to close, may be null or already closed
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final Reader input) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) input);
}
/**
* Closes a Selector unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link Selector#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* Selector selector = null;
* try {
* selector = Selector.open();
* // process socket
*
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(selector);
* }
*
*
* @param selector the Selector to close, may be null or already closed
* @since 2.2
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final Selector selector) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) selector);
}
/**
* Closes a ServerSocket unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link ServerSocket#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* ServerSocket socket = null;
* try {
* socket = new ServerSocket();
* // process socket
* socket.close();
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
* }
*
*
* @param serverSocket the ServerSocket to close, may be null or already closed
* @since 2.2
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final ServerSocket serverSocket) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) serverSocket);
}
/**
* Closes a Socket unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link Socket#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* Socket socket = null;
* try {
* socket = new Socket("http://www.foo.com/", 80);
* // process socket
* socket.close();
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
* }
*
*
* @param socket the Socket to close, may be null or already closed
* @since 2.0
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final Socket socket) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) socket);
}
/**
* Closes an Writer unconditionally.
*
* Equivalent to {@link Writer#close()}, except any exceptions will be ignored.
* This is typically used in finally blocks.
*
* Example code:
*
* Writer out = null;
* try {
* out = new StringWriter();
* out.write("Hello World");
* out.close(); //close errors are handled
* } catch (Exception e) {
* // error handling
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
* }
*
*
* @param output the Writer to close, may be null or already closed
*
* @deprecated As of 2.6 deprecated without replacement. Please use the try-with-resources statement or handle
* suppressed exceptions manually.
* @see Throwable#addSuppressed(java.lang.Throwable)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void closeQuietly(final Writer output) {
closeQuietly((Closeable) output);
}
/**
* Consumes bytes from a InputStream and ignores them.
*
* The buffer size is given by {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @return the number of bytes copied. or {@code 0} if {@code input is null}.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.8.0
*/
public static long consume(final InputStream input)
throws IOException {
return copyLarge(input, NullOutputStream.NULL_OUTPUT_STREAM, SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER);
}
/**
* Compares the contents of two Streams to determine if they are equal or
* not.
*
* This method buffers the input internally using
* BufferedInputStream if they are not already buffered.
*
*
* @param input1 the first stream
* @param input2 the second stream
* @return true if the content of the streams are equal or they both don't
* exist, false otherwise
* @throws NullPointerException if either input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static boolean contentEquals(final InputStream input1, final InputStream input2)
throws IOException {
if (input1 == input2) {
return true;
}
if (input1 == null ^ input2 == null) {
return false;
}
final BufferedInputStream bufferedInput1 = buffer(input1);
final BufferedInputStream bufferedInput2 = buffer(input2);
int ch = bufferedInput1.read();
while (EOF != ch) {
final int ch2 = bufferedInput2.read();
if (ch != ch2) {
return false;
}
ch = bufferedInput1.read();
}
return bufferedInput2.read() == EOF;
}
/**
* Compares the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or
* not.
*
* This method buffers the input internally using
* BufferedReader if they are not already buffered.
*
*
* @param input1 the first reader
* @param input2 the second reader
* @return true if the content of the readers are equal or they both don't
* exist, false otherwise
* @throws NullPointerException if either input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static boolean contentEquals(final Reader input1, final Reader input2)
throws IOException {
if (input1 == input2) {
return true;
}
if (input1 == null ^ input2 == null) {
return false;
}
final BufferedReader bufferedInput1 = toBufferedReader(input1);
final BufferedReader bufferedInput2 = toBufferedReader(input2);
int ch = bufferedInput1.read();
while (EOF != ch) {
final int ch2 = bufferedInput2.read();
if (ch != ch2) {
return false;
}
ch = bufferedInput1.read();
}
return bufferedInput2.read() == EOF;
}
/**
* Compares the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or
* not, ignoring EOL characters.
*
* This method buffers the input internally using
* BufferedReader if they are not already buffered.
*
* @param input1 the first reader
* @param input2 the second reader
* @return true if the content of the readers are equal (ignoring EOL differences), false otherwise
* @throws NullPointerException if either input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static boolean contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(final Reader input1, final Reader input2)
throws IOException {
if (input1 == input2) {
return true;
}
if (input1 == null ^ input2 == null) {
return false;
}
final BufferedReader br1 = toBufferedReader(input1);
final BufferedReader br2 = toBufferedReader(input2);
String line1 = br1.readLine();
String line2 = br2.readLine();
while (line1 != null && line1.equals(line2)) {
line1 = br1.readLine();
line2 = br2.readLine();
}
return Objects.equals(line1, line2);
}
/**
* Copies bytes from an InputStream to an
* OutputStream.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* Large streams (over 2GB) will return a bytes copied value of
* -1 after the copy has completed since the correct
* number of bytes cannot be returned as an int. For large streams
* use the copyLarge(InputStream, OutputStream) method.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @return the number of bytes copied, or -1 if > Integer.MAX_VALUE, or {@code 0} if {@code input is null}.
* @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static int copy(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
final long count = copyLarge(input, output);
if (count > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
return -1;
}
return (int) count;
}
/**
* Copies bytes from an InputStream to an OutputStream using an internal buffer of the
* given size.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param bufferSize the bufferSize used to copy from the input to the output
* @return the number of bytes copied. or {@code 0} if {@code input is null}.
* @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.5
*/
public static long copy(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output, final int bufferSize)
throws IOException {
return copyLarge(input, output, new byte[bufferSize]);
}
/**
* Copies bytes from an InputStream to chars on a
* Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* This method uses {@link InputStreamReader}.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #copy(InputStream, Writer, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void copy(final InputStream input, final Writer output)
throws IOException {
copy(input, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Copies bytes from an InputStream to chars on a
* Writer using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* This method uses {@link InputStreamReader}.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param inputCharset the charset to use for the input stream, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void copy(final InputStream input, final Writer output, final Charset inputCharset)
throws IOException {
final InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(input, Charsets.toCharset(inputCharset));
copy(in, output);
}
/**
* Copies bytes from an InputStream to chars on a
* Writer using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method uses {@link InputStreamReader}.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param inputCharsetName the name of the requested charset for the InputStream, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void copy(final InputStream input, final Writer output, final String inputCharsetName)
throws IOException {
copy(input, output, Charsets.toCharset(inputCharsetName));
}
/**
* Copies chars from a Reader to a Appendable.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* Large streams (over 2GB) will return a chars copied value of
* -1 after the copy has completed since the correct
* number of chars cannot be returned as an int. For large streams
* use the copyLarge(Reader, Writer) method.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Appendable to write to
* @return the number of characters copied, or -1 if > Integer.MAX_VALUE
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.7
*/
public static long copy(final Reader input, final Appendable output) throws IOException {
return copy(input, output, CharBuffer.allocate(DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE));
}
/**
* Copies chars from a Reader to an Appendable.
*
* This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Appendable to write to
* @param buffer the buffer to be used for the copy
* @return the number of characters copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.7
*/
public static long copy(final Reader input, final Appendable output, final CharBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
long count = 0;
int n;
while (EOF != (n = input.read(buffer))) {
buffer.flip();
output.append(buffer, 0, n);
count += n;
}
return count;
}
/**
* Copies chars from a Reader to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the default character encoding of the
* platform, and calling flush.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a
* flush.
*
* This method uses {@link OutputStreamWriter}.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #copy(Reader, OutputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void copy(final Reader input, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
copy(input, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Copies chars from a Reader to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding, and
* calling flush.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
*
* Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a
* flush.
*
*
* This method uses {@link OutputStreamWriter}.
*
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param outputCharset the charset to use for the OutputStream, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void copy(final Reader input, final OutputStream output, final Charset outputCharset)
throws IOException {
final OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(output, Charsets.toCharset(outputCharset));
copy(input, out);
// XXX Unless anyone is planning on rewriting OutputStreamWriter,
// we have to flush here.
out.flush();
}
/**
* Copies chars from a Reader to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding, and
* calling flush.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a
* flush.
*
* This method uses {@link OutputStreamWriter}.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param outputCharsetName the name of the requested charset for the OutputStream, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void copy(final Reader input, final OutputStream output, final String outputCharsetName)
throws IOException {
copy(input, output, Charsets.toCharset(outputCharsetName));
}
/**
* Copies chars from a Reader to a Writer.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* Large streams (over 2GB) will return a chars copied value of
* -1 after the copy has completed since the correct
* number of chars cannot be returned as an int. For large streams
* use the copyLarge(Reader, Writer) method.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @return the number of characters copied, or -1 if > Integer.MAX_VALUE
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static int copy(final Reader input, final Writer output) throws IOException {
final long count = copyLarge(input, output);
if (count > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
return -1;
}
return (int) count;
}
/**
* Copies bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an
* OutputStream.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* The buffer size is given by {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @return the number of bytes copied. or {@code 0} if {@code input is null}.
* @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.3
*/
public static long copyLarge(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
return copy(input, output, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
}
/**
* Copies bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an
* OutputStream.
*
* This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param buffer the buffer to use for the copy
* @return the number of bytes copied. or {@code 0} if {@code input is null}.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static long copyLarge(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output, final byte[] buffer)
throws IOException {
long count = 0;
if (input != null) {
int n;
while (EOF != (n = input.read(buffer))) {
output.write(buffer, 0, n);
count += n;
}
}
return count;
}
/**
* Copies some or all bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an
* OutputStream, optionally skipping input bytes.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* Note that the implementation uses {@link #skip(InputStream, long)}.
* This means that the method may be considerably less efficient than using the actual skip implementation,
* this is done to guarantee that the correct number of characters are skipped.
*
* The buffer size is given by {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param inputOffset : number of bytes to skip from input before copying
* -ve values are ignored
* @param length : number of bytes to copy. -ve means all
* @return the number of bytes copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static long copyLarge(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output, final long inputOffset,
final long length) throws IOException {
return copyLarge(input, output, inputOffset, length, new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE]);
}
/**
* Copies some or all bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an
* OutputStream, optionally skipping input bytes.
*
* This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* Note that the implementation uses {@link #skip(InputStream, long)}.
* This means that the method may be considerably less efficient than using the actual skip implementation,
* this is done to guarantee that the correct number of characters are skipped.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param inputOffset : number of bytes to skip from input before copying
* -ve values are ignored
* @param length : number of bytes to copy. -ve means all
* @param buffer the buffer to use for the copy
* @return the number of bytes copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static long copyLarge(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output,
final long inputOffset, final long length, final byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
if (inputOffset > 0) {
skipFully(input, inputOffset);
}
if (length == 0) {
return 0;
}
final int bufferLength = buffer.length;
int bytesToRead = bufferLength;
if (length > 0 && length < bufferLength) {
bytesToRead = (int) length;
}
int read;
long totalRead = 0;
while (bytesToRead > 0 && EOF != (read = input.read(buffer, 0, bytesToRead))) {
output.write(buffer, 0, read);
totalRead += read;
if (length > 0) { // only adjust length if not reading to the end
// Note the cast must work because buffer.length is an integer
bytesToRead = (int) Math.min(length - totalRead, bufferLength);
}
}
return totalRead;
}
/**
* Copies chars from a large (over 2GB) Reader to a Writer.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* The buffer size is given by {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @return the number of characters copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.3
*/
public static long copyLarge(final Reader input, final Writer output) throws IOException {
return copyLarge(input, output, new char[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE]);
}
/**
* Copies chars from a large (over 2GB) Reader to a Writer.
*
* This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param buffer the buffer to be used for the copy
* @return the number of characters copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static long copyLarge(final Reader input, final Writer output, final char[] buffer) throws IOException {
long count = 0;
int n;
while (EOF != (n = input.read(buffer))) {
output.write(buffer, 0, n);
count += n;
}
return count;
}
/**
* Copies some or all chars from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an
* OutputStream, optionally skipping input chars.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* The buffer size is given by {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param inputOffset : number of chars to skip from input before copying
* -ve values are ignored
* @param length : number of chars to copy. -ve means all
* @return the number of chars copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static long copyLarge(final Reader input, final Writer output, final long inputOffset, final long length)
throws IOException {
return copyLarge(input, output, inputOffset, length, new char[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE]);
}
/**
* Copies some or all chars from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an
* OutputStream, optionally skipping input chars.
*
* This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param inputOffset : number of chars to skip from input before copying
* -ve values are ignored
* @param length : number of chars to copy. -ve means all
* @param buffer the buffer to be used for the copy
* @return the number of chars copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static long copyLarge(final Reader input, final Writer output, final long inputOffset, final long length,
final char[] buffer)
throws IOException {
if (inputOffset > 0) {
skipFully(input, inputOffset);
}
if (length == 0) {
return 0;
}
int bytesToRead = buffer.length;
if (length > 0 && length < buffer.length) {
bytesToRead = (int) length;
}
int read;
long totalRead = 0;
while (bytesToRead > 0 && EOF != (read = input.read(buffer, 0, bytesToRead))) {
output.write(buffer, 0, read);
totalRead += read;
if (length > 0) { // only adjust length if not reading to the end
// Note the cast must work because buffer.length is an integer
bytesToRead = (int) Math.min(length - totalRead, buffer.length);
}
}
return totalRead;
}
/**
* Returns the length of the given array in a null-safe manner.
*
* @param array an array or null
* @return the array length -- or 0 if the given array is null.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static int length(final byte[] array) {
return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}
/**
* Returns the length of the given array in a null-safe manner.
*
* @param array an array or null
* @return the array length -- or 0 if the given array is null.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static int length(final char[] array) {
return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}
/**
* Returns the length of the given CharSequence in a null-safe manner.
*
* @param csq a CharSequence or null
* @return the CharSequence length -- or 0 if the given CharSequence is null.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static int length(final CharSequence csq) {
return csq == null ? 0 : csq.length();
}
/**
* Returns the length of the given array in a null-safe manner.
*
* @param array an array or null
* @return the array length -- or 0 if the given array is null.
* @since 2.7
*/
public static int length(final Object[] array) {
return array == null ? 0 : array.length;
}
/**
* Returns an Iterator for the lines in an InputStream, using
* the character encoding specified (or default encoding if null).
*
* LineIterator holds a reference to the open
* InputStream specified here. When you have finished with
* the iterator you should close the stream to free internal resources.
* This can be done by closing the stream directly, or by calling
* {@link LineIterator#close()} or {@link LineIterator#closeQuietly(LineIterator)}.
*
* The recommended usage pattern is:
*
* try {
* LineIterator it = IOUtils.lineIterator(stream, charset);
* while (it.hasNext()) {
* String line = it.nextLine();
* /// do something with line
* }
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
* }
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from, not null
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return an Iterator of the lines in the reader, never null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, such as if the encoding is invalid
* @since 2.3
*/
public static LineIterator lineIterator(final InputStream input, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
return new LineIterator(new InputStreamReader(input, Charsets.toCharset(charset)));
}
/**
* Returns an Iterator for the lines in an InputStream, using
* the character encoding specified (or default encoding if null).
*
* LineIterator holds a reference to the open
* InputStream specified here. When you have finished with
* the iterator you should close the stream to free internal resources.
* This can be done by closing the stream directly, or by calling
* {@link LineIterator#close()} or {@link LineIterator#closeQuietly(LineIterator)}.
*
* The recommended usage pattern is:
*
* try {
* LineIterator it = IOUtils.lineIterator(stream, "UTF-8");
* while (it.hasNext()) {
* String line = it.nextLine();
* /// do something with line
* }
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
* }
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from, not null
* @param charsetName the encoding to use, null means platform default
* @return an Iterator of the lines in the reader, never null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs, such as if the encoding is invalid
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.2
*/
public static LineIterator lineIterator(final InputStream input, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return lineIterator(input, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Returns an Iterator for the lines in a Reader.
*
* LineIterator holds a reference to the open
* Reader specified here. When you have finished with the
* iterator you should close the reader to free internal resources.
* This can be done by closing the reader directly, or by calling
* {@link LineIterator#close()} or {@link LineIterator#closeQuietly(LineIterator)}.
*
* The recommended usage pattern is:
*
* try {
* LineIterator it = IOUtils.lineIterator(reader);
* while (it.hasNext()) {
* String line = it.nextLine();
* /// do something with line
* }
* } finally {
* IOUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
* }
*
*
* @param reader the Reader to read from, not null
* @return an Iterator of the lines in the reader, never null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the reader is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public static LineIterator lineIterator(final Reader reader) {
return new LineIterator(reader);
}
/**
* Reads bytes from an input stream.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* subclasses of {@link InputStream}.
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @return actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
* @throws IOException if a read error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static int read(final InputStream input, final byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
return read(input, buffer, 0, buffer.length);
}
/**
* Reads bytes from an input stream.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* subclasses of {@link InputStream}.
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @param offset initial offset into buffer
* @param length length to read, must be >= 0
* @return actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
* @throws IOException if a read error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static int read(final InputStream input, final byte[] buffer, final int offset, final int length)
throws IOException {
if (length < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Length must not be negative: " + length);
}
int remaining = length;
while (remaining > 0) {
final int location = length - remaining;
final int count = input.read(buffer, offset + location, remaining);
if (EOF == count) { // EOF
break;
}
remaining -= count;
}
return length - remaining;
}
/**
* Reads bytes from a ReadableByteChannel.
*
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* subclasses of {@link ReadableByteChannel}.
*
* @param input the byte channel to read
* @param buffer byte buffer destination
* @return the actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
* @throws IOException if a read error occurs
* @since 2.5
*/
public static int read(final ReadableByteChannel input, final ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
final int length = buffer.remaining();
while (buffer.remaining() > 0) {
final int count = input.read(buffer);
if (EOF == count) { // EOF
break;
}
}
return length - buffer.remaining();
}
/**
* Reads characters from an input character stream.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many characters
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* subclasses of {@link Reader}.
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @return actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
* @throws IOException if a read error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static int read(final Reader input, final char[] buffer) throws IOException {
return read(input, buffer, 0, buffer.length);
}
/**
* Reads characters from an input character stream.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many characters
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* subclasses of {@link Reader}.
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @param offset initial offset into buffer
* @param length length to read, must be >= 0
* @return actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
* @throws IOException if a read error occurs
* @since 2.2
*/
public static int read(final Reader input, final char[] buffer, final int offset, final int length)
throws IOException {
if (length < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Length must not be negative: " + length);
}
int remaining = length;
while (remaining > 0) {
final int location = length - remaining;
final int count = input.read(buffer, offset + location, remaining);
if (EOF == count) { // EOF
break;
}
remaining -= count;
}
return length - remaining;
}
/**
* Reads the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link InputStream#read(byte[], int, int)} may
* not read as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
*
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if length is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of bytes read was incorrect
* @since 2.2
*/
public static void readFully(final InputStream input, final byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
readFully(input, buffer, 0, buffer.length);
}
/**
* Reads the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link InputStream#read(byte[], int, int)} may
* not read as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @param offset initial offset into buffer
* @param length length to read, must be >= 0
*
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if length is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of bytes read was incorrect
* @since 2.2
*/
public static void readFully(final InputStream input, final byte[] buffer, final int offset, final int length)
throws IOException {
final int actual = read(input, buffer, offset, length);
if (actual != length) {
throw new EOFException("Length to read: " + length + " actual: " + actual);
}
}
/**
* Reads the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link InputStream#read(byte[], int, int)} may
* not read as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param length length to read, must be >= 0
* @return the bytes read from input
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if length is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of bytes read was incorrect
* @since 2.5
*/
public static byte[] readFully(final InputStream input, final int length) throws IOException {
final byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
readFully(input, buffer, 0, buffer.length);
return buffer;
}
/**
* Reads the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link ReadableByteChannel#read(ByteBuffer)} may
* not read as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* @param input the byte channel to read
* @param buffer byte buffer destination
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws EOFException if the number of bytes read was incorrect
* @since 2.5
*/
public static void readFully(final ReadableByteChannel input, final ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
final int expected = buffer.remaining();
final int actual = read(input, buffer);
if (actual != expected) {
throw new EOFException("Length to read: " + expected + " actual: " + actual);
}
}
/**
* Reads the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link Reader#read(char[], int, int)} may
* not read as many characters as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if length is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of characters read was incorrect
* @since 2.2
*/
public static void readFully(final Reader input, final char[] buffer) throws IOException {
readFully(input, buffer, 0, buffer.length);
}
/**
* Reads the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link Reader#read(char[], int, int)} may
* not read as many characters as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* @param input where to read input from
* @param buffer destination
* @param offset initial offset into buffer
* @param length length to read, must be >= 0
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if length is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of characters read was incorrect
* @since 2.2
*/
public static void readFully(final Reader input, final char[] buffer, final int offset, final int length)
throws IOException {
final int actual = read(input, buffer, offset, length);
if (actual != length) {
throw new EOFException("Length to read: " + length + " actual: " + actual);
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings,
* one entry per line, using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from, not null
* @return the list of Strings, never null
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #readLines(InputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static List readLines(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
return readLines(input, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings,
* one entry per line, using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from, not null
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return the list of Strings, never null
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static List readLines(final InputStream input, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
final InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(input, Charsets.toCharset(charset));
return readLines(reader);
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings,
* one entry per line, using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from, not null
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return the list of Strings, never null
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static List readLines(final InputStream input, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return readLines(input, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a Reader as a list of Strings,
* one entry per line.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from, not null
* @return the list of Strings, never null
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource") // reader wraps input and is the responsibility of the caller.
public static List readLines(final Reader input) throws IOException {
final BufferedReader reader = toBufferedReader(input);
final List list = new ArrayList<>();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
list.add(line);
}
return list;
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a classpath resource as a byte array.
*
*
* It is expected the given name to be absolute. The
* behavior is not well-defined otherwise.
*
*
* @param name name of the desired resource
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public static byte[] resourceToByteArray(final String name) throws IOException {
return resourceToByteArray(name, null);
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a classpath resource as a byte array.
*
*
* It is expected the given name to be absolute. The
* behavior is not well-defined otherwise.
*
*
* @param name name of the desired resource
* @param classLoader the class loader that the resolution of the resource is delegated to
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public static byte[] resourceToByteArray(final String name, final ClassLoader classLoader) throws IOException {
return toByteArray(resourceToURL(name, classLoader));
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a classpath resource as a String using the
* specified character encoding.
*
*
* It is expected the given name to be absolute. The
* behavior is not well-defined otherwise.
*
*
* @param name name of the desired resource
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return the requested String
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public static String resourceToString(final String name, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
return resourceToString(name, charset, null);
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a classpath resource as a String using the
* specified character encoding.
*
*
* It is expected the given name to be absolute. The
* behavior is not well-defined otherwise.
*
*
* @param name name of the desired resource
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @param classLoader the class loader that the resolution of the resource is delegated to
* @return the requested String
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public static String resourceToString(final String name, final Charset charset, final ClassLoader classLoader) throws IOException {
return toString(resourceToURL(name, classLoader), charset);
}
/**
* Gets a URL pointing to the given classpath resource.
*
*
* It is expected the given name to be absolute. The
* behavior is not well-defined otherwise.
*
*
* @param name name of the desired resource
* @return the requested URL
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public static URL resourceToURL(final String name) throws IOException {
return resourceToURL(name, null);
}
/**
* Gets a URL pointing to the given classpath resource.
*
*
* It is expected the given name to be absolute. The
* behavior is not well-defined otherwise.
*
*
* @param name name of the desired resource
* @param classLoader the class loader that the resolution of the resource is delegated to
* @return the requested URL
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*
* @since 2.6
*/
public static URL resourceToURL(final String name, final ClassLoader classLoader) throws IOException {
// What about the thread context class loader?
// What about the system class loader?
final URL resource = classLoader == null ? IOUtils.class.getResource(name) : classLoader.getResource(name);
if (resource == null) {
throw new IOException("Resource not found: " + name);
}
return resource;
}
/**
* Skips bytes from an input byte stream.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* skip() implementations in subclasses of {@link InputStream}.
*
* Note that the implementation uses {@link InputStream#read(byte[], int, int)} rather
* than delegating to {@link InputStream#skip(long)}.
* This means that the method may be considerably less efficient than using the actual skip implementation,
* this is done to guarantee that the correct number of bytes are skipped.
*
*
* @param input byte stream to skip
* @param toSkip number of bytes to skip.
* @return number of bytes actually skipped.
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if toSkip is negative
* @see InputStream#skip(long)
* @see IO-203 - Add skipFully() method for InputStreams
* @since 2.0
*/
public static long skip(final InputStream input, final long toSkip) throws IOException {
if (toSkip < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Skip count must be non-negative, actual: " + toSkip);
}
/*
* N.B. no need to synchronize access to SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER: - we don't care if the buffer is created multiple
* times (the data is ignored) - we always use the same size buffer, so if it it is recreated it will still be
* OK (if the buffer size were variable, we would need to synch. to ensure some other thread did not create a
* smaller one)
*/
long remain = toSkip;
while (remain > 0) {
// See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-203 for why we use read() rather than delegating to skip()
final long n = input.read(SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER, 0, (int) Math.min(remain, SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER.length));
if (n < 0) { // EOF
break;
}
remain -= n;
}
return toSkip - remain;
}
/**
* Skips bytes from a ReadableByteChannel.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes
* as possible before giving up.
*
* @param input ReadableByteChannel to skip
* @param toSkip number of bytes to skip.
* @return number of bytes actually skipped.
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the ReadableByteChannel
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if toSkip is negative
* @since 2.5
*/
public static long skip(final ReadableByteChannel input, final long toSkip) throws IOException {
if (toSkip < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Skip count must be non-negative, actual: " + toSkip);
}
final ByteBuffer skipByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) Math.min(toSkip, SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER.length));
long remain = toSkip;
while (remain > 0) {
skipByteBuffer.position(0);
skipByteBuffer.limit((int) Math.min(remain, SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER.length));
final int n = input.read(skipByteBuffer);
if (n == EOF) {
break;
}
remain -= n;
}
return toSkip - remain;
}
/**
* Skips characters from an input character stream.
* This implementation guarantees that it will read as many characters
* as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for
* skip() implementations in subclasses of {@link Reader}.
*
* Note that the implementation uses {@link Reader#read(char[], int, int)} rather
* than delegating to {@link Reader#skip(long)}.
* This means that the method may be considerably less efficient than using the actual skip implementation,
* this is done to guarantee that the correct number of characters are skipped.
*
*
* @param input character stream to skip
* @param toSkip number of characters to skip.
* @return number of characters actually skipped.
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if toSkip is negative
* @see Reader#skip(long)
* @see IO-203 - Add skipFully() method for InputStreams
* @since 2.0
*/
public static long skip(final Reader input, final long toSkip) throws IOException {
if (toSkip < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Skip count must be non-negative, actual: " + toSkip);
}
/*
* N.B. no need to synchronize this because: - we don't care if the buffer is created multiple times (the data
* is ignored) - we always use the same size buffer, so if it it is recreated it will still be OK (if the buffer
* size were variable, we would need to synch. to ensure some other thread did not create a smaller one)
*/
if (SKIP_CHAR_BUFFER == null) {
SKIP_CHAR_BUFFER = new char[SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER.length];
}
long remain = toSkip;
while (remain > 0) {
// See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IO-203 for why we use read() rather than delegating to skip()
final long n = input.read(SKIP_CHAR_BUFFER, 0, (int) Math.min(remain, SKIP_BYTE_BUFFER.length));
if (n < 0) { // EOF
break;
}
remain -= n;
}
return toSkip - remain;
}
/**
* Skips the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link InputStream#skip(long)} may
* not skip as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* Note that the implementation uses {@link #skip(InputStream, long)}.
* This means that the method may be considerably less efficient than using the actual skip implementation,
* this is done to guarantee that the correct number of characters are skipped.
*
*
* @param input stream to skip
* @param toSkip the number of bytes to skip
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if toSkip is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of bytes skipped was incorrect
* @see InputStream#skip(long)
* @since 2.0
*/
public static void skipFully(final InputStream input, final long toSkip) throws IOException {
if (toSkip < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bytes to skip must not be negative: " + toSkip);
}
final long skipped = skip(input, toSkip);
if (skipped != toSkip) {
throw new EOFException("Bytes to skip: " + toSkip + " actual: " + skipped);
}
}
/**
* Skips the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* @param input ReadableByteChannel to skip
* @param toSkip the number of bytes to skip
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the ReadableByteChannel
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if toSkip is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of bytes skipped was incorrect
* @since 2.5
*/
public static void skipFully(final ReadableByteChannel input, final long toSkip) throws IOException {
if (toSkip < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bytes to skip must not be negative: " + toSkip);
}
final long skipped = skip(input, toSkip);
if (skipped != toSkip) {
throw new EOFException("Bytes to skip: " + toSkip + " actual: " + skipped);
}
}
/**
* Skips the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
*
* This allows for the possibility that {@link Reader#skip(long)} may
* not skip as many characters as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
*
* Note that the implementation uses {@link #skip(Reader, long)}.
* This means that the method may be considerably less efficient than using the actual skip implementation,
* this is done to guarantee that the correct number of characters are skipped.
*
*
* @param input stream to skip
* @param toSkip the number of characters to skip
* @throws IOException if there is a problem reading the file
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if toSkip is negative
* @throws EOFException if the number of characters skipped was incorrect
* @see Reader#skip(long)
* @since 2.0
*/
public static void skipFully(final Reader input, final long toSkip) throws IOException {
final long skipped = skip(input, toSkip);
if (skipped != toSkip) {
throw new EOFException("Chars to skip: " + toSkip + " actual: " + skipped);
}
}
/**
* Fetches entire contents of an InputStream and represent
* same data as result InputStream.
*
* This method is useful where,
*
* - Source InputStream is slow.
* - It has network resources associated, so we cannot keep it open for
* long time.
* - It has network timeout associated.
*
* It can be used in favor of {@link #toByteArray(InputStream)}, since it
* avoids unnecessary allocation and copy of byte[].
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input Stream to be fully buffered.
* @return A fully buffered stream.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.0
*/
public static InputStream toBufferedInputStream(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
return ByteArrayOutputStream.toBufferedInputStream(input);
}
/**
* Fetches entire contents of an InputStream and represent
* same data as result InputStream.
*
* This method is useful where,
*
* - Source InputStream is slow.
* - It has network resources associated, so we cannot keep it open for
* long time.
* - It has network timeout associated.
*
* It can be used in favor of {@link #toByteArray(InputStream)}, since it
* avoids unnecessary allocation and copy of byte[].
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input Stream to be fully buffered.
* @param size the initial buffer size
* @return A fully buffered stream.
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.5
*/
public static InputStream toBufferedInputStream(final InputStream input, final int size) throws IOException {
return ByteArrayOutputStream.toBufferedInputStream(input, size);
}
/**
* Returns the given reader if it is a {@link BufferedReader}, otherwise creates a BufferedReader from the given
* reader.
*
* @param reader the reader to wrap or return (not null)
* @return the given reader or a new {@link BufferedReader} for the given reader
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @see #buffer(Reader)
* @since 2.2
*/
public static BufferedReader toBufferedReader(final Reader reader) {
return reader instanceof BufferedReader ? (BufferedReader) reader : new BufferedReader(reader);
}
/**
* Returns the given reader if it is a {@link BufferedReader}, otherwise creates a BufferedReader from the given
* reader.
*
* @param reader the reader to wrap or return (not null)
* @param size the buffer size, if a new BufferedReader is created.
* @return the given reader or a new {@link BufferedReader} for the given reader
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @see #buffer(Reader)
* @since 2.5
*/
public static BufferedReader toBufferedReader(final Reader reader, final int size) {
return reader instanceof BufferedReader ? (BufferedReader) reader : new BufferedReader(reader, size);
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a byte[].
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
try (final ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
copy(input, output);
return output.toByteArray();
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a byte[].
* Use this method instead of toByteArray(InputStream)
* when InputStream size is known
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param size the size of InputStream
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs or InputStream size differ from parameter
* size
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if size is less than zero
* @since 2.1
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final InputStream input, final int size) throws IOException {
if (size < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size must be equal or greater than zero: " + size);
}
if (size == 0) {
return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
}
final byte[] data = new byte[size];
int offset = 0;
int read;
while (offset < size && (read = input.read(data, offset, size - offset)) != EOF) {
offset += read;
}
if (offset != size) {
throw new IOException("Unexpected read size. current: " + offset + ", expected: " + size);
}
return data;
}
/**
* Gets contents of an InputStream as a byte[].
* Use this method instead of toByteArray(InputStream)
* when InputStream size is known.
* NOTE: the method checks that the length can safely be cast to an int without truncation
* before using {@link IOUtils#toByteArray(java.io.InputStream, int)} to read into the byte array.
* (Arrays can have no more than Integer.MAX_VALUE entries anyway)
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param size the size of InputStream
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs or InputStream size differ from parameter
* size
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if size is less than zero or size is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE
* @see IOUtils#toByteArray(java.io.InputStream, int)
* @since 2.1
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final InputStream input, final long size) throws IOException {
if (size > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size cannot be greater than Integer max value: " + size);
}
return toByteArray(input, (int) size);
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a Reader as a byte[]
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toByteArray(Reader, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static byte[] toByteArray(final Reader input) throws IOException {
return toByteArray(input, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a Reader as a byte[]
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final Reader input, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
try (final ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
copy(input, output, charset);
return output.toByteArray();
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a Reader as a byte[]
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final Reader input, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return toByteArray(input, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a String as a byte[]
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This is the same as {@link String#getBytes()}.
*
* @param input the String to convert
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)
* @deprecated 2.5 Use {@link String#getBytes()} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static byte[] toByteArray(final String input) throws IOException {
// make explicit the use of the default charset
return input.getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a URI as a byte[].
*
* @param uri the URI to read
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the uri is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
* @since 2.4
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final URI uri) throws IOException {
return IOUtils.toByteArray(uri.toURL());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a URL as a byte[].
*
* @param url the URL to read
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
* @since 2.4
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final URL url) throws IOException {
final URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
try {
return IOUtils.toByteArray(conn);
} finally {
close(conn);
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a URLConnection as a byte[].
*
* @param urlConn the URLConnection to read
* @return the requested byte array
* @throws NullPointerException if the urlConn is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
* @since 2.4
*/
public static byte[] toByteArray(final URLConnection urlConn) throws IOException {
try (InputStream inputStream = urlConn.getInputStream()) {
return IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream);
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a character array
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param is the InputStream to read from
* @return the requested character array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toCharArray(InputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static char[] toCharArray(final InputStream is) throws IOException {
return toCharArray(is, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a character array
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param is the InputStream to read from
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return the requested character array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static char[] toCharArray(final InputStream is, final Charset charset)
throws IOException {
final CharArrayWriter output = new CharArrayWriter();
copy(is, output, charset);
return output.toCharArray();
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a character array
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param is the InputStream to read from
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return the requested character array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static char[] toCharArray(final InputStream is, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return toCharArray(is, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a Reader as a character array.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @return the requested character array
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static char[] toCharArray(final Reader input) throws IOException {
final CharArrayWriter sw = new CharArrayWriter();
copy(input, sw);
return sw.toCharArray();
}
/**
* Converts the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* @param input the CharSequence to convert
* @return an input stream
* @since 2.0
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toInputStream(CharSequence, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static InputStream toInputStream(final CharSequence input) {
return toInputStream(input, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Converts the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* @param input the CharSequence to convert
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return an input stream
* @since 2.3
*/
public static InputStream toInputStream(final CharSequence input, final Charset charset) {
return toInputStream(input.toString(), charset);
}
/**
* Converts the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* @param input the CharSequence to convert
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return an input stream
* @throws IOException if the encoding is invalid
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 2.0
*/
public static InputStream toInputStream(final CharSequence input, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return toInputStream(input, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Converts the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* @param input the string to convert
* @return an input stream
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toInputStream(String, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static InputStream toInputStream(final String input) {
return toInputStream(input, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Converts the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* @param input the string to convert
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return an input stream
* @since 2.3
*/
public static InputStream toInputStream(final String input, final Charset charset) {
return new ByteArrayInputStream(input.getBytes(Charsets.toCharset(charset)));
}
/**
* Converts the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* @param input the string to convert
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return an input stream
* @throws IOException if the encoding is invalid
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static InputStream toInputStream(final String input, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
final byte[] bytes = input.getBytes(Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
return new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a byte[] as a String
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* @param input the byte array to read from
* @return the requested String
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)
* @deprecated 2.5 Use {@link String#String(byte[])} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static String toString(final byte[] input) throws IOException {
// make explicit the use of the default charset
return new String(input, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a byte[] as a String
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* @param input the byte array to read from
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return the requested String
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)
*/
public static String toString(final byte[] input, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return new String(input, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a String
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @return the requested String
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toString(InputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static String toString(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
return toString(input, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a String
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @return the requested String
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static String toString(final InputStream input, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
try (final StringBuilderWriter sw = new StringBuilderWriter()) {
copy(input, sw, charset);
return sw.toString();
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents of an InputStream as a String
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedInputStream.
*
* @param input the InputStream to read from
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @return the requested String
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
*/
public static String toString(final InputStream input, final String charsetName)
throws IOException {
return toString(input, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Gets the contents of a Reader as a String.
*
* This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
* BufferedReader.
*
* @param input the Reader to read from
* @return the requested String
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
*/
public static String toString(final Reader input) throws IOException {
try (final StringBuilderWriter sw = new StringBuilderWriter()) {
copy(input, sw);
return sw.toString();
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents at the given URI.
*
* @param uri The URI source.
* @return The contents of the URL as a String.
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
* @since 2.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toString(URI, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static String toString(final URI uri) throws IOException {
return toString(uri, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents at the given URI.
*
* @param uri The URI source.
* @param encoding The encoding name for the URL contents.
* @return The contents of the URL as a String.
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
* @since 2.3.
*/
public static String toString(final URI uri, final Charset encoding) throws IOException {
return toString(uri.toURL(), Charsets.toCharset(encoding));
}
/**
* Gets the contents at the given URI.
*
* @param uri The URI source.
* @param charsetName The encoding name for the URL contents.
* @return The contents of the URL as a String.
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 2.1
*/
public static String toString(final URI uri, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return toString(uri, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Gets the contents at the given URL.
*
* @param url The URL source.
* @return The contents of the URL as a String.
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
* @since 2.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #toString(URL, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static String toString(final URL url) throws IOException {
return toString(url, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Gets the contents at the given URL.
*
* @param url The URL source.
* @param encoding The encoding name for the URL contents.
* @return The contents of the URL as a String.
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
* @since 2.3
*/
public static String toString(final URL url, final Charset encoding) throws IOException {
try (InputStream inputStream = url.openStream()) {
return toString(inputStream, encoding);
}
}
/**
* Gets the contents at the given URL.
*
* @param url The URL source.
* @param charsetName The encoding name for the URL contents.
* @return The contents of the URL as a String.
* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 2.1
*/
public static String toString(final URL url, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
return toString(url, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Writes bytes from a byte[] to an OutputStream.
*
* @param data the byte array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void write(final byte[] data, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(data);
}
}
/**
* Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer
* using the default character encoding of the platform.
*
* This method uses {@link String#String(byte[])}.
*
* @param data the byte array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #write(byte[], Writer, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final byte[] data, final Writer output) throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method uses {@link String#String(byte[], String)}.
*
* @param data the byte array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void write(final byte[] data, final Writer output, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(new String(data, Charsets.toCharset(charset)));
}
}
/**
* Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer
* using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method uses {@link String#String(byte[], String)}.
*
* @param data the byte array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void write(final byte[] data, final Writer output, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an
* OutputStream.
*
* This method uses {@link String#String(char[])} and
* {@link String#getBytes()}.
*
* @param data the char array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #write(char[], OutputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final char[] data, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method uses {@link String#String(char[])} and
* {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the char array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void write(final char[] data, final OutputStream output, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(new String(data).getBytes(Charsets.toCharset(charset)));
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method uses {@link String#String(char[])} and
* {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the char array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void write(final char[] data, final OutputStream output, final String charsetName)
throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Writes chars from a char[] to a Writer
*
* @param data the char array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void write(final char[] data, final Writer output) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(data);
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a CharSequence to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the default character encoding of the
* platform.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes()}.
*
* @param data the CharSequence to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.0
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #write(CharSequence, OutputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final CharSequence data, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Writes chars from a CharSequence to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the CharSequence to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void write(final CharSequence data, final OutputStream output, final Charset charset)
throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
write(data.toString(), output, charset);
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a CharSequence to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the CharSequence to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the encoding is not supported.
* @since 2.0
*/
public static void write(final CharSequence data, final OutputStream output, final String charsetName)
throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Writes chars from a CharSequence to a Writer.
*
* @param data the CharSequence to write, null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.0
*/
public static void write(final CharSequence data, final Writer output) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
write(data.toString(), output);
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a String to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the default character encoding of the
* platform.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes()}.
*
* @param data the String to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #write(String, OutputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final String data, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Writes chars from a String to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the String to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void write(final String data, final OutputStream output, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(data.getBytes(Charsets.toCharset(charset)));
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a String to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the String to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void write(final String data, final OutputStream output, final String charsetName)
throws IOException {
write(data, output, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Writes chars from a String to a Writer.
*
* @param data the String to write, null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void write(final String data, final Writer output) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(data);
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the default character encoding of the
* platform.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes()}.
*
* @param data the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated replaced by write(CharSequence, OutputStream)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final StringBuffer data, final OutputStream output) //NOSONAR
throws IOException {
write(data, output, (String) null);
}
/**
* Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an
* OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* This method uses {@link String#getBytes(String)}.
*
* @param data the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated replaced by write(CharSequence, OutputStream, String)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final StringBuffer data, final OutputStream output, final String charsetName) //NOSONAR
throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(data.toString().getBytes(Charsets.toCharset(charsetName)));
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a StringBuffer to a Writer.
*
* @param data the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated replaced by write(CharSequence, Writer)
*/
@Deprecated
public static void write(final StringBuffer data, final Writer output) //NOSONAR
throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
output.write(data.toString());
}
}
/**
* Writes bytes from a byte[] to an OutputStream using chunked writes.
* This is intended for writing very large byte arrays which might otherwise cause excessive
* memory usage if the native code has to allocate a copy.
*
* @param data the byte array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the OutputStream to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.5
*/
public static void writeChunked(final byte[] data, final OutputStream output)
throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
int bytes = data.length;
int offset = 0;
while (bytes > 0) {
final int chunk = Math.min(bytes, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
output.write(data, offset, chunk);
bytes -= chunk;
offset += chunk;
}
}
}
/**
* Writes chars from a char[] to a Writer using chunked writes.
* This is intended for writing very large byte arrays which might otherwise cause excessive
* memory usage if the native code has to allocate a copy.
*
* @param data the char array to write, do not modify during output,
* null ignored
* @param output the Writer to write to
* @throws NullPointerException if output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.5
*/
public static void writeChunked(final char[] data, final Writer output) throws IOException {
if (data != null) {
int bytes = data.length;
int offset = 0;
while (bytes > 0) {
final int chunk = Math.min(bytes, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
output.write(data, offset, chunk);
bytes -= chunk;
offset += chunk;
}
}
}
/**
* Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to
* an OutputStream line by line, using the default character
* encoding of the platform and the specified line ending.
*
* @param lines the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
* @param lineEnding the line separator to use, null is system default
* @param output the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
* @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
* @deprecated 2.5 use {@link #writeLines(Collection, String, OutputStream, Charset)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public static void writeLines(final Collection lines, final String lineEnding,
final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
writeLines(lines, lineEnding, output, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
/**
* Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to
* an OutputStream line by line, using the specified character
* encoding and the specified line ending.
*
* @param lines the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
* @param lineEnding the line separator to use, null is system default
* @param output the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
* @param charset the charset to use, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 2.3
*/
public static void writeLines(final Collection lines, String lineEnding, final OutputStream output,
final Charset charset) throws IOException {
if (lines == null) {
return;
}
if (lineEnding == null) {
lineEnding = System.lineSeparator();
}
final Charset cs = Charsets.toCharset(charset);
for (final Object line : lines) {
if (line != null) {
output.write(line.toString().getBytes(cs));
}
output.write(lineEnding.getBytes(cs));
}
}
/**
* Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to
* an OutputStream line by line, using the specified character
* encoding and the specified line ending.
*
* Character encoding names can be found at
* IANA.
*
* @param lines the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
* @param lineEnding the line separator to use, null is system default
* @param output the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
* @param charsetName the name of the requested charset, null means platform default
* @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @throws java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException thrown instead of {@link java.io
* .UnsupportedEncodingException} in version 2.2 if the
* encoding is not supported.
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void writeLines(final Collection lines, final String lineEnding,
final OutputStream output, final String charsetName) throws IOException {
writeLines(lines, lineEnding, output, Charsets.toCharset(charsetName));
}
/**
* Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to
* a Writer line by line, using the specified line ending.
*
* @param lines the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
* @param lineEnding the line separator to use, null is system default
* @param writer the Writer to write to, not null, not closed
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @since 1.1
*/
public static void writeLines(final Collection lines, String lineEnding,
final Writer writer) throws IOException {
if (lines == null) {
return;
}
if (lineEnding == null) {
lineEnding = System.lineSeparator();
}
for (final Object line : lines) {
if (line != null) {
writer.write(line.toString());
}
writer.write(lineEnding);
}
}
/**
* Returns the given Appendable if it is already a {@link Writer}, otherwise creates a Writer wrapper around the
* given Appendable.
*
* @param appendable the Appendable to wrap or return (not null)
* @return the given Appendable or a Writer wrapper around the given Appendable
* @throws NullPointerException if the input parameter is null
* @since 2.7
*/
public static Writer writer(final Appendable appendable) {
Objects.requireNonNull(appendable, "appendable");
if (appendable instanceof Writer) {
return (Writer) appendable;
}
if (appendable instanceof StringBuilder) {
return new StringBuilderWriter((StringBuilder) appendable);
}
return new AppendableWriter<>(appendable);
}
/**
* Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
*/
public IOUtils() { //NOSONAR
super();
}
}