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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.coyote.http2;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;
/**
* Encoder for HPACK frames.
*/
class HpackEncoder {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HpackEncoder.class);
private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(HpackEncoder.class);
private static final HpackHeaderFunction DEFAULT_HEADER_FUNCTION = new HpackHeaderFunction() {
@Override
public boolean shouldUseIndexing(String headerName, String value) {
// content length and date change all the time
// no need to index them, or they will churn the table
switch (headerName) {
case "content-length":
case "date":
return false;
default:
return true;
}
}
@Override
public boolean shouldUseHuffman(String header, String value) {
return value.length() > 5; // TODO: figure out a good value for this
}
@Override
public boolean shouldUseHuffman(String header) {
return header.length() > 5; // TODO: figure out a good value for this
}
};
private int headersIterator = -1;
private boolean firstPass = true;
private MimeHeaders currentHeaders;
private int entryPositionCounter;
private int newMaxHeaderSize = -1; // if the max header size has been changed
private int minNewMaxHeaderSize = -1; // records the smallest value of newMaxHeaderSize, as per section 4.1
private static final Map ENCODING_STATIC_TABLE;
private final Deque evictionQueue = new ArrayDeque<>();
private final Map> dynamicTable = new HashMap<>(); // TODO: use a custom data structure to
// reduce allocations
static {
Map map = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 1; i < Hpack.STATIC_TABLE.length; ++i) {
Hpack.HeaderField m = Hpack.STATIC_TABLE[i];
TableEntry[] existing = map.get(m.name);
if (existing == null) {
map.put(m.name, new TableEntry[] { new TableEntry(m.name, m.value, i) });
} else {
TableEntry[] newEntry = new TableEntry[existing.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(existing, 0, newEntry, 0, existing.length);
newEntry[existing.length] = new TableEntry(m.name, m.value, i);
map.put(m.name, newEntry);
}
}
ENCODING_STATIC_TABLE = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
}
/**
* The maximum table size
*/
private int maxTableSize = Hpack.DEFAULT_TABLE_SIZE;
/**
* The current table size
*/
private int currentTableSize;
private final HpackHeaderFunction hpackHeaderFunction;
HpackEncoder() {
this.hpackHeaderFunction = DEFAULT_HEADER_FUNCTION;
}
/**
* Encodes the headers into a buffer.
*
* @param headers The headers to encode
* @param target The buffer to which to write the encoded headers
*
* @return The state of the encoding process
*/
State encode(MimeHeaders headers, ByteBuffer target) {
int it = headersIterator;
if (headersIterator == -1) {
handleTableSizeChange(target);
// new headers map
it = 0;
currentHeaders = headers;
} else {
if (headers != currentHeaders) {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
}
while (it < currentHeaders.size()) {
// FIXME: Review lowercase policy
String headerName = headers.getName(it).toString().toLowerCase(Locale.US);
boolean skip = false;
if (firstPass) {
if (headerName.charAt(0) != ':') {
skip = true;
}
} else {
if (headerName.charAt(0) == ':') {
skip = true;
}
}
if (!skip) {
String val = headers.getValue(it).toString();
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace(sm.getString("hpackEncoder.encodeHeader", headerName, val));
}
TableEntry tableEntry = findInTable(headerName, val);
// We use 11 to make sure we have enough room for the
// variable length integers
int required = 11 + headerName.length() + 1 + val.length();
if (target.remaining() < required) {
this.headersIterator = it;
return State.UNDERFLOW;
}
// Only index if it will fit
boolean canIndex = hpackHeaderFunction.shouldUseIndexing(headerName, val) &&
(headerName.length() + val.length() + 32) < maxTableSize;
if (tableEntry == null && canIndex) {
// add the entry to the dynamic table
target.put((byte) (1 << 6));
writeHuffmanEncodableName(target, headerName);
writeHuffmanEncodableValue(target, headerName, val);
addToDynamicTable(headerName, val);
} else if (tableEntry == null) {
// literal never indexed
target.put((byte) (1 << 4));
writeHuffmanEncodableName(target, headerName);
writeHuffmanEncodableValue(target, headerName, val);
} else {
// so we know something is already in the table
if (val.equals(tableEntry.value)) {
// the whole thing is in the table
target.put((byte) (1 << 7));
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, tableEntry.getPosition(), 7);
} else {
if (canIndex) {
// add the entry to the dynamic table
target.put((byte) (1 << 6));
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, tableEntry.getPosition(), 6);
writeHuffmanEncodableValue(target, headerName, val);
addToDynamicTable(headerName, val);
} else {
target.put((byte) (1 << 4));
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, tableEntry.getPosition(), 4);
writeHuffmanEncodableValue(target, headerName, val);
}
}
}
}
if (++it == currentHeaders.size() && firstPass) {
firstPass = false;
it = 0;
}
}
headersIterator = -1;
firstPass = true;
return State.COMPLETE;
}
private void writeHuffmanEncodableName(ByteBuffer target, String headerName) {
if (hpackHeaderFunction.shouldUseHuffman(headerName)) {
if (HPackHuffman.encode(target, headerName, true)) {
return;
}
}
target.put((byte) 0); // to use encodeInteger we need to place the first byte in the buffer.
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, headerName.length(), 7);
for (int j = 0; j < headerName.length(); ++j) {
target.put((byte) Hpack.toLower(headerName.charAt(j)));
}
}
private void writeHuffmanEncodableValue(ByteBuffer target, String headerName, String val) {
if (hpackHeaderFunction.shouldUseHuffman(headerName, val)) {
if (!HPackHuffman.encode(target, val, false)) {
writeValueString(target, val);
}
} else {
writeValueString(target, val);
}
}
private void writeValueString(ByteBuffer target, String val) {
target.put((byte) 0); // to use encodeInteger we need to place the first byte in the buffer.
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, val.length(), 7);
for (int j = 0; j < val.length(); ++j) {
target.put((byte) val.charAt(j));
}
}
private void addToDynamicTable(String headerName, String val) {
int pos = entryPositionCounter++;
DynamicTableEntry d = new DynamicTableEntry(headerName, val, -pos);
dynamicTable.computeIfAbsent(headerName, k -> new ArrayList<>(1)).add(d);
evictionQueue.add(d);
currentTableSize += d.getSize();
runEvictionIfRequired();
if (entryPositionCounter == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
// prevent rollover
preventPositionRollover();
}
}
private void preventPositionRollover() {
// if the position counter is about to roll over we iterate all the table entries
// and set their position to their actual position
for (List tableEntries : dynamicTable.values()) {
for (TableEntry t : tableEntries) {
t.position = t.getPosition();
}
}
entryPositionCounter = 0;
}
private void runEvictionIfRequired() {
while (currentTableSize > maxTableSize) {
TableEntry next = evictionQueue.poll();
if (next == null) {
return;
}
currentTableSize -= next.size;
List list = dynamicTable.get(next.name);
list.remove(next);
if (list.isEmpty()) {
dynamicTable.remove(next.name);
}
}
}
private TableEntry findInTable(String headerName, String value) {
TableEntry[] staticTable = ENCODING_STATIC_TABLE.get(headerName);
if (staticTable != null) {
for (TableEntry st : staticTable) {
if (st.value != null && st.value.equals(value)) { // todo: some form of lookup?
return st;
}
}
}
List dynamic = dynamicTable.get(headerName);
if (dynamic != null) {
for (TableEntry st : dynamic) {
if (st.value.equals(value)) { // todo: some form of lookup?
return st;
}
}
}
if (staticTable != null) {
return staticTable[0];
}
return null;
}
public void setMaxTableSize(int newSize) {
this.newMaxHeaderSize = newSize;
if (minNewMaxHeaderSize == -1) {
minNewMaxHeaderSize = newSize;
} else {
minNewMaxHeaderSize = Math.min(newSize, minNewMaxHeaderSize);
}
}
private void handleTableSizeChange(ByteBuffer target) {
if (newMaxHeaderSize == -1) {
return;
}
if (minNewMaxHeaderSize != newMaxHeaderSize) {
target.put((byte) (1 << 5));
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, minNewMaxHeaderSize, 5);
}
target.put((byte) (1 << 5));
Hpack.encodeInteger(target, newMaxHeaderSize, 5);
maxTableSize = newMaxHeaderSize;
runEvictionIfRequired();
newMaxHeaderSize = -1;
minNewMaxHeaderSize = -1;
}
enum State {
COMPLETE,
UNDERFLOW,
}
private static class TableEntry {
private final String name;
private final String value;
private final int size;
private int position;
private TableEntry(String name, String value, int position) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
this.position = position;
if (value != null) {
this.size = 32 + name.length() + value.length();
} else {
this.size = -1;
}
}
int getPosition() {
return position;
}
int getSize() {
return size;
}
}
private class DynamicTableEntry extends TableEntry {
private DynamicTableEntry(String name, String value, int position) {
super(name, value, position);
}
@Override
int getPosition() {
return super.getPosition() + entryPositionCounter + Hpack.STATIC_TABLE_LENGTH;
}
}
private interface HpackHeaderFunction {
boolean shouldUseIndexing(String header, String value);
/**
* Returns true if huffman encoding should be used on the header value
*
* @param header The header name
* @param value The header value to be encoded
*
* @return true if the value should be encoded
*/
boolean shouldUseHuffman(String header, String value);
/**
* Returns true if huffman encoding should be used on the header name
*
* @param header The header name to be encoded
*
* @return true if the value should be encoded
*/
boolean shouldUseHuffman(String header);
}
}