org.apache.catalina.filters.RateLimitFilter Maven / Gradle / Ivy
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* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.filters;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
import jakarta.servlet.FilterConfig;
import jakarta.servlet.GenericFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.catalina.util.TimeBucketCounter;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
/**
*
* Servlet filter that can help mitigate Denial of Service (DoS) and Brute Force attacks by limiting the number of a
* requests that are allowed from a single IP address within a time window (also referred to as a time bucket), e.g. 300
* Requests per 60 seconds.
*
*
* The filter works by incrementing a counter in a time bucket for each IP address, and if the counter exceeds the
* allowed limit then further requests from that IP are dropped with a "429 Too many requests" response until
* the bucket time ends and a new bucket starts.
*
*
* The filter is optimized for efficiency and low overhead, so it converts some configured values to more efficient
* values. For example, a configuration of a 60 seconds time bucket is converted to 65.536 seconds. That allows for very
* fast bucket calculation using bit shift arithmetic. In order to remain true to the user intent, the configured number
* of requests is then multiplied by the same ratio, so a configuration of 100 Requests per 60 seconds, has the real
* values of 109 Requests per 65 seconds.
*
*
* It is common to set up different restrictions for different URIs. For example, a login page or authentication script
* is typically expected to get far less requests than the rest of the application, so you can add a filter definition
* that would allow only 5 requests per 15 seconds and map those URIs to it.
*
*
* You can set enforce to false to disable the termination of requests that exceed the allowed
* limit. Then your application code can inspect the Request Attribute
* org.apache.catalina.filters.RateLimitFilter.Count and decide how to handle the request based on other
* information that it has, e.g. allow more requests to certain users based on roles, etc.
*
*
* WARNING: if Tomcat is behind a reverse proxy then you must make sure that the Rate Limit Filter sees
* the client IP address, so if for example you are using the Remote IP Filter, then the
* filter mapping for the Rate Limit Filter must come after the mapping of the Remote IP Filter to ensure that
* each request has its IP address resolved before the Rate Limit Filter is applied. Failure to do so will count
* requests from different IPs in the same bucket and will result in a self inflicted DoS attack.
*
*/
public class RateLimitFilter extends GenericFilter {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* default duration in seconds
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_BUCKET_DURATION = 60;
/**
* default number of requests per duration
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_BUCKET_REQUESTS = 300;
/**
* default value for enforce
*/
public static final boolean DEFAULT_ENFORCE = true;
/**
* default status code to return if requests per duration exceeded
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_STATUS_CODE = 429;
/**
* default status message to return if requests per duration exceeded
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_STATUS_MESSAGE = "Too many requests";
/**
* request attribute that will contain the number of requests per duration
*/
public static final String RATE_LIMIT_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT = "org.apache.catalina.filters.RateLimitFilter.Count";
/**
* init-param to set the bucket duration in seconds
*/
public static final String PARAM_BUCKET_DURATION = "bucketDuration";
/**
* init-param to set the bucket number of requests
*/
public static final String PARAM_BUCKET_REQUESTS = "bucketRequests";
/**
* init-param to set the enforce flag
*/
public static final String PARAM_ENFORCE = "enforce";
/**
* init-param to set a custom status code if requests per duration exceeded
*/
public static final String PARAM_STATUS_CODE = "statusCode";
/**
* init-param to set a custom status message if requests per duration exceeded
*/
public static final String PARAM_STATUS_MESSAGE = "statusMessage";
transient TimeBucketCounter bucketCounter;
private int actualRequests;
private int bucketRequests = DEFAULT_BUCKET_REQUESTS;
private int bucketDuration = DEFAULT_BUCKET_DURATION;
private boolean enforce = DEFAULT_ENFORCE;
private int statusCode = DEFAULT_STATUS_CODE;
private String statusMessage = DEFAULT_STATUS_MESSAGE;
private transient Log log = LogFactory.getLog(RateLimitFilter.class);
private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(RateLimitFilter.class);
/**
* @return the actual maximum allowed requests per time bucket
*/
public int getActualRequests() {
return actualRequests;
}
/**
* @return the actual duration of a time bucket in milliseconds
*/
public int getActualDurationInSeconds() {
return bucketCounter.getActualDuration() / 1000;
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
FilterConfig config = getFilterConfig();
String param;
param = config.getInitParameter(PARAM_BUCKET_DURATION);
if (param != null) {
bucketDuration = Integer.parseInt(param);
}
param = config.getInitParameter(PARAM_BUCKET_REQUESTS);
if (param != null) {
bucketRequests = Integer.parseInt(param);
}
param = config.getInitParameter(PARAM_ENFORCE);
if (param != null) {
enforce = Boolean.parseBoolean(param);
}
param = config.getInitParameter(PARAM_STATUS_CODE);
if (param != null) {
statusCode = Integer.parseInt(param);
}
param = config.getInitParameter(PARAM_STATUS_MESSAGE);
if (param != null) {
statusMessage = param;
}
ScheduledExecutorService executorService = (ScheduledExecutorService) getServletContext()
.getAttribute(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.class.getName());
if (executorService == null) {
executorService = new java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
}
bucketCounter = new TimeBucketCounter(bucketDuration, executorService);
actualRequests = (int) Math.round(bucketCounter.getRatio() * bucketRequests);
log.info(sm.getString("rateLimitFilter.initialized", super.getFilterName(), Integer.valueOf(bucketRequests),
Integer.valueOf(bucketDuration), Integer.valueOf(getActualRequests()),
Integer.valueOf(getActualDurationInSeconds()), (!enforce ? "Not " : "") + "enforcing"));
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
String ipAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
int reqCount = bucketCounter.increment(ipAddr);
request.setAttribute(RATE_LIMIT_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT, Integer.valueOf(reqCount));
if (enforce && (reqCount > actualRequests)) {
((HttpServletResponse) response).sendError(statusCode, statusMessage);
log.warn(sm.getString("rateLimitFilter.maxRequestsExceeded", super.getFilterName(),
Integer.valueOf(reqCount), ipAddr, Integer.valueOf(getActualRequests()),
Integer.valueOf(getActualDurationInSeconds())));
return;
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
this.bucketCounter.destroy();
super.destroy();
}
}