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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.catalina.realm;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.naming.AuthenticationException;
import javax.naming.CommunicationException;
import javax.naming.CompositeName;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InvalidNameException;
import javax.naming.Name;
import javax.naming.NameNotFoundException;
import javax.naming.NameParser;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.PartialResultException;
import javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException;
import javax.naming.directory.Attribute;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchControls;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchResult;

import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.util.Base64;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.ByteChunk;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.CharChunk;
import org.ietf.jgss.GSSCredential;

/**
 * 

Implementation of Realm that works with a directory * server accessed via the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) APIs. * The following constraints are imposed on the data structure in the * underlying directory server:

*
    * *
  • Each user that can be authenticated is represented by an individual * element in the top level DirContext that is accessed * via the connectionURL property.
  • * *
  • If a socket connection can not be made to the connectURL * an attempt will be made to use the alternateURL if it * exists.
  • * *
  • Each user element has a distinguished name that can be formed by * substituting the presented username into a pattern configured by the * userPattern property.
  • * *
  • Alternatively, if the userPattern property is not * specified, a unique element can be located by searching the directory * context. In this case: *
      *
    • The userSearch pattern specifies the search filter * after substitution of the username.
    • *
    • The userBase property can be set to the element that * is the base of the subtree containing users. If not specified, * the search base is the top-level context.
    • *
    • The userSubtree property can be set to * true if you wish to search the entire subtree of the * directory context. The default value of false * requests a search of only the current level.
    • *
    *
  • * *
  • The user may be authenticated by binding to the directory with the * username and password presented. This method is used when the * userPassword property is not specified.
  • * *
  • The user may be authenticated by retrieving the value of an attribute * from the directory and comparing it explicitly with the value presented * by the user. This method is used when the userPassword * property is specified, in which case: *
      *
    • The element for this user must contain an attribute named by the * userPassword property. *
    • The value of the user password attribute is either a cleartext * String, or the result of passing a cleartext String through the * RealmBase.digest() method (using the standard digest * support included in RealmBase). *
    • The user is considered to be authenticated if the presented * credentials (after being passed through * RealmBase.digest()) are equal to the retrieved value * for the user password attribute.
    • *
  • * *
  • Each group of users that has been assigned a particular role may be * represented by an individual element in the top level * DirContext that is accessed via the * connectionURL property. This element has the following * characteristics: *
      *
    • The set of all possible groups of interest can be selected by a * search pattern configured by the roleSearch * property.
    • *
    • The roleSearch pattern optionally includes pattern * replacements "{0}" for the distinguished name, and/or "{1}" for * the username, of the authenticated user for which roles will be * retrieved.
    • *
    • The roleBase property can be set to the element that * is the base of the search for matching roles. If not specified, * the entire context will be searched.
    • *
    • The roleSubtree property can be set to * true if you wish to search the entire subtree of the * directory context. The default value of false * requests a search of only the current level.
    • *
    • The element includes an attribute (whose name is configured by * the roleName property) containing the name of the * role represented by this element.
    • *
  • * *
  • In addition, roles may be represented by the values of an attribute * in the user's element whose name is configured by the * userRoleName property.
  • * *
  • A default role can be assigned to each user that was successfully * authenticated by setting the commonRole property to the * name of this role. The role doesn't have to exist in the directory.
  • * *
  • If the directory server contains nested roles, you can search for them * by setting roleNested to true. * The default value is false, so role searches will not find * nested roles.
  • * *
  • Note that the standard <security-role-ref> element in * the web application deployment descriptor allows applications to refer * to roles programmatically by names other than those used in the * directory server itself.
  • *
* *

TODO - Support connection pooling (including message * format objects) so that authenticate() does not have to be * synchronized.

* *

WARNING - There is a reported bug against the Netscape * provider code (com.netscape.jndi.ldap.LdapContextFactory) with respect to * successfully authenticated a non-existing user. The * report is here: http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11210 . * With luck, Netscape has updated their provider code and this is not an * issue.

* * @author John Holman * @author Craig R. McClanahan * @version $Id: JNDIRealm.java 1138019 2011-06-21 14:29:49Z markt $ */ public class JNDIRealm extends RealmBase { // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables /** * The type of authentication to use */ protected String authentication = null; /** * The connection username for the server we will contact. */ protected String connectionName = null; /** * The connection password for the server we will contact. */ protected String connectionPassword = null; /** * The connection URL for the server we will contact. */ protected String connectionURL = null; /** * The directory context linking us to our directory server. */ protected DirContext context = null; /** * The JNDI context factory used to acquire our InitialContext. By * default, assumes use of an LDAP server using the standard JNDI LDAP * provider. */ protected String contextFactory = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory"; /** * How aliases should be dereferenced during search operations. */ protected String derefAliases = null; /** * Constant that holds the name of the environment property for specifying * the manner in which aliases should be dereferenced. */ public static final String DEREF_ALIASES = "java.naming.ldap.derefAliases"; /** * Descriptive information about this Realm implementation. */ protected static final String info = "org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm/1.0"; /** * Descriptive information about this Realm implementation. */ protected static final String name = "JNDIRealm"; /** * The protocol that will be used in the communication with the * directory server. */ protected String protocol = null; /** * Should we ignore PartialResultExceptions when iterating over NamingEnumerations? * Microsoft Active Directory often returns referrals, which lead * to PartialResultExceptions. Unfortunately there's no stable way to detect, * if the Exceptions really come from an AD referral. * Set to true to ignore PartialResultExceptions. */ protected boolean adCompat = false; /** * How should we handle referrals? Microsoft Active Directory often returns * referrals. If you need to follow them set referrals to "follow". * Caution: if your DNS is not part of AD, the LDAP client lib might try * to resolve your domain name in DNS to find another LDAP server. */ protected String referrals = null; /** * The base element for user searches. */ protected String userBase = ""; /** * The message format used to search for a user, with "{0}" marking * the spot where the username goes. */ protected String userSearch = null; /** * The MessageFormat object associated with the current * userSearch. */ protected MessageFormat userSearchFormat = null; /** * Should we search the entire subtree for matching users? */ protected boolean userSubtree = false; /** * The attribute name used to retrieve the user password. */ protected String userPassword = null; /** * A string of LDAP user patterns or paths, ":"-separated * These will be used to form the distinguished name of a * user, with "{0}" marking the spot where the specified username * goes. * This is similar to userPattern, but allows for multiple searches * for a user. */ protected String[] userPatternArray = null; /** * The message format used to form the distinguished name of a * user, with "{0}" marking the spot where the specified username * goes. */ protected String userPattern = null; /** * An array of MessageFormat objects associated with the current * userPatternArray. */ protected MessageFormat[] userPatternFormatArray = null; /** * The base element for role searches. */ protected String roleBase = ""; /** * The MessageFormat object associated with the current * roleBase. */ protected MessageFormat roleBaseFormat = null; /** * The MessageFormat object associated with the current * roleSearch. */ protected MessageFormat roleFormat = null; /** * The name of an attribute in the user's entry containing * roles for that user */ protected String userRoleName = null; /** * The name of the attribute containing roles held elsewhere */ protected String roleName = null; /** * The message format used to select roles for a user, with "{0}" marking * the spot where the distinguished name of the user goes. */ protected String roleSearch = null; /** * Should we search the entire subtree for matching memberships? */ protected boolean roleSubtree = false; /** * Should we look for nested group in order to determine roles? */ protected boolean roleNested = false; /** * When searching for user roles, should the search be performed as the user * currently being authenticated? If false, {@link #connectionName} and * {@link #connectionPassword} will be used if specified, else an anonymous * connection will be used. */ protected boolean roleSearchAsUser = false; /** * An alternate URL, to which, we should connect if connectionURL fails. */ protected String alternateURL; /** * The number of connection attempts. If greater than zero we use the * alternate url. */ protected int connectionAttempt = 0; /** * Add this role to every authenticated user */ protected String commonRole = null; /** * The timeout, in milliseconds, to use when trying to create a connection * to the directory. The default is 5000 (5 seconds). */ protected String connectionTimeout = "5000"; /** * The sizeLimit (also known as the countLimit) to use when the realm is * configured with {@link #userSearch}. Zero for no limit. */ protected long sizeLimit = 0; /** * The timeLimit (in milliseconds) to use when the realm is configured with * {@link #userSearch}. Zero for no limit. */ protected int timeLimit = 0; /** * Should delegated credentials from the SPNEGO authenticator be used if * available */ protected boolean useDelegatedCredential = true; // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties /** * Return the type of authentication to use. */ public String getAuthentication() { return authentication; } /** * Set the type of authentication to use. * * @param authentication The authentication */ public void setAuthentication(String authentication) { this.authentication = authentication; } /** * Return the connection username for this Realm. */ public String getConnectionName() { return (this.connectionName); } /** * Set the connection username for this Realm. * * @param connectionName The new connection username */ public void setConnectionName(String connectionName) { this.connectionName = connectionName; } /** * Return the connection password for this Realm. */ public String getConnectionPassword() { return (this.connectionPassword); } /** * Set the connection password for this Realm. * * @param connectionPassword The new connection password */ public void setConnectionPassword(String connectionPassword) { this.connectionPassword = connectionPassword; } /** * Return the connection URL for this Realm. */ public String getConnectionURL() { return (this.connectionURL); } /** * Set the connection URL for this Realm. * * @param connectionURL The new connection URL */ public void setConnectionURL(String connectionURL) { this.connectionURL = connectionURL; } /** * Return the JNDI context factory for this Realm. */ public String getContextFactory() { return (this.contextFactory); } /** * Set the JNDI context factory for this Realm. * * @param contextFactory The new context factory */ public void setContextFactory(String contextFactory) { this.contextFactory = contextFactory; } /** * Return the derefAliases setting to be used. */ public java.lang.String getDerefAliases() { return derefAliases; } /** * Set the value for derefAliases to be used when searching the directory. * * @param derefAliases New value of property derefAliases. */ public void setDerefAliases(java.lang.String derefAliases) { this.derefAliases = derefAliases; } /** * Return the protocol to be used. */ public String getProtocol() { return protocol; } /** * Set the protocol for this Realm. * * @param protocol The new protocol. */ public void setProtocol(String protocol) { this.protocol = protocol; } /** * Returns the current settings for handling PartialResultExceptions */ public boolean getAdCompat () { return adCompat; } /** * How do we handle PartialResultExceptions? * True: ignore all PartialResultExceptions. */ public void setAdCompat (boolean adCompat) { this.adCompat = adCompat; } /** * Returns the current settings for handling JNDI referrals. */ public String getReferrals () { return referrals; } /** * How do we handle JNDI referrals? ignore, follow, or throw * (see javax.naming.Context.REFERRAL for more information). */ public void setReferrals (String referrals) { this.referrals = referrals; } /** * Return the base element for user searches. */ public String getUserBase() { return (this.userBase); } /** * Set the base element for user searches. * * @param userBase The new base element */ public void setUserBase(String userBase) { this.userBase = userBase; } /** * Return the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm. */ public String getUserSearch() { return (this.userSearch); } /** * Set the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm. * * @param userSearch The new user search pattern */ public void setUserSearch(String userSearch) { this.userSearch = userSearch; if (userSearch == null) userSearchFormat = null; else userSearchFormat = new MessageFormat(userSearch); } /** * Return the "search subtree for users" flag. */ public boolean getUserSubtree() { return (this.userSubtree); } /** * Set the "search subtree for users" flag. * * @param userSubtree The new search flag */ public void setUserSubtree(boolean userSubtree) { this.userSubtree = userSubtree; } /** * Return the user role name attribute name for this Realm. */ public String getUserRoleName() { return userRoleName; } /** * Set the user role name attribute name for this Realm. * * @param userRoleName The new userRole name attribute name */ public void setUserRoleName(String userRoleName) { this.userRoleName = userRoleName; } /** * Return the base element for role searches. */ public String getRoleBase() { return (this.roleBase); } /** * Set the base element for role searches. * * @param roleBase The new base element */ public void setRoleBase(String roleBase) { this.roleBase = roleBase; if (roleBase == null) roleBaseFormat = null; else roleBaseFormat = new MessageFormat(roleBase); } /** * Return the role name attribute name for this Realm. */ public String getRoleName() { return (this.roleName); } /** * Set the role name attribute name for this Realm. * * @param roleName The new role name attribute name */ public void setRoleName(String roleName) { this.roleName = roleName; } /** * Return the message format pattern for selecting roles in this Realm. */ public String getRoleSearch() { return (this.roleSearch); } /** * Set the message format pattern for selecting roles in this Realm. * * @param roleSearch The new role search pattern */ public void setRoleSearch(String roleSearch) { this.roleSearch = roleSearch; if (roleSearch == null) roleFormat = null; else roleFormat = new MessageFormat(roleSearch); } /** * Return the "search subtree for roles" flag. */ public boolean getRoleSubtree() { return (this.roleSubtree); } /** * Set the "search subtree for roles" flag. * * @param roleSubtree The new search flag */ public void setRoleSubtree(boolean roleSubtree) { this.roleSubtree = roleSubtree; } /** * Return the "The nested group search flag" flag. */ public boolean getRoleNested() { return (this.roleNested); } /** * Set the "search subtree for roles" flag. * * @param roleNested The nested group search flag */ public void setRoleNested(boolean roleNested) { this.roleNested = roleNested; } /** * Return the password attribute used to retrieve the user password. */ public String getUserPassword() { return (this.userPassword); } /** * Set the password attribute used to retrieve the user password. * * @param userPassword The new password attribute */ public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) { this.userPassword = userPassword; } /** * Return the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm. */ public String getUserPattern() { return (this.userPattern); } /** * Set the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm. * This may be one simple pattern, or multiple patterns to be tried, * separated by parentheses. (for example, either "cn={0}", or * "(cn={0})(cn={0},o=myorg)" Full LDAP search strings are also supported, * but only the "OR", "|" syntax, so "(|(cn={0})(cn={0},o=myorg))" is * also valid. Complex search strings with &, etc are NOT supported. * * @param userPattern The new user pattern */ public void setUserPattern(String userPattern) { this.userPattern = userPattern; if (userPattern == null) userPatternArray = null; else { userPatternArray = parseUserPatternString(userPattern); int len = this.userPatternArray.length; userPatternFormatArray = new MessageFormat[len]; for (int i=0; i < len; i++) { userPatternFormatArray[i] = new MessageFormat(userPatternArray[i]); } } } /** * Getter for property alternateURL. * * @return Value of property alternateURL. */ public String getAlternateURL() { return this.alternateURL; } /** * Setter for property alternateURL. * * @param alternateURL New value of property alternateURL. */ public void setAlternateURL(String alternateURL) { this.alternateURL = alternateURL; } /** * Return the common role */ public String getCommonRole() { return commonRole; } /** * Set the common role * * @param commonRole The common role */ public void setCommonRole(String commonRole) { this.commonRole = commonRole; } /** * Return the connection timeout. */ public String getConnectionTimeout() { return connectionTimeout; } /** * Set the connection timeout. * * @param timeout The new connection timeout */ public void setConnectionTimeout(String timeout) { this.connectionTimeout = timeout; } public long getSizeLimit() { return sizeLimit; } public void setSizeLimit(long sizeLimit) { this.sizeLimit = sizeLimit; } public int getTimeLimit() { return timeLimit; } public void setTimeLimit(int timeLimit) { this.timeLimit = timeLimit; } public boolean isUseDelegatedCredential() { return useDelegatedCredential; } public void setUseDelegatedCredential(boolean useDelegatedCredential) { this.useDelegatedCredential = useDelegatedCredential; } /** * Return descriptive information about this Realm implementation and * the corresponding version number, in the format * <description>/<version>. */ @Override public String getInfo() { return info; } // ---------------------------------------------------------- Realm Methods /** * Return the Principal associated with the specified username and * credentials, if there is one; otherwise return null. * * If there are any errors with the JDBC connection, executing * the query or anything we return null (don't authenticate). This * event is also logged, and the connection will be closed so that * a subsequent request will automatically re-open it. * * @param username Username of the Principal to look up * @param credentials Password or other credentials to use in * authenticating this username */ @Override public Principal authenticate(String username, String credentials) { DirContext context = null; Principal principal = null; try { // Ensure that we have a directory context available context = open(); // Occassionally the directory context will timeout. Try one more // time before giving up. try { // Authenticate the specified username if possible principal = authenticate(context, username, credentials); } catch (NullPointerException e) { /* BZ 42449 - Kludge Sun's LDAP provider with broken SSL */ // log the exception so we know it's there. containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // close the connection so we know it will be reopened. if (context != null) close(context); // open a new directory context. context = open(); // Try the authentication again. principal = authenticate(context, username, credentials); } catch (CommunicationException e) { // log the exception so we know it's there. containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // close the connection so we know it will be reopened. if (context != null) close(context); // open a new directory context. context = open(); // Try the authentication again. principal = authenticate(context, username, credentials); } catch (ServiceUnavailableException e) { // log the exception so we know it's there. containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // close the connection so we know it will be reopened. if (context != null) close(context); // open a new directory context. context = open(); // Try the authentication again. principal = authenticate(context, username, credentials); } // Release this context release(context); // Return the authenticated Principal (if any) return (principal); } catch (NamingException e) { // Log the problem for posterity containerLog.error(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // Close the connection so that it gets reopened next time if (context != null) close(context); // Return "not authenticated" for this request if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) containerLog.debug("Returning null principal."); return (null); } } // -------------------------------------------------------- Package Methods // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods /** * Return the Principal associated with the specified username and * credentials, if there is one; otherwise return null. * * @param context The directory context * @param username Username of the Principal to look up * @param credentials Password or other credentials to use in * authenticating this username * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ public synchronized Principal authenticate(DirContext context, String username, String credentials) throws NamingException { if (username == null || username.equals("") || credentials == null || credentials.equals("")) { if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) containerLog.debug("username null or empty: returning null principal."); return (null); } if (userPatternArray != null) { for (int curUserPattern = 0; curUserPattern < userPatternFormatArray.length; curUserPattern++) { // Retrieve user information User user = getUser(context, username, credentials, curUserPattern); if (user != null) { try { // Check the user's credentials if (checkCredentials(context, user, credentials)) { // Search for additional roles List roles = getRoles(context, user); if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) { Iterator it = roles.iterator(); // TODO: Use a single log message while (it.hasNext()) { containerLog.debug("Found role: " + it.next()); } } return (new GenericPrincipal(username, credentials, roles)); } } catch (InvalidNameException ine) { // Log the problem for posterity containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), ine); // ignore; this is probably due to a name not fitting // the search path format exactly, as in a fully- // qualified name being munged into a search path // that already contains cn= or vice-versa } } } return null; } else { // Retrieve user information User user = getUser(context, username, credentials); if (user == null) return (null); // Check the user's credentials if (!checkCredentials(context, user, credentials)) return (null); // Search for additional roles List roles = getRoles(context, user); if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) { Iterator it = roles.iterator(); // TODO: Use a single log message while (it.hasNext()) { containerLog.debug("Found role: " + it.next()); } } // Create and return a suitable Principal for this user return (new GenericPrincipal(username, credentials, roles)); } } /** * Return a User object containing information about the user * with the specified username, if found in the directory; * otherwise return null. * * @param context The directory context * @param username Username to be looked up * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs * * @see #getUser(DirContext, String, String, int) */ protected User getUser(DirContext context, String username) throws NamingException { return getUser(context, username, null, -1); } /** * Return a User object containing information about the user * with the specified username, if found in the directory; * otherwise return null. * * @param context The directory context * @param username Username to be looked up * @param credentials User credentials (optional) * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs * * @see #getUser(DirContext, String, String, int) */ protected User getUser(DirContext context, String username, String credentials) throws NamingException { return getUser(context, username, credentials, -1); } /** * Return a User object containing information about the user * with the specified username, if found in the directory; * otherwise return null. * * If the userPassword configuration attribute is * specified, the value of that attribute is retrieved from the * user's directory entry. If the userRoleName * configuration attribute is specified, all values of that * attribute are retrieved from the directory entry. * * @param context The directory context * @param username Username to be looked up * @param credentials User credentials (optional) * @param curUserPattern Index into userPatternFormatArray * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected User getUser(DirContext context, String username, String credentials, int curUserPattern) throws NamingException { User user = null; // Get attributes to retrieve from user entry ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); if (userPassword != null) list.add(userPassword); if (userRoleName != null) list.add(userRoleName); String[] attrIds = new String[list.size()]; list.toArray(attrIds); // Use pattern or search for user entry if (userPatternFormatArray != null && curUserPattern >= 0) { user = getUserByPattern(context, username, credentials, attrIds, curUserPattern); } else { user = getUserBySearch(context, username, attrIds); } return user; } /** * Use the distinguished name to locate the directory * entry for the user with the specified username and * return a User object; otherwise return null. * * @param context The directory context * @param username The username * @param attrIds String[]containing names of attributes to * @param dn Distinguished name of the user * retrieve. * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected User getUserByPattern(DirContext context, String username, String[] attrIds, String dn) throws NamingException { // If no attributes are requested, no need to look for them if (attrIds == null || attrIds.length == 0) { return new User(username, dn, null, null); } // Get required attributes from user entry Attributes attrs = null; try { attrs = context.getAttributes(dn, attrIds); } catch (NameNotFoundException e) { return (null); } if (attrs == null) return (null); // Retrieve value of userPassword String password = null; if (userPassword != null) password = getAttributeValue(userPassword, attrs); // Retrieve values of userRoleName attribute ArrayList roles = null; if (userRoleName != null) roles = addAttributeValues(userRoleName, attrs, roles); return new User(username, dn, password, roles); } /** * Use the UserPattern configuration attribute to * locate the directory entry for the user with the specified * username and return a User object; otherwise return * null. * * @param context The directory context * @param username The username * @param credentials User credentials (optional) * @param attrIds String[]containing names of attributes to * @param curUserPattern Index into userPatternFormatArray * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs * @see #getUserByPattern(DirContext, String, String[], String) */ protected User getUserByPattern(DirContext context, String username, String credentials, String[] attrIds, int curUserPattern) throws NamingException { User user = null; if (username == null || userPatternFormatArray[curUserPattern] == null) return (null); // Form the dn from the user pattern String dn = userPatternFormatArray[curUserPattern].format(new String[] { username }); try { user = getUserByPattern(context, username, attrIds, dn); } catch (NameNotFoundException e) { return (null); } catch (NamingException e) { // If the getUserByPattern() call fails, try it again with the // credentials of the user that we're searching for try { userCredentialsAdd(context, dn, credentials); user = getUserByPattern(context, username, attrIds, dn); } finally { userCredentialsRemove(context); } } return user; } /** * Search the directory to return a User object containing * information about the user with the specified username, if * found in the directory; otherwise return null. * * @param context The directory context * @param username The username * @param attrIds String[]containing names of attributes to retrieve. * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected User getUserBySearch(DirContext context, String username, String[] attrIds) throws NamingException { if (username == null || userSearchFormat == null) return (null); // Form the search filter String filter = userSearchFormat.format(new String[] { username }); // Set up the search controls SearchControls constraints = new SearchControls(); if (userSubtree) { constraints.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE); } else { constraints.setSearchScope(SearchControls.ONELEVEL_SCOPE); } constraints.setCountLimit(sizeLimit); constraints.setTimeLimit(timeLimit); // Specify the attributes to be retrieved if (attrIds == null) attrIds = new String[0]; constraints.setReturningAttributes(attrIds); NamingEnumeration results = context.search(userBase, filter, constraints); // Fail if no entries found try { if (results == null || !results.hasMore()) { return (null); } } catch (PartialResultException ex) { if (!adCompat) throw ex; else return (null); } // Get result for the first entry found SearchResult result = results.next(); // Check no further entries were found try { if (results.hasMore()) { if(containerLog.isInfoEnabled()) containerLog.info("username " + username + " has multiple entries"); return (null); } } catch (PartialResultException ex) { if (!adCompat) throw ex; } String dn = getDistinguishedName(context, userBase, result); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) containerLog.trace(" entry found for " + username + " with dn " + dn); // Get the entry's attributes Attributes attrs = result.getAttributes(); if (attrs == null) return null; // Retrieve value of userPassword String password = null; if (userPassword != null) password = getAttributeValue(userPassword, attrs); // Retrieve values of userRoleName attribute ArrayList roles = null; if (userRoleName != null) roles = addAttributeValues(userRoleName, attrs, roles); return new User(username, dn, password, roles); } /** * Check whether the given User can be authenticated with the * given credentials. If the userPassword * configuration attribute is specified, the credentials * previously retrieved from the directory are compared explicitly * with those presented by the user. Otherwise the presented * credentials are checked by binding to the directory as the * user. * * @param context The directory context * @param user The User to be authenticated * @param credentials The credentials presented by the user * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected boolean checkCredentials(DirContext context, User user, String credentials) throws NamingException { boolean validated = false; if (userPassword == null) { validated = bindAsUser(context, user, credentials); } else { validated = compareCredentials(context, user, credentials); } if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { if (validated) { containerLog.trace(sm.getString("jndiRealm.authenticateSuccess", user.getUserName())); } else { containerLog.trace(sm.getString("jndiRealm.authenticateFailure", user.getUserName())); } } return (validated); } /** * Check whether the credentials presented by the user match those * retrieved from the directory. * * @param context The directory context * @param info The User to be authenticated * @param credentials Authentication credentials * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected boolean compareCredentials(DirContext context, User info, String credentials) throws NamingException { if (info == null || credentials == null) return (false); String password = info.getPassword(); if (password == null) return (false); // Validate the credentials specified by the user if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) containerLog.trace(" validating credentials"); boolean validated = false; if (hasMessageDigest()) { // Some directories prefix the password with the hash type // The string is in a format compatible with Base64.encode not // the Hex encoding of the parent class. if (password.startsWith("{MD5}") || password.startsWith("{SHA}")) { /* sync since super.digest() does this same thing */ synchronized (this) { password = password.substring(5); md.reset(); md.update(credentials.getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset())); String digestedPassword = Base64.encode(md.digest()); validated = password.equals(digestedPassword); } } else if (password.startsWith("{SSHA}")) { // Bugzilla 32938 /* sync since super.digest() does this same thing */ synchronized (this) { password = password.substring(6); md.reset(); md.update(credentials.getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset())); // Decode stored password. ByteChunk pwbc = new ByteChunk(password.length()); try { pwbc.append(password.getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset()), 0, password.length()); } catch (IOException e) { // Should never happen containerLog.error("Could not append password bytes to chunk: ", e); } CharChunk decoded = new CharChunk(); Base64.decode(pwbc, decoded); char[] pwarray = decoded.getBuffer(); // Split decoded password into hash and salt. final int saltpos = 20; byte[] hash = new byte[saltpos]; for (int i=0; i< hash.length; i++) { hash[i] = (byte) pwarray[i]; } byte[] salt = new byte[pwarray.length - saltpos]; for (int i=0; i< salt.length; i++) salt[i] = (byte)pwarray[i+saltpos]; md.update(salt); byte[] dp = md.digest(); validated = Arrays.equals(dp, hash); } // End synchronized(this) block } else { // Hex hashes should be compared case-insensitive validated = (digest(credentials).equalsIgnoreCase(password)); } } else validated = (digest(credentials).equals(password)); return (validated); } /** * Check credentials by binding to the directory as the user * * @param context The directory context * @param user The User to be authenticated * @param credentials Authentication credentials * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected boolean bindAsUser(DirContext context, User user, String credentials) throws NamingException { if (credentials == null || user == null) return (false); String dn = user.getDN(); if (dn == null) return (false); // Validate the credentials specified by the user if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" validating credentials by binding as the user"); } userCredentialsAdd(context, dn, credentials); // Elicit an LDAP bind operation boolean validated = false; try { if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" binding as " + dn); } context.getAttributes("", null); validated = true; } catch (AuthenticationException e) { if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" bind attempt failed"); } } userCredentialsRemove(context); return (validated); } /** * Configure the context to use the provided credentials for * authentication. * * @param context DirContext to configure * @param dn Distinguished name of user * @param credentials Credentials of user */ private void userCredentialsAdd(DirContext context, String dn, String credentials) throws NamingException { // Set up security environment to bind as the user context.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, dn); context.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, credentials); } /** * Configure the context to use {@link #connectionName} and * {@link #connectionPassword} if specified or an anonymous connection if * those attributes are not specified. * * @param context DirContext to configure */ private void userCredentialsRemove(DirContext context) throws NamingException { // Restore the original security environment if (connectionName != null) { context.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, connectionName); } else { context.removeFromEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL); } if (connectionPassword != null) { context.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, connectionPassword); } else { context.removeFromEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS); } } /** * Return a List of roles associated with the given User. Any * roles present in the user's directory entry are supplemented by * a directory search. If no roles are associated with this user, * a zero-length List is returned. * * @param context The directory context we are searching * @param user The User to be checked * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected List getRoles(DirContext context, User user) throws NamingException { if (user == null) return (null); String dn = user.getDN(); String username = user.getUserName(); if (dn == null || username == null) return (null); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) containerLog.trace(" getRoles(" + dn + ")"); // Start with roles retrieved from the user entry List list = new ArrayList(); List userRoles = user.getRoles(); if (userRoles != null) { list.addAll(userRoles); } if (commonRole != null) list.add(commonRole); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" Found " + list.size() + " user internal roles"); for (int i=0; i results = null; try { if (roleSearchAsUser) { userCredentialsAdd(context, dn, user.getPassword()); } results = context.search(base, filter, controls); } finally { if (roleSearchAsUser) { userCredentialsRemove(context); } } if (results == null) return (list); // Should never happen, but just in case ... HashMap groupMap = new HashMap(); try { while (results.hasMore()) { SearchResult result = results.next(); Attributes attrs = result.getAttributes(); if (attrs == null) continue; String dname = getDistinguishedName(context, roleBase, result); String name = getAttributeValue(roleName, attrs); if (name != null && dname != null) { groupMap.put(dname, name); } } } catch (PartialResultException ex) { if (!adCompat) throw ex; } Set keys = groupMap.keySet(); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" Found " + keys.size() + " direct roles"); for (String key: keys) { containerLog.trace( " Found direct role " + key + " -> " + groupMap.get(key)); } } // if nested group search is enabled, perform searches for nested groups until no new group is found if (getRoleNested()) { // The following efficient algorithm is known as memberOf Algorithm, as described in "Practices in // Directory Groups". It avoids group slurping and handles cyclic group memberships as well. // See http://middleware.internet2.edu/dir/ for details Map newGroups = new HashMap(groupMap); while (!newGroups.isEmpty()) { Map newThisRound = new HashMap(); // Stores the groups we find in this iteration for (Entry group : newGroups.entrySet()) { filter = roleFormat.format(new String[] { group.getKey(), group.getValue() }); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace("Perform a nested group search with base "+ roleBase + " and filter " + filter); } results = context.search(roleBase, filter, controls); try { while (results.hasMore()) { SearchResult result = results.next(); Attributes attrs = result.getAttributes(); if (attrs == null) continue; String dname = getDistinguishedName(context, roleBase, result); String name = getAttributeValue(roleName, attrs); if (name != null && dname != null && !groupMap.keySet().contains(dname)) { groupMap.put(dname, name); newThisRound.put(dname, name); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" Found nested role " + dname + " -> " + name); } } } } catch (PartialResultException ex) { if (!adCompat) throw ex; } } newGroups = newThisRound; } } list.addAll(groupMap.values()); return list; } /** * Return a String representing the value of the specified attribute. * * @param attrId Attribute name * @param attrs Attributes containing the required value * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ private String getAttributeValue(String attrId, Attributes attrs) throws NamingException { if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) containerLog.trace(" retrieving attribute " + attrId); if (attrId == null || attrs == null) return null; Attribute attr = attrs.get(attrId); if (attr == null) return (null); Object value = attr.get(); if (value == null) return (null); String valueString = null; if (value instanceof byte[]) valueString = new String((byte[]) value); else valueString = value.toString(); return valueString; } /** * Add values of a specified attribute to a list * * @param attrId Attribute name * @param attrs Attributes containing the new values * @param values ArrayList containing values found so far * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ private ArrayList addAttributeValues(String attrId, Attributes attrs, ArrayList values) throws NamingException{ if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) containerLog.trace(" retrieving values for attribute " + attrId); if (attrId == null || attrs == null) return values; if (values == null) values = new ArrayList(); Attribute attr = attrs.get(attrId); if (attr == null) return (values); NamingEnumeration e = attr.getAll(); try { while(e.hasMore()) { String value = (String)e.next(); values.add(value); } } catch (PartialResultException ex) { if (!adCompat) throw ex; } return values; } /** * Close any open connection to the directory server for this Realm. * * @param context The directory context to be closed */ protected void close(DirContext context) { // Do nothing if there is no opened connection if (context == null) return; // Close our opened connection try { if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) containerLog.debug("Closing directory context"); context.close(); } catch (NamingException e) { containerLog.error(sm.getString("jndiRealm.close"), e); } this.context = null; } /** * Return a short name for this Realm implementation. */ @Override protected String getName() { return (name); } /** * Return the password associated with the given principal's user name. */ @Override protected String getPassword(String username) { return (null); } /** * Return the Principal associated with the given user name. */ @Override protected Principal getPrincipal(String username) { return getPrincipal(username, null); } @Override protected Principal getPrincipal(String username, GSSCredential gssCredential) { DirContext context = null; Principal principal = null; try { // Ensure that we have a directory context available context = open(); // Occasionally the directory context will timeout. Try one more // time before giving up. try { // Authenticate the specified username if possible principal = getPrincipal(context, username, gssCredential); } catch (CommunicationException e) { // log the exception so we know it's there. containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // close the connection so we know it will be reopened. if (context != null) close(context); // open a new directory context. context = open(); // Try the authentication again. principal = getPrincipal(context, username, gssCredential); } catch (ServiceUnavailableException e) { // log the exception so we know it's there. containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // close the connection so we know it will be reopened. if (context != null) close(context); // open a new directory context. context = open(); // Try the authentication again. principal = getPrincipal(context, username, gssCredential); } // Release this context release(context); // Return the authenticated Principal (if any) return (principal); } catch (NamingException e) { // Log the problem for posterity containerLog.error(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // Close the connection so that it gets reopened next time if (context != null) close(context); // Return "not authenticated" for this request return (null); } } /** * Return the Principal associated with the given user name. */ protected synchronized Principal getPrincipal(DirContext context, String username, GSSCredential gssCredential) throws NamingException { User user = null; List roles = null; try { if (gssCredential != null && isUseDelegatedCredential()) { // Set up context context.addToEnvironment( Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "GSSAPI"); context.addToEnvironment( "javax.security.sasl.server.authentication", "true"); context.addToEnvironment( "javax.security.sasl.qop", "auth-conf"); // Note: Subject already set in SPNEGO authenticator so no need // for Subject.doAs() here } user = getUser(context, username); if (user != null) { roles = getRoles(context, user); } } finally { try { context.removeFromEnvironment( Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION); } catch (NamingException e) { // Ignore } try { context.removeFromEnvironment( "javax.security.sasl.server.authentication"); } catch (NamingException e) { // Ignore } try { context.removeFromEnvironment( "javax.security.sasl.qop"); } catch (NamingException e) { // Ignore } } if (user != null) { return new GenericPrincipal(user.getUserName(), user.getPassword(), roles, null, null, gssCredential); } return null; } /** * Open (if necessary) and return a connection to the configured * directory server for this Realm. * * @exception NamingException if a directory server error occurs */ protected DirContext open() throws NamingException { // Do nothing if there is a directory server connection already open if (context != null) return (context); try { // Ensure that we have a directory context available context = new InitialDirContext(getDirectoryContextEnvironment()); } catch (Exception e) { connectionAttempt = 1; // log the first exception. containerLog.warn(sm.getString("jndiRealm.exception"), e); // Try connecting to the alternate url. context = new InitialDirContext(getDirectoryContextEnvironment()); } finally { // reset it in case the connection times out. // the primary may come back. connectionAttempt = 0; } return (context); } /** * Create our directory context configuration. * * @return java.util.Hashtable the configuration for the directory context. */ protected Hashtable getDirectoryContextEnvironment() { Hashtable env = new Hashtable(); // Configure our directory context environment. if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled() && connectionAttempt == 0) containerLog.debug("Connecting to URL " + connectionURL); else if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled() && connectionAttempt > 0) containerLog.debug("Connecting to URL " + alternateURL); env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, contextFactory); if (connectionName != null) env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, connectionName); if (connectionPassword != null) env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, connectionPassword); if (connectionURL != null && connectionAttempt == 0) env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, connectionURL); else if (alternateURL != null && connectionAttempt > 0) env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, alternateURL); if (authentication != null) env.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, authentication); if (protocol != null) env.put(Context.SECURITY_PROTOCOL, protocol); if (referrals != null) env.put(Context.REFERRAL, referrals); if (derefAliases != null) env.put(JNDIRealm.DEREF_ALIASES, derefAliases); if (connectionTimeout != null) env.put("com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.timeout", connectionTimeout); return env; } /** * Release our use of this connection so that it can be recycled. * * @param context The directory context to release */ protected void release(DirContext context) { // NO-OP since we are not pooling anything } // ------------------------------------------------------ Lifecycle Methods /** * Prepare for the beginning of active use of the public methods of this * component and implement the requirements of * {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}. * * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error * that prevents this component from being used */ @Override protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException { // Validate that we can open our connection try { open(); } catch (NamingException e) { throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("jndiRealm.open"), e); } super.startInternal(); } /** * Gracefully terminate the active use of the public methods of this * component and implement the requirements of * {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#stopInternal()}. * * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error * that needs to be reported */ @Override protected void stopInternal() throws LifecycleException { super.stopInternal(); // Close any open directory server connection close(this.context); } /** * Given a string containing LDAP patterns for user locations (separated by * parentheses in a pseudo-LDAP search string format - * "(location1)(location2)", returns an array of those paths. Real LDAP * search strings are supported as well (though only the "|" "OR" type). * * @param userPatternString - a string LDAP search paths surrounded by * parentheses */ protected String[] parseUserPatternString(String userPatternString) { if (userPatternString != null) { ArrayList pathList = new ArrayList(); int startParenLoc = userPatternString.indexOf('('); if (startParenLoc == -1) { // no parens here; return whole thing return new String[] {userPatternString}; } int startingPoint = 0; while (startParenLoc > -1) { int endParenLoc = 0; // weed out escaped open parens and parens enclosing the // whole statement (in the case of valid LDAP search // strings: (|(something)(somethingelse)) while ( (userPatternString.charAt(startParenLoc + 1) == '|') || (startParenLoc != 0 && userPatternString.charAt(startParenLoc - 1) == '\\') ) { startParenLoc = userPatternString.indexOf("(", startParenLoc+1); } endParenLoc = userPatternString.indexOf(")", startParenLoc+1); // weed out escaped end-parens while (userPatternString.charAt(endParenLoc - 1) == '\\') { endParenLoc = userPatternString.indexOf(")", endParenLoc+1); } String nextPathPart = userPatternString.substring (startParenLoc+1, endParenLoc); pathList.add(nextPathPart); startingPoint = endParenLoc+1; startParenLoc = userPatternString.indexOf('(', startingPoint); } return pathList.toArray(new String[] {}); } return null; } /** * Given an LDAP search string, returns the string with certain characters * escaped according to RFC 2254 guidelines. * The character mapping is as follows: * char -> Replacement * --------------------------- * * -> \2a * ( -> \28 * ) -> \29 * \ -> \5c * \0 -> \00 * @param inString string to escape according to RFC 2254 guidelines * @return String the escaped/encoded result */ protected String doRFC2254Encoding(String inString) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(inString.length()); for (int i = 0; i < inString.length(); i++) { char c = inString.charAt(i); switch (c) { case '\\': buf.append("\\5c"); break; case '*': buf.append("\\2a"); break; case '(': buf.append("\\28"); break; case ')': buf.append("\\29"); break; case '\0': buf.append("\\00"); break; default: buf.append(c); break; } } return buf.toString(); } /** * Returns the distinguished name of a search result. * * @param context Our DirContext * @param base The base DN * @param result The search result * @return String containing the distinguished name */ protected String getDistinguishedName(DirContext context, String base, SearchResult result) throws NamingException { // Get the entry's distinguished name. For relative results, this means // we need to composite a name with the base name, the context name, and // the result name. For non-relative names, use the returned name. if (result.isRelative()) { if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) { containerLog.trace(" search returned relative name: " + result.getName()); } NameParser parser = context.getNameParser(""); Name contextName = parser.parse(context.getNameInNamespace()); Name baseName = parser.parse(base); // Bugzilla 32269 Name entryName = parser.parse(new CompositeName(result.getName()).get(0)); Name name = contextName.addAll(baseName); name = name.addAll(entryName); return name.toString(); } else { String absoluteName = result.getName(); if (containerLog.isTraceEnabled()) containerLog.trace(" search returned absolute name: " + result.getName()); try { // Normalize the name by running it through the name parser. NameParser parser = context.getNameParser(""); URI userNameUri = new URI(absoluteName); String pathComponent = userNameUri.getPath(); // Should not ever have an empty path component, since that is /{DN} if (pathComponent.length() < 1 ) { throw new InvalidNameException( "Search returned unparseable absolute name: " + absoluteName ); } Name name = parser.parse(pathComponent.substring(1)); return name.toString(); } catch ( URISyntaxException e ) { throw new InvalidNameException( "Search returned unparseable absolute name: " + absoluteName ); } } } // ------------------------------------------------------ Private Classes /** * A protected class representing a User */ protected static class User { private final String username; private final String dn; private final String password; private final List roles; public User(String username, String dn, String password, List roles) { this.username = username; this.dn = dn; this.password = password; if (roles == null) { this.roles = Collections.emptyList(); } else { this.roles = Collections.unmodifiableList(roles); } } public String getUserName() { return username; } public String getDN() { return dn; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public List getRoles() { return roles; } } }




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