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/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.coyote;

import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.Handler.SocketState;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.security.PrivilegedGetTccl;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.security.PrivilegedSetTccl;

/**
 * Manages the state transitions for async requests.
 *
 * 
 * The internal states that are used are:
 * DISPATCHED       - Standard request. Not in Async mode.
 * STARTING         - ServletRequest.startAsync() has been called but the
 *                    request in which that call was made has not finished
 *                    processing.
 * STARTED          - ServletRequest.startAsync() has been called and the
 *                    request in which that call was made has finished
 *                    processing.
 * MUST_COMPLETE    - ServletRequest.startAsync() followed by complete() have
 *                    been called during a single Servlet.service() method. The
 *                    complete() will be processed as soon as the request
 *                    finishes.
 * COMPLETE_PENDING - ServletRequest.startAsync() has been called and before the
 *                    request in which that call was had finished processing,
 *                    complete() was called for a non-container thread. The
 *                    complete() will be processed as soon as the request
 *                    finishes. This is different to MUST_COMPLETE because of
 *                    differences required to avoid race conditions during error
 *                    handling.
 * COMPLETING       - The call to complete() was made once the request was in
 *                    the STARTED state. May or may not be triggered by a
 *                    container thread - depends if start(Runnable) was used.
 * TIMING_OUT       - The async request has timed out and is waiting for a call
 *                    to complete(). If that isn't made, the error state will
 *                    entered.
 * MUST_DISPATCH    - ServletRequest.startAsync() followed by dispatch() have
 *                    been called during a single Servlet.service() method. The
 *                    dispatch() will be processed as soon as the request
 *                    finishes.
 * DISPATCH_PENDING - ServletRequest.startAsync() has been called and before the
 *                    request in which that call was had finished processing,
 *                    dispatch() was called for a non-container thread. The
 *                    dispatch() will be processed as soon as the request
 *                    finishes. This is different to MUST_DISPATCH because of
 *                    differences required to avoid race conditions during error
 *                    handling.
 * DISPATCHING      - The dispatch is being processed.
 * MUST_ERROR       - ServletRequest.startAsync() has been called followed by an
 *                    I/O error on a non-container thread. The main purpose of
 *                    this state is to prevent additional async actions
 *                    (complete(), dispatch() etc.) on the non-container thread.
 *                    The container will perform the necessary error handling,
 *                    including ensuring that the AsyncLister.onError() method
 *                    is called.
 * ERROR            - Something went wrong.
 *
 * |----------------->------|  |--«--------MUST_ERROR---------------«------------------------|
 * |                       \|/\|/                                                            |
 * |   |----------<-----E R R O R<-------------------------<-------------------------------| |
 * |   |      complete() /|\/|\\ \--<---------------------------------<-----|              | ^
 * |   |                  |  |  \                                           |              | |
 * |   |    |----->-------|  |   \----------->----------|                   |              | |
 * |   |    |                |                          |dispatch()         |              | |
 * |   |    |                |                         \|/                  ^              | |
 * |   |    |                |          |--|timeout()   |                   |              | |
 * |   |    |     post()     |          | \|/           |     post()        |              | |
 * |   |    |    |---------- | -->DISPATCHED<---------- | --------------COMPLETING<-----|  | |
 * |   |    |    |           |   /|\/|\ |               |                | /|\ /|\      |  | |
 * |   |    |    |    |--->- | ---|  |  |startAsync()   |       timeout()|--|   |       |  | |
 * |   |    ^    ^    |      |       |  |               |                       |       |  ^ |
 * |   |    |    |    |   |-- \ -----|  |   complete()  |                       |post() |  | |
 * |   |    |    |    |   |    \        |     /-->----- | ---COMPLETE_PENDING->-|       |  | |
 * |   |    |    |    |   |     \       |    /          |                               |  | |
 * |   |    |    |    |   ^      \      |   /           |                               |  | |
 * |  \|/   |    |    |   |       \    \|/ /   post()   |                               |  | |
 * | MUST_COMPLETE-<- | - | --<----STARTING-->--------- | -------------|                ^  | |
 * |         /|\      |   |  complete()  | \            |              |     complete() |  | |
 * |          |       |   |              |  \           |    post()    |     /----------|  | |
 * |          |       ^   |    dispatch()|   \          |    |-----|   |    /              | |
 * |          |       |   |              |    \         |    |     |   |   /               | |
 * |          |       |   |             \|/    \        |    |    \|/ \|/ /                | ^
 * |          |       |   |--<--MUST_DISPATCH-----<-----|    |--<--STARTED--->-------------| |
 * |          |       | dispatched() /|\   |     \                / |     \                  |
 * |          |       |               |    |      \              /  |      \  nct-io-error   |
 * |          |       |               |    |       \            /   |       \---->-----------|
 * |          |       |               |    |post()  \           |   |
 * ^          ^       |               |    |       \|/          |   |
 * |          |       ^               |    |  DISPATCH_PENDING  |   |
 * |          |       |               |    |  |post()           |   |
 * |          |       |               |    |  |      |----------|   |
 * |          |       |               |    |  |      |  dispatch()  |
 * |          |       |               |    |  |      |              |
 * |          |       |post()         |    |  |      |     timeout()|
 * |          |       |dispatched()   |   \|/\|/    \|/             |
 * |          |       |---<---------- | ---DISPATCHING              |
 * |          |                       |     |    ^                  |
 * |          |                       |     |----|                  |
 * |          |                       |    timeout()                |
 * |          |                       |                             |
 * |          |                       |       dispatch()           \|/
 * |          |                       |-----------<-----------TIMING_OUT
 * |          |                                                 |   |
 * |          |-------<----------------------------------<------|   |
 * |                              complete()                        |
 * |                                                                |
 * |<--------<-------------------<-------------------------------<--|
 *                                 error()
 * 
*/ public class AsyncStateMachine { /** * The string manager for this package. */ private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package); private static enum AsyncState { DISPATCHED (false, false, false, false), STARTING (true, true, false, false), STARTED (true, true, false, false), MUST_COMPLETE (true, true, true, false), COMPLETE_PENDING(true, true, false, false), COMPLETING (true, false, true, false), TIMING_OUT (true, true, false, false), MUST_DISPATCH (true, true, false, true), DISPATCH_PENDING(true, true, false, false), DISPATCHING (true, false, false, true), MUST_ERROR (true, true, false, false), ERROR (true, true, false, false); private final boolean isAsync; private final boolean isStarted; private final boolean isCompleting; private final boolean isDispatching; private AsyncState(boolean isAsync, boolean isStarted, boolean isCompleting, boolean isDispatching) { this.isAsync = isAsync; this.isStarted = isStarted; this.isCompleting = isCompleting; this.isDispatching = isDispatching; } public boolean isAsync() { return isAsync; } public boolean isStarted() { return isStarted; } public boolean isDispatching() { return isDispatching; } public boolean isCompleting() { return isCompleting; } } private volatile AsyncState state = AsyncState.DISPATCHED; // Need this to fire listener on complete private AsyncContextCallback asyncCtxt = null; private Processor processor; public AsyncStateMachine(Processor processor) { this.processor = processor; } public boolean isAsync() { return state.isAsync(); } public boolean isAsyncDispatching() { return state.isDispatching(); } public boolean isAsyncStarted() { return state.isStarted(); } public boolean isAsyncTimingOut() { return state == AsyncState.TIMING_OUT; } public boolean isAsyncError() { return state == AsyncState.ERROR; } public boolean isCompleting() { return state.isCompleting(); } public synchronized void asyncStart(AsyncContextCallback asyncCtxt) { if (state == AsyncState.DISPATCHED) { state = AsyncState.STARTING; this.asyncCtxt = asyncCtxt; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncStart()", state)); } } /* * Async has been processed. Whether or not to enter a long poll depends on * current state. For example, as per SRV.2.3.3.3 can now process calls to * complete() or dispatch(). */ public synchronized SocketState asyncPostProcess() { if (state == AsyncState.COMPLETE_PENDING) { doComplete(); return SocketState.ASYNC_END; } else if (state == AsyncState.DISPATCH_PENDING) { doDispatch(); return SocketState.ASYNC_END; } else if (state == AsyncState.STARTING) { state = AsyncState.STARTED; return SocketState.LONG; } else if (state == AsyncState.MUST_COMPLETE) { asyncCtxt.fireOnComplete(); state = AsyncState.DISPATCHED; return SocketState.ASYNC_END; } else if (state == AsyncState.COMPLETING) { asyncCtxt.fireOnComplete(); state = AsyncState.DISPATCHED; return SocketState.ASYNC_END; } else if (state == AsyncState.MUST_DISPATCH) { state = AsyncState.DISPATCHING; return SocketState.ASYNC_END; } else if (state == AsyncState.DISPATCHING) { state = AsyncState.DISPATCHED; return SocketState.ASYNC_END; } else if (state == AsyncState.STARTED) { // This can occur if an async listener does a dispatch to an async // servlet during onTimeout return SocketState.LONG; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncPostProcess()", state)); } } public synchronized boolean asyncComplete() { if (!ContainerThreadMarker.isContainerThread() && state == AsyncState.STARTING) { state = AsyncState.COMPLETE_PENDING; return false; } else { return doComplete(); } } private synchronized boolean doComplete() { boolean doComplete = false; if (state == AsyncState.STARTING) { state = AsyncState.MUST_COMPLETE; } else if (state == AsyncState.STARTED || state == AsyncState.COMPLETE_PENDING) { state = AsyncState.COMPLETING; doComplete = true; } else if (state == AsyncState.TIMING_OUT || state == AsyncState.ERROR) { state = AsyncState.MUST_COMPLETE; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncComplete()", state)); } return doComplete; } public synchronized boolean asyncTimeout() { if (state == AsyncState.STARTED) { state = AsyncState.TIMING_OUT; return true; } else if (state == AsyncState.COMPLETING || state == AsyncState.DISPATCHING || state == AsyncState.DISPATCHED) { // NOOP - App called complete() or dispatch() between the the // timeout firing and execution reaching this point return false; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncTimeout()", state)); } } public synchronized boolean asyncDispatch() { if (!ContainerThreadMarker.isContainerThread() && state == AsyncState.STARTING) { state = AsyncState.DISPATCH_PENDING; return false; } else { return doDispatch(); } } private synchronized boolean doDispatch() { boolean doDispatch = false; if (state == AsyncState.STARTING || state == AsyncState.TIMING_OUT || state == AsyncState.ERROR) { // In these three cases processing is on a container thread so no // need to transfer processing to a new container thread state = AsyncState.MUST_DISPATCH; } else if (state == AsyncState.STARTED || state == AsyncState.DISPATCH_PENDING) { // A dispatch is always required. // If on a non-container thread, need to get back onto a container // thread to complete the processing. // If on a container thread the current request/response are not the // request/response associated with the AsyncContext so need a new // container thread to process the different request/response. state = AsyncState.DISPATCHING; doDispatch = true; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncDispatch()", state)); } return doDispatch; } public synchronized void asyncDispatched() { if (state == AsyncState.DISPATCHING || state == AsyncState.MUST_DISPATCH) { state = AsyncState.DISPATCHED; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncDispatched()", state)); } } public synchronized void asyncMustError() { if (state == AsyncState.STARTED) { state = AsyncState.MUST_ERROR; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncMustError()", state)); } } public synchronized boolean asyncError() { boolean doDispatch = false; if (state == AsyncState.STARTING || state == AsyncState.STARTED || state == AsyncState.DISPATCHED || state == AsyncState.TIMING_OUT || state == AsyncState.MUST_COMPLETE || state == AsyncState.COMPLETING || state == AsyncState.MUST_ERROR) { state = AsyncState.ERROR; } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncError()", state)); } return doDispatch; } public synchronized void asyncRun(Runnable runnable) { if (state == AsyncState.STARTING || state == AsyncState.STARTED) { // Execute the runnable using a container thread from the // Connector's thread pool. Use a wrapper to prevent a memory leak ClassLoader oldCL; if (Constants.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) { PrivilegedAction pa = new PrivilegedGetTccl(); oldCL = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa); } else { oldCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } try { if (Constants.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) { PrivilegedAction pa = new PrivilegedSetTccl( this.getClass().getClassLoader()); AccessController.doPrivileged(pa); } else { Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader( this.getClass().getClassLoader()); } processor.getExecutor().execute(runnable); } finally { if (Constants.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) { PrivilegedAction pa = new PrivilegedSetTccl( oldCL); AccessController.doPrivileged(pa); } else { Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(oldCL); } } } else { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("asyncStateMachine.invalidAsyncState", "asyncRun()", state)); } } public synchronized void recycle() { // Ensure in case of error that any non-container threads that have been // paused are unpaused. notifyAll(); asyncCtxt = null; state = AsyncState.DISPATCHED; } }