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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.catalina.tribes;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.StringJoiner;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

import org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 * Channel interface
* A channel is a representation of a group of nodes all participating in some sort of * communication with each other.
* The channel is the main API class for Tribes, this is essentially the only class * that an application needs to be aware of. Through the channel the application can:
* 1. send messages
* 2. receive message (by registering a ChannelListener
* 3. get all members of the group getMembers()
* 4. receive notifications of members added and members disappeared by * registering a MembershipListener
*
* The channel has 5 major components:
* 1. Data receiver, with a built in thread pool to receive messages from other peers
* 2. Data sender, an implementation for sending data using NIO or java.io
* 3. Membership listener,listens for membership broadcasts
* 4. Membership broadcaster, broadcasts membership pings.
* 5. Channel interceptors, the ability to manipulate messages as they are sent or arrive

* The channel layout is: *

 *  ChannelListener_1..ChannelListener_N MembershipListener_1..MembershipListener_N [Application Layer]
 *            \          \                  /                   /
 *             \          \                /                   /
 *              \          \              /                   /
 *               \          \            /                   /
 *                \          \          /                   /
 *                 \          \        /                   /
 *                  ---------------------------------------
 *                                  |
 *                                  |
 *                               Channel
 *                                  |
 *                         ChannelInterceptor_1
 *                                  |                                               [Channel stack]
 *                         ChannelInterceptor_N
 *                                  |
 *                             Coordinator (implements MessageListener,MembershipListener,ChannelInterceptor)
 *                          --------------------
 *                         /        |           \
 *                        /         |            \
 *                       /          |             \
 *                      /           |              \
 *                     /            |               \
 *           MembershipService ChannelSender ChannelReceiver                        [IO layer]
 * 
* * @see org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel example usage */ public interface Channel { /** * Start and stop sequences can be controlled by these constants * This allows you to start separate components of the channel
* DEFAULT - starts or stops all components in the channel * @see #start(int) * @see #stop(int) */ int DEFAULT = 15; /** * Start and stop sequences can be controlled by these constants * This allows you to start separate components of the channel
* SND_RX_SEQ - starts or stops the data receiver. Start means opening a server socket * in case of a TCP implementation * @see #start(int) * @see #stop(int) */ int SND_RX_SEQ = 1; /** * Start and stop sequences can be controlled by these constants * This allows you to start separate components of the channel
* SND_TX_SEQ - starts or stops the data sender. This should not open any sockets, * as sockets are opened on demand when a message is being sent * @see #start(int) * @see #stop(int) */ int SND_TX_SEQ = 2; /** * Start and stop sequences can be controlled by these constants * This allows you to start separate components of the channel
* MBR_RX_SEQ - starts or stops the membership listener. In a multicast implementation * this will open a datagram socket and join a group and listen for membership messages * members joining * @see #start(int) * @see #stop(int) */ int MBR_RX_SEQ = 4; /** * Start and stop sequences can be controlled by these constants * This allows you to start separate components of the channel
* MBR_TX_SEQ - starts or stops the membership broadcaster. In a multicast implementation * this will open a datagram socket and join a group and broadcast the local member information * @see #start(int) * @see #stop(int) */ int MBR_TX_SEQ = 8; /** * Send options, when a message is sent, it can have an option flag * to trigger certain behavior. Most flags are used to trigger channel interceptors * as the message passes through the channel stack.
* However, there are five default flags that every channel implementation must implement
* SEND_OPTIONS_BYTE_MESSAGE - The message is a pure byte message and no marshaling or unmarshaling will * be performed.
* * @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_BYTE_MESSAGE = 0x0001; /** * Send options, when a message is sent, it can have an option flag * to trigger certain behavior. Most flags are used to trigger channel interceptors * as the message passes through the channel stack.
* However, there are five default flags that every channel implementation must implement
* SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK - Message is sent and an ACK is received when the message has been received by the recipient
* If no ack is received, the message is not considered successful
* @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK = 0x0002; /** * Send options, when a message is sent, it can have an option flag * to trigger certain behavior. Most flags are used to trigger channel interceptors * as the message passes through the channel stack.
* However, there are five default flags that every channel implementation must implement
* SEND_OPTIONS_SYNCHRONIZED_ACK - Message is sent and an ACK is received when the message has been received and * processed by the recipient
* If no ack is received, the message is not considered successful
* @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_SYNCHRONIZED_ACK = 0x0004; /** * Send options, when a message is sent, it can have an option flag * to trigger certain behavior. Most flags are used to trigger channel interceptors * as the message passes through the channel stack.
* However, there are five default flags that every channel implementation must implement
* SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS - Message will be placed on a queue and sent by a separate thread
* If the queue is full, behaviour depends on {@link MessageDispatchInterceptor#isAlwaysSend()} * @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS = 0x0008; /** * Send options, when a message is sent, it can have an option flag * to trigger certain behavior. Most flags are used to trigger channel interceptors * as the message passes through the channel stack.
* However, there are five default flags that every channel implementation must implement
* SEND_OPTIONS_SECURE - Message is sent over an encrypted channel
* @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_SECURE = 0x0010; /** * Send options. When a message is sent with this flag on * the system sends the message using UDP instead of TCP * @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_UDP = 0x0020; /** * Send options. When a message is sent with this flag on * the system sends a UDP message on the Multicast address instead of UDP or TCP to individual addresses * @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_MULTICAST = 0x0040; /** * Send options, when a message is sent, it can have an option flag * to trigger certain behavior. Most flags are used to trigger channel interceptors * as the message passes through the channel stack.
* However, there are five default flags that every channel implementation must implement
* SEND_OPTIONS_DEFAULT - the default sending options, just a helper variable.
* The default is int SEND_OPTIONS_DEFAULT = SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK;
* @see #SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK * @see #send(Member[], Serializable , int) * @see #send(Member[], Serializable, int, ErrorHandler) */ int SEND_OPTIONS_DEFAULT = SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK; /** * Adds an interceptor to the stack for message processing
* Interceptors are ordered in the way they are added.
* channel.addInterceptor(A);
* channel.addInterceptor(C);
* channel.addInterceptor(B);
* Will result in an interceptor stack like this:
* A -> C -> B
* The complete stack will look like this:
* Channel -> A -> C -> B -> ChannelCoordinator
* @param interceptor ChannelInterceptorBase */ void addInterceptor(ChannelInterceptor interceptor); /** * Starts up the channel. This can be called multiple times for individual services to start * The svc parameter can be the logical or value of any constants * @param svc int value of
* DEFAULT - will start all services
* MBR_RX_SEQ - starts the membership receiver
* MBR_TX_SEQ - starts the membership broadcaster
* SND_TX_SEQ - starts the replication transmitter
* SND_RX_SEQ - starts the replication receiver
* Note: In order for the membership broadcaster to * transmit the correct information, it has to be started after the replication receiver. * @throws ChannelException if a startup error occurs or the service is already started or an error occurs. */ void start(int svc) throws ChannelException; /** * Shuts down the channel. This can be called multiple times for individual services to shutdown * The svc parameter can be the logical or value of any constants * @param svc int value of
* DEFAULT - will shutdown all services
* MBR_RX_SEQ - stops the membership receiver
* MBR_TX_SEQ - stops the membership broadcaster
* SND_TX_SEQ - stops the replication transmitter
* SND_RX_SEQ - stops the replication receiver
* @throws ChannelException if a startup error occurs or the service is already stopped or an error occurs. */ void stop(int svc) throws ChannelException; /** * Send a message to one or more members in the cluster * @param destination Member[] - the destinations, cannot be null or zero length, the reason for that * is that a membership change can occur and at that time the application is uncertain what group the message * actually got sent to. * @param msg Serializable - the message to send, has to be serializable, or a ByteMessage to * send a pure byte array * @param options int - sender options, see class documentation for each interceptor that is configured in order to trigger interceptors * @return a unique Id that identifies the message that is sent * @throws ChannelException if a serialization error happens. * @see ByteMessage * @see #SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK * @see #SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS * @see #SEND_OPTIONS_SYNCHRONIZED_ACK */ UniqueId send(Member[] destination, Serializable msg, int options) throws ChannelException; /** * Send a message to one or more members in the cluster * @param destination Member[] - the destinations, null or zero length means all * @param msg ClusterMessage - the message to send * @param options int - sender options, see class documentation * @param handler ErrorHandler - handle errors through a callback, rather than throw it * @return a unique Id that identifies the message that is sent * @exception ChannelException - if a serialization error happens. */ UniqueId send(Member[] destination, Serializable msg, int options, ErrorHandler handler) throws ChannelException; /** * Sends a heart beat through the interceptor stacks * Use this method to alert interceptors and other components to * clean up garbage, timed out messages etc.
* If you application has a background thread, then you can save one thread, * by configuring your channel to not use an internal heartbeat thread * and invoking this method. * @see #setHeartbeat(boolean) */ void heartbeat(); /** * Enables or disables internal heartbeat. * @param enable boolean - default value is implementation specific * @see #heartbeat() */ void setHeartbeat(boolean enable); /** * Add a membership listener, will get notified when a new member joins, leaves or crashes *
If the membership listener implements the Heartbeat interface * the heartbeat() method will be invoked when the heartbeat runs on the channel * @param listener MembershipListener * @see MembershipListener */ void addMembershipListener(MembershipListener listener); /** * Add a channel listener, this is a callback object when messages are received *
If the channel listener implements the Heartbeat interface * the heartbeat() method will be invoked when the heartbeat runs on the channel * @param listener ChannelListener * @see ChannelListener * @see Heartbeat */ void addChannelListener(ChannelListener listener); /** * remove a membership listener, listeners are removed based on Object.hashCode and Object.equals * @param listener MembershipListener * @see MembershipListener */ void removeMembershipListener(MembershipListener listener); /** * remove a channel listener, listeners are removed based on Object.hashCode and Object.equals * @param listener ChannelListener * @see ChannelListener */ void removeChannelListener(ChannelListener listener); /** * Returns true if there are any members in the group, * this call is the same as getMembers().length > 0 * @return boolean - true if there are any members automatically discovered */ boolean hasMembers() ; /** * Get all current group members. * @return all members or empty array, never null */ Member[] getMembers() ; /** * Return the member that represents this node. This is also the data * that gets broadcasted through the membership broadcaster component * @param incAlive - optimization, true if you want it to calculate alive time * since the membership service started. * @return Member */ Member getLocalMember(boolean incAlive); /** * Returns the member from the membership service with complete and * recent data. Some implementations might serialize and send * membership information along with a message, and instead of sending * complete membership details, only send the primary identifier for the member * but not the payload or other information. When such message is received * the application can retrieve the cached member through this call.
* In most cases, this is not necessary. * @param mbr Member * @return Member */ Member getMember(Member mbr); /** * Return the name of this channel. * @return channel name */ String getName(); /** * Set the name of this channel * @param name The new channel name */ void setName(String name); /** * Return executor that can be used for utility tasks. * @return the executor */ ScheduledExecutorService getUtilityExecutor(); /** * Set the executor that can be used for utility tasks. * @param utilityExecutor the executor */ void setUtilityExecutor(ScheduledExecutorService utilityExecutor); /** * Translates the name of an option to its integer value. Valid option names are "asynchronous" (alias "async"), * "byte_message" (alias "byte"), "multicast", "secure", "synchronized_ack" (alias "sync"), "udp", "use_ack" * @param opt The name of the option * @return the int value of the passed option name */ static int getSendOptionValue(String opt){ switch (opt){ case "asynchronous": case "async": return SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS; case "byte_message": case "byte": return SEND_OPTIONS_BYTE_MESSAGE; case "multicast": return SEND_OPTIONS_MULTICAST; case "secure": return SEND_OPTIONS_SECURE; case "synchronized_ack": case "sync": return SEND_OPTIONS_SYNCHRONIZED_ACK; case "udp": return SEND_OPTIONS_UDP; case "use_ack": return SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK; } throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("[%s] is not a valid option", opt)); } /** * Translates a comma separated list of option names to their bitwise-ORd value * @param input A comma separated list of options, e.g. "async, multicast" * @return a bitwise ORd value of the passed option names */ static int parseSendOptions(String input){ try { return Integer.parseInt(input); } catch (NumberFormatException nfe){ final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Channel.class); log.trace(String.format("Failed to parse [%s] as integer, channelSendOptions possibly set by name(s)", input)); } String[] options = input.split("\\s*,\\s*"); int result = 0; for (String opt : options) { result |= getSendOptionValue(opt); } return result; } /** * Translates an integer value of SendOptions to its human-friendly comma separated value list for use in JMX and such. * @param input the int value of SendOptions * @return the human-friendly string representation in a reverse order (i.e. the last option will be shown first) */ static String getSendOptionsAsString(int input){ // allOptionNames must be in order of the bits of the available options final String[] allOptionNames = new String[]{ "byte", "use_ack", "sync", "async", "secure", "udp", "multicast" }; StringJoiner names = new StringJoiner(", "); for (int bit=allOptionNames.length - 1; bit >= 0; bit--){ // if the bit is set then add the name to the result if (((1 << bit) & input) > 0){ names.add(allOptionNames[bit]); } } return names.toString(); } }




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