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/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.io;



/**
 * A file output stream is an output stream for writing data to a
 * File or to a FileDescriptor. Whether or not
 * a file is available or may be created depends upon the underlying
 * platform.  Some platforms, in particular, allow a file to be opened
 * for writing by only one FileOutputStream (or other
 * file-writing object) at a time.  In such situations the constructors in
 * this class will fail if the file involved is already open.
 *
 * FileOutputStream is meant for writing streams of raw bytes
 * such as image data. For writing streams of characters, consider using
 * FileWriter.
 *
 * @author  Arthur van Hoff
 * @see     java.io.File
 * @see     java.io.FileDescriptor
 * @see     java.io.FileInputStream
 * @see     java.nio.file.Files#newOutputStream
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public
class FileOutputStream extends OutputStream
{
    /**
     * The system dependent file descriptor.
     */
    private final FileDescriptor fd;

    /**
     * True if the file is opened for append.
     */
    private final boolean append;

    /**
     * The associated channel, initalized lazily.
     */
//    private FileChannel channel;

    private final Object closeLock = new Object();
    private volatile boolean closed = false;
    private static final ThreadLocal runningFinalize =
        new ThreadLocal<>();

    private static boolean isRunningFinalize() {
        Boolean val;
        if ((val = runningFinalize.get()) != null)
            return val.booleanValue();
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a file output stream to write to the file with the
     * specified name. A new FileDescriptor object is
     * created to represent this file connection.
     * 

     * First, if there is a security manager, its checkWrite
     * method is called with name as its argument.
     * 

     * If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
     * not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
     * reason then a FileNotFoundException is thrown.
     *
     * @param      name   the system-dependent filename
     * @exception  FileNotFoundException  if the file exists but is a directory
     *                   rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
     *                   be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *               checkWrite method denies write access
     *               to the file.
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
     */
    public FileOutputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException {
        this(name != null ? new File(name) : null, false);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a file output stream to write to the file with the specified
     * name.  If the second argument is true, then
     * bytes will be written to the end of the file rather than the beginning.
     * A new FileDescriptor object is created to represent this
     * file connection.
     * 

     * First, if there is a security manager, its checkWrite
     * method is called with name as its argument.
     * 

     * If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
     * not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
     * reason then a FileNotFoundException is thrown.
     *
     * @param     name        the system-dependent file name
     * @param     append      if true, then bytes will be written
     *                   to the end of the file rather than the beginning
     * @exception  FileNotFoundException  if the file exists but is a directory
     *                   rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
     *                   be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *               checkWrite method denies write access
     *               to the file.
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public FileOutputStream(String name, boolean append)
        throws FileNotFoundException
    {
        this(name != null ? new File(name) : null, append);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a file output stream to write to the file represented by
     * the specified File object. A new
     * FileDescriptor object is created to represent this
     * file connection.
     * 

     * First, if there is a security manager, its checkWrite
     * method is called with the path represented by the file
     * argument as its argument.
     * 

     * If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
     * not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
     * reason then a FileNotFoundException is thrown.
     *
     * @param      file               the file to be opened for writing.
     * @exception  FileNotFoundException  if the file exists but is a directory
     *                   rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
     *                   be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *               checkWrite method denies write access
     *               to the file.
     * @see        java.io.File#getPath()
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
     */
    public FileOutputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
        this(file, false);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a file output stream to write to the file represented by
     * the specified File object. If the second argument is
     * true, then bytes will be written to the end of the file
     * rather than the beginning. A new FileDescriptor object is
     * created to represent this file connection.
     * 

     * First, if there is a security manager, its checkWrite
     * method is called with the path represented by the file
     * argument as its argument.
     * 

     * If the file exists but is a directory rather than a regular file, does
     * not exist but cannot be created, or cannot be opened for any other
     * reason then a FileNotFoundException is thrown.
     *
     * @param      file               the file to be opened for writing.
     * @param     append      if true, then bytes will be written
     *                   to the end of the file rather than the beginning
     * @exception  FileNotFoundException  if the file exists but is a directory
     *                   rather than a regular file, does not exist but cannot
     *                   be created, or cannot be opened for any other reason
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *               checkWrite method denies write access
     *               to the file.
     * @see        java.io.File#getPath()
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityException
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public FileOutputStream(File file, boolean append)
        throws FileNotFoundException
    {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a file output stream to write to the specified file
     * descriptor, which represents an existing connection to an actual
     * file in the file system.
     * 

     * First, if there is a security manager, its checkWrite
     * method is called with the file descriptor fdObj
     * argument as its argument.
     * 

     * If fdObj is null then a NullPointerException
     * is thrown.
     * 

     * This constructor does not throw an exception if fdObj
     * is {@link java.io.FileDescriptor#valid() invalid}.
     * However, if the methods are invoked on the resulting stream to attempt
     * I/O on the stream, an IOException is thrown.
     *
     * @param      fdObj   the file descriptor to be opened for writing
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *               checkWrite method denies
     *               write access to the file descriptor
     * @see        java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.io.FileDescriptor)
     */
    public FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor fdObj) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Opens a file, with the specified name, for overwriting or appending.
     * @param name name of file to be opened
     * @param append whether the file is to be opened in append mode
     */
    private native void open(String name, boolean append)
        throws FileNotFoundException;

    /**
     * Writes the specified byte to this file output stream.
     *
     * @param   b   the byte to be written.
     * @param   append   {@code true} if the write operation first
     *     advances the position to the end of file
     */
    private native void write(int b, boolean append) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes the specified byte to this file output stream. Implements
     * the write method of OutputStream.
     *
     * @param      b   the byte to be written.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
        write(b, append);
    }

    /**
     * Writes a sub array as a sequence of bytes.
     * @param b the data to be written
     * @param off the start offset in the data
     * @param len the number of bytes that are written
     * @param append {@code true} to first advance the position to the
     *     end of file
     * @exception IOException If an I/O error has occurred.
     */
    private native void writeBytes(byte b[], int off, int len, boolean append)
        throws IOException;

    /**
     * Writes b.length bytes from the specified byte array
     * to this file output stream.
     *
     * @param      b   the data.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException {
        writeBytes(b, 0, b.length, append);
    }

    /**
     * Writes len bytes from the specified byte array
     * starting at offset off to this file output stream.
     *
     * @param      b     the data.
     * @param      off   the start offset in the data.
     * @param      len   the number of bytes to write.
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
        writeBytes(b, off, len, append);
    }

    /**
     * Closes this file output stream and releases any system resources
     * associated with this stream. This file output stream may no longer
     * be used for writing bytes.
     *
     * 
 If this stream has an associated channel then the channel is closed
     * as well.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     *
     * @revised 1.4
     * @spec JSR-51
     */
    public void close() throws IOException {
        synchronized (closeLock) {
            if (closed) {
                return;
            }
            closed = true;
        }
//
//        if (channel != null) {
//            /*
//             * Decrement FD use count associated with the channel
//             * The use count is incremented whenever a new channel
//             * is obtained from this stream.
//             */
//            fd.decrementAndGetUseCount();
//            channel.close();
//        }

        /*
         * Decrement FD use count associated with this stream
         */
        int useCount = fd.decrementAndGetUseCount();

        /*
         * If FileDescriptor is still in use by another stream, the finalizer
         * will not close it.
         */
        if ((useCount <= 0) || !isRunningFinalize()) {
            close0();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the file descriptor associated with this stream.
     *
     * @return  the FileDescriptor object that represents
     *          the connection to the file in the file system being used
     *          by this FileOutputStream object.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.io.FileDescriptor
     */
     public final FileDescriptor getFD()  throws IOException {
        if (fd != null) return fd;
        throw new IOException();
     }

    /**
     * Returns the unique {@link java.nio.channels.FileChannel FileChannel}
     * object associated with this file output stream. 
     *
     *  The initial {@link java.nio.channels.FileChannel#position()
     * position} of the returned channel will be equal to the
     * number of bytes written to the file so far unless this stream is in
     * append mode, in which case it will be equal to the size of the file.
     * Writing bytes to this stream will increment the channel's position
     * accordingly.  Changing the channel's position, either explicitly or by
     * writing, will change this stream's file position.
     *
     * @return  the file channel associated with this file output stream
     *
     * @since 1.4
     * @spec JSR-51
     */
//    public FileChannel getChannel() {
//        synchronized (this) {
//            if (channel == null) {
//                channel = FileChannelImpl.open(fd, false, true, append, this);
//
//                /*
//                 * Increment fd's use count. Invoking the channel's close()
//                 * method will result in decrementing the use count set for
//                 * the channel.
//                 */
//                fd.incrementAndGetUseCount();
//            }
//            return channel;
//        }
//    }

    /**
     * Cleans up the connection to the file, and ensures that the
     * close method of this file output stream is
     * called when there are no more references to this stream.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs.
     * @see        java.io.FileInputStream#close()
     */
    protected void finalize() throws IOException {
        if (fd != null) {
            if (fd == FileDescriptor.out || fd == FileDescriptor.err) {
                flush();
            } else {

                /*
                 * Finalizer should not release the FileDescriptor if another
                 * stream is still using it. If the user directly invokes
                 * close() then the FileDescriptor is also released.
                 */
                runningFinalize.set(Boolean.TRUE);
                try {
                    close();
                } finally {
                    runningFinalize.set(Boolean.FALSE);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private native void close0() throws IOException;

    private static native void initIDs();

    static {
        initIDs();
    }

}