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/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.lang;

import java.util.Map;


/**
 * A thread is a thread of execution in a program. The Java
 * Virtual Machine allows an application to have multiple threads of
 * execution running concurrently.
 * 
 * Every thread has a priority. Threads with higher priority are
 * executed in preference to threads with lower priority. Each thread
 * may or may not also be marked as a daemon. When code running in
 * some thread creates a new Thread object, the new
 * thread has its priority initially set equal to the priority of the
 * creating thread, and is a daemon thread if and only if the
 * creating thread is a daemon.
 * 

 * When a Java Virtual Machine starts up, there is usually a single
 * non-daemon thread (which typically calls the method named
 * main of some designated class). The Java Virtual
 * Machine continues to execute threads until either of the following
 * occurs:
 * 

 * The exit method of class Runtime has been
 *     called and the security manager has permitted the exit operation
 *     to take place.
 * 
All threads that are not daemon threads have died, either by
 *     returning from the call to the run method or by
 *     throwing an exception that propagates beyond the run
 *     method.
 * 
 * 
 * There are two ways to create a new thread of execution. One is to
 * declare a class to be a subclass of Thread. This
 * subclass should override the run method of class
 * Thread. An instance of the subclass can then be
 * allocated and started. For example, a thread that computes primes
 * larger than a stated value could be written as follows:
 * 
 *     class PrimeThread extends Thread {
 *         long minPrime;
 *         PrimeThread(long minPrime) {
 *             this.minPrime = minPrime;
 *         }
 *
 *         public void run() {
 *             // compute primes larger than minPrime
 *              . . .
 *         }
 *     }
 * 

 * 
 * The following code would then create a thread and start it running:
 * 
 *     PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143);
 *     p.start();
 * 
 * 
 * The other way to create a thread is to declare a class that
 * implements the Runnable interface. That class then
 * implements the run method. An instance of the class can
 * then be allocated, passed as an argument when creating
 * Thread, and started. The same example in this other
 * style looks like the following:
 * 
 *     class PrimeRun implements Runnable {
 *         long minPrime;
 *         PrimeRun(long minPrime) {
 *             this.minPrime = minPrime;
 *         }
 *
 *         public void run() {
 *             // compute primes larger than minPrime
 *              . . .
 *         }
 *     }
 * 

 * 
 * The following code would then create a thread and start it running:
 * 
 *     PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143);
 *     new Thread(p).start();
 * 
 * 
 * Every thread has a name for identification purposes. More than
 * one thread may have the same name. If a name is not specified when
 * a thread is created, a new name is generated for it.
 * 

 * Unless otherwise noted, passing a {@code null} argument to a constructor
 * or method in this class will cause a {@link NullPointerException} to be
 * thrown.
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @see     Runnable
 * @see     Runtime#exit(int)
 * @see     #run()
 * @see     #stop()
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public
class Thread implements Runnable {

    /**
     * The minimum priority that a thread can have.
     */
    public final static int MIN_PRIORITY = 1;

   /**
     * The default priority that is assigned to a thread.
     */
    public final static int NORM_PRIORITY = 5;

    /**
     * The maximum priority that a thread can have.
     */
    public final static int MAX_PRIORITY = 10;

    private static final Thread ONE = new Thread("main");
    /**
     * Returns a reference to the currently executing thread object.
     *
     * @return  the currently executing thread.
     */
    public static Thread currentThread() {
        return ONE;
    }

    /**
     * A hint to the scheduler that the current thread is willing to yield
     * its current use of a processor. The scheduler is free to ignore this
     * hint.
     *
     * 
 Yield is a heuristic attempt to improve relative progression
     * between threads that would otherwise over-utilise a CPU. Its use
     * should be combined with detailed profiling and benchmarking to
     * ensure that it actually has the desired effect.
     *
     * 
 It is rarely appropriate to use this method. It may be useful
     * for debugging or testing purposes, where it may help to reproduce
     * bugs due to race conditions. It may also be useful when designing
     * concurrency control constructs such as the ones in the
     * {@link java.util.concurrent.locks} package.
     */
    public static void yield() {
    }

    /**
     * Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease
     * execution) for the specified number of milliseconds, subject to
     * the precision and accuracy of system timers and schedulers. The thread
     * does not lose ownership of any monitors.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the length of time to sleep in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          interrupted status of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public static native void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;

    /**
     * Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease
     * execution) for the specified number of milliseconds plus the specified
     * number of nanoseconds, subject to the precision and accuracy of system
     * timers and schedulers. The thread does not lose ownership of any
     * monitors.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the length of time to sleep in milliseconds
     *
     * @param  nanos
     *         {@code 0-999999} additional nanoseconds to sleep
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative, or the value of
     *          {@code nanos} is not in the range {@code 0-999999}
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          interrupted status of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public static void sleep(long millis, int nanos)
    throws InterruptedException {
        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                "nanosecond timeout value out of range");
        }

        if (nanos >= 500000 || (nanos != 0 && millis == 0)) {
            millis++;
        }

        sleep(millis);
    }
    private Runnable target;
    private String name;

    /**
     * Throws CloneNotSupportedException as a Thread can not be meaningfully
     * cloned. Construct a new Thread instead.
     *
     * @throws  CloneNotSupportedException
     *          always
     */
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        throw new CloneNotSupportedException();
    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
     * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
     * {@code (null, null, gname)}, where {@code gname} is a newly generated
     * name. Automatically generated names are of the form
     * {@code "Thread-"+}n, where n is an integer.
     */
    public Thread() {
        init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
    }
    
    private static int nextThreadNum() {
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
     * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
     * {@code (null, target, gname)}, where {@code gname} is a newly generated
     * name. Automatically generated names are of the form
     * {@code "Thread-"+}n, where n is an integer.
     *
     * @param  target
     *         the object whose {@code run} method is invoked when this thread
     *         is started. If {@code null}, this classes {@code run} method does
     *         nothing.
     */
    public Thread(Runnable target) {
        init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
     * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
     * {@code (group, target, gname)} ,where {@code gname} is a newly generated
     * name. Automatically generated names are of the form
     * {@code "Thread-"+}n, where n is an integer.
     *
     * @param  group
     *         the thread group. If {@code null} and there is a security
     *         manager, the group is determined by {@linkplain
     *         SecurityManager#getThreadGroup SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()}.
     *         If there is not a security manager or {@code
     *         SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()} returns {@code null}, the group
     *         is set to the current thread's thread group.
     *
     * @param  target
     *         the object whose {@code run} method is invoked when this thread
     *         is started. If {@code null}, this thread's run method is invoked.
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified
     *          thread group
     */
//    public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target) {
//        init(group, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
//    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
     * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
     * {@code (null, null, name)}.
     *
     * @param   name
     *          the name of the new thread
     */
    public Thread(String name) {
        init(null, null, name, 0);
    }
    
    private void init(Object o1, Runnable trgt, String nm, int i4) {
        this.target = trgt;
        this.name = nm;
    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
     * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
     * {@code (group, null, name)}.
     *
     * @param  group
     *         the thread group. If {@code null} and there is a security
     *         manager, the group is determined by {@linkplain
     *         SecurityManager#getThreadGroup SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()}.
     *         If there is not a security manager or {@code
     *         SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()} returns {@code null}, the group
     *         is set to the current thread's thread group.
     *
     * @param  name
     *         the name of the new thread
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified
     *          thread group
     */
//    public Thread(ThreadGroup group, String name) {
//        init(group, null, name, 0);
//    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
     * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
     * {@code (null, target, name)}.
     *
     * @param  target
     *         the object whose {@code run} method is invoked when this thread
     *         is started. If {@code null}, this thread's run method is invoked.
     *
     * @param  name
     *         the name of the new thread
     */
    public Thread(Runnable target, String name) {
        init(null, target, name, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object so that it has {@code target}
     * as its run object, has the specified {@code name} as its name,
     * and belongs to the thread group referred to by {@code group}.
     *
     * 
If there is a security manager, its
     * {@link SecurityManager#checkAccess(ThreadGroup) checkAccess}
     * method is invoked with the ThreadGroup as its argument.
     *
     * 
In addition, its {@code checkPermission} method is invoked with
     * the {@code RuntimePermission("enableContextClassLoaderOverride")}
     * permission when invoked directly or indirectly by the constructor
     * of a subclass which overrides the {@code getContextClassLoader}
     * or {@code setContextClassLoader} methods.
     *
     * 
The priority of the newly created thread is set equal to the
     * priority of the thread creating it, that is, the currently running
     * thread. The method {@linkplain #setPriority setPriority} may be
     * used to change the priority to a new value.
     *
     * 
The newly created thread is initially marked as being a daemon
     * thread if and only if the thread creating it is currently marked
     * as a daemon thread. The method {@linkplain #setDaemon setDaemon}
     * may be used to change whether or not a thread is a daemon.
     *
     * @param  group
     *         the thread group. If {@code null} and there is a security
     *         manager, the group is determined by {@linkplain
     *         SecurityManager#getThreadGroup SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()}.
     *         If there is not a security manager or {@code
     *         SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()} returns {@code null}, the group
     *         is set to the current thread's thread group.
     *
     * @param  target
     *         the object whose {@code run} method is invoked when this thread
     *         is started. If {@code null}, this thread's run method is invoked.
     *
     * @param  name
     *         the name of the new thread
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified
     *          thread group or cannot override the context class loader methods.
     */
//    public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name) {
//        init(group, target, name, 0);
//    }

    /**
     * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object so that it has {@code target}
     * as its run object, has the specified {@code name} as its name,
     * and belongs to the thread group referred to by {@code group}, and has
     * the specified stack size.
     *
     * 
This constructor is identical to {@link
     * #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String)} with the exception of the fact
     * that it allows the thread stack size to be specified.  The stack size
     * is the approximate number of bytes of address space that the virtual
     * machine is to allocate for this thread's stack.  The effect of the
     * {@code stackSize} parameter, if any, is highly platform dependent.
     *
     * 
On some platforms, specifying a higher value for the
     * {@code stackSize} parameter may allow a thread to achieve greater
     * recursion depth before throwing a {@link StackOverflowError}.
     * Similarly, specifying a lower value may allow a greater number of
     * threads to exist concurrently without throwing an {@link
     * OutOfMemoryError} (or other internal error).  The details of
     * the relationship between the value of the stackSize parameter
     * and the maximum recursion depth and concurrency level are
     * platform-dependent.  On some platforms, the value of the
     * {@code stackSize} parameter may have no effect whatsoever.
     *
     * 
The virtual machine is free to treat the {@code stackSize}
     * parameter as a suggestion.  If the specified value is unreasonably low
     * for the platform, the virtual machine may instead use some
     * platform-specific minimum value; if the specified value is unreasonably
     * high, the virtual machine may instead use some platform-specific
     * maximum.  Likewise, the virtual machine is free to round the specified
     * value up or down as it sees fit (or to ignore it completely).
     *
     * 
Specifying a value of zero for the {@code stackSize} parameter will
     * cause this constructor to behave exactly like the
     * {@code Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)} constructor.
     *
     * 
Due to the platform-dependent nature of the behavior of this
     * constructor, extreme care should be exercised in its use.
     * The thread stack size necessary to perform a given computation will
     * likely vary from one JRE implementation to another.  In light of this
     * variation, careful tuning of the stack size parameter may be required,
     * and the tuning may need to be repeated for each JRE implementation on
     * which an application is to run.
     *
     * 
Implementation note: Java platform implementers are encouraged to
     * document their implementation's behavior with respect to the
     * {@code stackSize} parameter.
     *
     *
     * @param  group
     *         the thread group. If {@code null} and there is a security
     *         manager, the group is determined by {@linkplain
     *         SecurityManager#getThreadGroup SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()}.
     *         If there is not a security manager or {@code
     *         SecurityManager.getThreadGroup()} returns {@code null}, the group
     *         is set to the current thread's thread group.
     *
     * @param  target
     *         the object whose {@code run} method is invoked when this thread
     *         is started. If {@code null}, this thread's run method is invoked.
     *
     * @param  name
     *         the name of the new thread
     *
     * @param  stackSize
     *         the desired stack size for the new thread, or zero to indicate
     *         that this parameter is to be ignored.
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot create a thread in the specified
     *          thread group
     *
     * @since 1.4
     */
//    public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name,
//                  long stackSize) {
//        init(group, target, name, stackSize);
//    }

    /**
     * Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine
     * calls the run method of this thread.
     * 

     * The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the
     * current thread (which returns from the call to the
     * start method) and the other thread (which executes its
     * run method).
     * 

     * It is never legal to start a thread more than once.
     * In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
     * execution.
     *
     * @exception  IllegalThreadStateException  if the thread was already
     *               started.
     * @see        #run()
     * @see        #stop()
     */
    public void start() {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * If this thread was constructed using a separate
     * Runnable run object, then that
     * Runnable object's run method is called;
     * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.
     * 

     * Subclasses of Thread should override this method.
     *
     * @see     #start()
     * @see     #stop()
     * @see     #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
     */
    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (target != null) {
            target.run();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Forces the thread to stop executing.
     * 

     * If there is a security manager installed, its checkAccess
     * method is called with this
     * as its argument. This may result in a
     * SecurityException being raised (in the current thread).
     * 

     * If this thread is different from the current thread (that is, the current
     * thread is trying to stop a thread other than itself), the
     * security manager's checkPermission method (with a
     * RuntimePermission("stopThread") argument) is called in
     * addition.
     * Again, this may result in throwing a
     * SecurityException (in the current thread).
     * 

     * The thread represented by this thread is forced to stop whatever
     * it is doing abnormally and to throw a newly created
     * ThreadDeath object as an exception.
     * 

     * It is permitted to stop a thread that has not yet been started.
     * If the thread is eventually started, it immediately terminates.
     * 

     * An application should not normally try to catch
     * ThreadDeath unless it must do some extraordinary
     * cleanup operation (note that the throwing of
     * ThreadDeath causes finally clauses of
     * try statements to be executed before the thread
     * officially dies).  If a catch clause catches a
     * ThreadDeath object, it is important to rethrow the
     * object so that the thread actually dies.
     * 

     * The top-level error handler that reacts to otherwise uncaught
     * exceptions does not print out a message or otherwise notify the
     * application if the uncaught exception is an instance of
     * ThreadDeath.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot
     *               modify this thread.
     * @see        #interrupt()
     * @see        #checkAccess()
     * @see        #run()
     * @see        #start()
     * @see        ThreadDeath
     * @see        ThreadGroup#uncaughtException(Thread,Throwable)
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @deprecated This method is inherently unsafe.  Stopping a thread with
     *       Thread.stop causes it to unlock all of the monitors that it
     *       has locked (as a natural consequence of the unchecked
     *       ThreadDeath exception propagating up the stack).  If
     *       any of the objects previously protected by these monitors were in
     *       an inconsistent state, the damaged objects become visible to
     *       other threads, potentially resulting in arbitrary behavior.  Many
     *       uses of stop should be replaced by code that simply
     *       modifies some variable to indicate that the target thread should
     *       stop running.  The target thread should check this variable
     *       regularly, and return from its run method in an orderly fashion
     *       if the variable indicates that it is to stop running.  If the
     *       target thread waits for long periods (on a condition variable,
     *       for example), the interrupt method should be used to
     *       interrupt the wait.
     *       For more information, see
     *       Why
     *       are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public final void stop() {
        stop(null);
    }

    /**
     * Forces the thread to stop executing.
     * 

     * If there is a security manager installed, the checkAccess
     * method of this thread is called, which may result in a
     * SecurityException being raised (in the current thread).
     * 

     * If this thread is different from the current thread (that is, the current
     * thread is trying to stop a thread other than itself) or
     * obj is not an instance of ThreadDeath, the
     * security manager's checkPermission method (with the
     * RuntimePermission("stopThread") argument) is called in
     * addition.
     * Again, this may result in throwing a
     * SecurityException (in the current thread).
     * 

     * If the argument obj is null, a
     * NullPointerException is thrown (in the current thread).
     * 

     * The thread represented by this thread is forced to stop
     * whatever it is doing abnormally and to throw the
     * Throwable object obj as an exception. This
     * is an unusual action to take; normally, the stop method
     * that takes no arguments should be used.
     * 

     * It is permitted to stop a thread that has not yet been started.
     * If the thread is eventually started, it immediately terminates.
     *
     * @param      obj   the Throwable object to be thrown.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify
     *               this thread.
     * @throws     NullPointerException if obj is null.
     * @see        #interrupt()
     * @see        #checkAccess()
     * @see        #run()
     * @see        #start()
     * @see        #stop()
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @deprecated This method is inherently unsafe.  See {@link #stop()}
     *        for details.  An additional danger of this
     *        method is that it may be used to generate exceptions that the
     *        target thread is unprepared to handle (including checked
     *        exceptions that the thread could not possibly throw, were it
     *        not for this method).
     *        For more information, see
     *        Why
     *        are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public final synchronized void stop(Throwable obj) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Interrupts this thread.
     *
     * 
 Unless the current thread is interrupting itself, which is
     * always permitted, the {@link #checkAccess() checkAccess} method
     * of this thread is invoked, which may cause a {@link
     * SecurityException} to be thrown.
     *
     * 
 If this thread is blocked in an invocation of the {@link
     * Object#wait() wait()}, {@link Object#wait(long) wait(long)}, or {@link
     * Object#wait(long, int) wait(long, int)} methods of the {@link Object}
     * class, or of the {@link #join()}, {@link #join(long)}, {@link
     * #join(long, int)}, {@link #sleep(long)}, or {@link #sleep(long, int)},
     * methods of this class, then its interrupt status will be cleared and it
     * will receive an {@link InterruptedException}.
     *
     *  If this thread is blocked in an I/O operation upon an {@link
     * java.nio.channels.InterruptibleChannel interruptible
     * channel} then the channel will be closed, the thread's interrupt
     * status will be set, and the thread will receive a {@link
     * java.nio.channels.ClosedByInterruptException}.
     *
     * 
 If this thread is blocked in a {@link java.nio.channels.Selector}
     * then the thread's interrupt status will be set and it will return
     * immediately from the selection operation, possibly with a non-zero
     * value, just as if the selector's {@link
     * java.nio.channels.Selector#wakeup wakeup} method were invoked.
     *
     * 
 If none of the previous conditions hold then this thread's interrupt
     * status will be set. 

     *
     *  Interrupting a thread that is not alive need not have any effect.
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot modify this thread
     *
     * @revised 6.0
     * @spec JSR-51
     */
    public void interrupt() {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Tests whether the current thread has been interrupted.  The
     * interrupted status of the thread is cleared by this method.  In
     * other words, if this method were to be called twice in succession, the
     * second call would return false (unless the current thread were
     * interrupted again, after the first call had cleared its interrupted
     * status and before the second call had examined it).
     *
     * 
A thread interruption ignored because a thread was not alive
     * at the time of the interrupt will be reflected by this method
     * returning false.
     *
     * @return  true if the current thread has been interrupted;
     *          false otherwise.
     * @see #isInterrupted()
     * @revised 6.0
     */
    public static boolean interrupted() {
        return currentThread().isInterrupted();
    }

    /**
     * Tests whether this thread has been interrupted.  The interrupted
     * status of the thread is unaffected by this method.
     *
     * 
A thread interruption ignored because a thread was not alive
     * at the time of the interrupt will be reflected by this method
     * returning false.
     *
     * @return  true if this thread has been interrupted;
     *          false otherwise.
     * @see     #interrupted()
     * @revised 6.0
     */
    public boolean isInterrupted() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Throws {@link NoSuchMethodError}.
     *
     * @deprecated This method was originally designed to destroy this
     *     thread without any cleanup. Any monitors it held would have
     *     remained locked. However, the method was never implemented.
     *     If if were to be implemented, it would be deadlock-prone in
     *     much the manner of {@link #suspend}. If the target thread held
     *     a lock protecting a critical system resource when it was
     *     destroyed, no thread could ever access this resource again.
     *     If another thread ever attempted to lock this resource, deadlock
     *     would result. Such deadlocks typically manifest themselves as
     *     "frozen" processes. For more information, see
     *     
     *     Why are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
     * @throws NoSuchMethodError always
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void destroy() {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Tests if this thread is alive. A thread is alive if it has
     * been started and has not yet died.
     *
     * @return  true if this thread is alive;
     *          false otherwise.
     */
    public final boolean isAlive() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Suspends this thread.
     * 

     * First, the checkAccess method of this thread is called
     * with no arguments. This may result in throwing a
     * SecurityException (in the current thread).
     * 

     * If the thread is alive, it is suspended and makes no further
     * progress unless and until it is resumed.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify
     *               this thread.
     * @see #checkAccess
     * @deprecated   This method has been deprecated, as it is
     *   inherently deadlock-prone.  If the target thread holds a lock on the
     *   monitor protecting a critical system resource when it is suspended, no
     *   thread can access this resource until the target thread is resumed. If
     *   the thread that would resume the target thread attempts to lock this
     *   monitor prior to calling resume, deadlock results.  Such
     *   deadlocks typically manifest themselves as "frozen" processes.
     *   For more information, see
     *   Why
     *   are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public final void suspend() {
        checkAccess();
    }

    /**
     * Resumes a suspended thread.
     * 

     * First, the checkAccess method of this thread is called
     * with no arguments. This may result in throwing a
     * SecurityException (in the current thread).
     * 

     * If the thread is alive but suspended, it is resumed and is
     * permitted to make progress in its execution.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify this
     *               thread.
     * @see        #checkAccess
     * @see        #suspend()
     * @deprecated This method exists solely for use with {@link #suspend},
     *     which has been deprecated because it is deadlock-prone.
     *     For more information, see
     *     Why
     *     are Thread.stop, Thread.suspend and Thread.resume Deprecated?.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public final void resume() {
        checkAccess();
    }

    /**
     * Changes the priority of this thread.
     * 

     * First the checkAccess method of this thread is called
     * with no arguments. This may result in throwing a
     * SecurityException.
     * 

     * Otherwise, the priority of this thread is set to the smaller of
     * the specified newPriority and the maximum permitted
     * priority of the thread's thread group.
     *
     * @param newPriority priority to set this thread to
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException  If the priority is not in the
     *               range MIN_PRIORITY to
     *               MAX_PRIORITY.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify
     *               this thread.
     * @see        #getPriority
     * @see        #checkAccess()
     * @see        #getThreadGroup()
     * @see        #MAX_PRIORITY
     * @see        #MIN_PRIORITY
     * @see        ThreadGroup#getMaxPriority()
     */
    public final void setPriority(int newPriority) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns this thread's priority.
     *
     * @return  this thread's priority.
     * @see     #setPriority
     */
    public final int getPriority() {
        return Thread.NORM_PRIORITY;
    }

    /**
     * Changes the name of this thread to be equal to the argument
     * name.
     * 

     * First the checkAccess method of this thread is called
     * with no arguments. This may result in throwing a
     * SecurityException.
     *
     * @param      name   the new name for this thread.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread cannot modify this
     *               thread.
     * @see        #getName
     * @see        #checkAccess()
     */
    public final void setName(String name) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns this thread's name.
     *
     * @return  this thread's name.
     * @see     #setName(String)
     */
    public final String getName() {
        return String.valueOf(name);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the thread group to which this thread belongs.
     * This method returns null if this thread has died
     * (been stopped).
     *
     * @return  this thread's thread group.
     */
//    public final ThreadGroup getThreadGroup() {
//        return group;
//    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of active threads in the current
     * thread's {@linkplain java.lang.ThreadGroup thread group} and its
     * subgroups. Recursively iterates over all subgroups in the current
     * thread's thread group.
     *
     * 
 The value returned is only an estimate because the number of
     * threads may change dynamically while this method traverses internal
     * data structures, and might be affected by the presence of certain
     * system threads. This method is intended primarily for debugging
     * and monitoring purposes.
     *
     * @return  an estimate of the number of active threads in the current
     *          thread's thread group and in any other thread group that
     *          has the current thread's thread group as an ancestor
     */
    public static int activeCount() {
        return 1;
    }

    /**
     * Copies into the specified array every active thread in the current
     * thread's thread group and its subgroups. This method simply
     * invokes the {@link java.lang.ThreadGroup#enumerate(Thread[])}
     * method of the current thread's thread group.
     *
     * 
 An application might use the {@linkplain #activeCount activeCount}
     * method to get an estimate of how big the array should be, however
     * if the array is too short to hold all the threads, the extra threads
     * are silently ignored.  If it is critical to obtain every active
     * thread in the current thread's thread group and its subgroups, the
     * invoker should verify that the returned int value is strictly less
     * than the length of {@code tarray}.
     *
     * 
 Due to the inherent race condition in this method, it is recommended
     * that the method only be used for debugging and monitoring purposes.
     *
     * @param  tarray
     *         an array into which to put the list of threads
     *
     * @return  the number of threads put into the array
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if {@link java.lang.ThreadGroup#checkAccess} determines that
     *          the current thread cannot access its thread group
     */
    public static int enumerate(Thread tarray[]) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Counts the number of stack frames in this thread. The thread must
     * be suspended.
     *
     * @return     the number of stack frames in this thread.
     * @exception  IllegalThreadStateException  if this thread is not
     *             suspended.
     * @deprecated The definition of this call depends on {@link #suspend},
     *             which is deprecated.  Further, the results of this call
     *             were never well-defined.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public native int countStackFrames();

    /**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
     * die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
     *
     * 
 This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          interrupted status of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis)
    throws InterruptedException {
        long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long now = 0;

        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (millis == 0) {
            while (isAlive()) {
                wait(0);
            }
        } else {
            while (isAlive()) {
                long delay = millis - now;
                if (delay <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                wait(delay);
                now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds plus
     * {@code nanos} nanoseconds for this thread to die.
     *
     * 
 This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @param  nanos
     *         {@code 0-999999} additional nanoseconds to wait
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative, or the value
     *          of {@code nanos} is not in the range {@code 0-999999}
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          interrupted status of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis, int nanos)
    throws InterruptedException {

        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                "nanosecond timeout value out of range");
        }

        if (nanos >= 500000 || (nanos != 0 && millis == 0)) {
            millis++;
        }

        join(millis);
    }

    /**
     * Waits for this thread to die.
     *
     * 
 An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
     * way as the invocation
     *
     * 

     * {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
     * 
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          interrupted status of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
        join(0);
    }

    /**
     * Prints a stack trace of the current thread to the standard error stream.
     * This method is used only for debugging.
     *
     * @see     Throwable#printStackTrace()
     */
    public static void dumpStack() {
        new Exception("Stack trace").printStackTrace();
    }

    /**
     * Marks this thread as either a {@linkplain #isDaemon daemon} thread
     * or a user thread. The Java Virtual Machine exits when the only
     * threads running are all daemon threads.
     *
     *  This method must be invoked before the thread is started.
     *
     * @param  on
     *         if {@code true}, marks this thread as a daemon thread
     *
     * @throws  IllegalThreadStateException
     *          if this thread is {@linkplain #isAlive alive}
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if {@link #checkAccess} determines that the current
     *          thread cannot modify this thread
     */
    public final void setDaemon(boolean on) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Tests if this thread is a daemon thread.
     *
     * @return  true if this thread is a daemon thread;
     *          false otherwise.
     * @see     #setDaemon(boolean)
     */
    public final boolean isDaemon() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the currently running thread has permission to
     * modify this thread.
     * 

     * If there is a security manager, its checkAccess method
     * is called with this thread as its argument. This may result in
     * throwing a SecurityException.
     *
     * @exception  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed to
     *               access this thread.
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
     */
    public final void checkAccess() {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this thread, including the
     * thread's name, priority, and thread group.
     *
     * @return  a string representation of this thread.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return "Thread[" + getName() + "," + getPriority() + "," +
                        "" + "]";
    }

    /**
     * Returns the context ClassLoader for this Thread. The context
     * ClassLoader is provided by the creator of the thread for use
     * by code running in this thread when loading classes and resources.
     * If not {@linkplain #setContextClassLoader set}, the default is the
     * ClassLoader context of the parent Thread. The context ClassLoader of the
     * primordial thread is typically set to the class loader used to load the
     * application.
     *
     * 
If a security manager is present, and the invoker's class loader is not
     * {@code null} and is not the same as or an ancestor of the context class
     * loader, then this method invokes the security manager's {@link
     * SecurityManager#checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission}
     * method with a {@link RuntimePermission RuntimePermission}{@code
     * ("getClassLoader")} permission to verify that retrieval of the context
     * class loader is permitted.
     *
     * @return  the context ClassLoader for this Thread, or {@code null}
     *          indicating the system class loader (or, failing that, the
     *          bootstrap class loader)
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot get the context ClassLoader
     *
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public ClassLoader getContextClassLoader() {
        return ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the context ClassLoader for this Thread. The context
     * ClassLoader can be set when a thread is created, and allows
     * the creator of the thread to provide the appropriate class loader,
     * through {@code getContextClassLoader}, to code running in the thread
     * when loading classes and resources.
     *
     * 
If a security manager is present, its {@link
     * SecurityManager#checkPermission(java.security.Permission) checkPermission}
     * method is invoked with a {@link RuntimePermission RuntimePermission}{@code
     * ("setContextClassLoader")} permission to see if setting the context
     * ClassLoader is permitted.
     *
     * @param  cl
     *         the context ClassLoader for this Thread, or null  indicating the
     *         system class loader (or, failing that, the bootstrap class loader)
     *
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          if the current thread cannot set the context ClassLoader
     *
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public void setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader cl) {
        if (cl == ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()) {
            return;
        }
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if and only if the current thread holds the
     * monitor lock on the specified object.
     *
     * 
This method is designed to allow a program to assert that
     * the current thread already holds a specified lock:
     * 
     *     assert Thread.holdsLock(obj);
     * 
     *
     * @param  obj the object on which to test lock ownership
     * @throws NullPointerException if obj is null
     * @return true if the current thread holds the monitor lock on
     *         the specified object.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static boolean holdsLock(Object obj) {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array of stack trace elements representing the stack dump
     * of this thread.  This method will return a zero-length array if
     * this thread has not started, has started but has not yet been
     * scheduled to run by the system, or has terminated.
     * If the returned array is of non-zero length then the first element of
     * the array represents the top of the stack, which is the most recent
     * method invocation in the sequence.  The last element of the array
     * represents the bottom of the stack, which is the least recent method
     * invocation in the sequence.
     *
     * If there is a security manager, and this thread is not
     * the current thread, then the security manager's
     * checkPermission method is called with a
     * RuntimePermission("getStackTrace") permission
     * to see if it's ok to get the stack trace.
     *
     * 
Some virtual machines may, under some circumstances, omit one
     * or more stack frames from the stack trace.  In the extreme case,
     * a virtual machine that has no stack trace information concerning
     * this thread is permitted to return a zero-length array from this
     * method.
     *
     * @return an array of StackTraceElement,
     * each represents one stack frame.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its
     *        checkPermission method doesn't allow
     *        getting the stack trace of thread.
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see RuntimePermission
     * @see Throwable#getStackTrace
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace() {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a map of stack traces for all live threads.
     * The map keys are threads and each map value is an array of
     * StackTraceElement that represents the stack dump
     * of the corresponding Thread.
     * The returned stack traces are in the format specified for
     * the {@link #getStackTrace getStackTrace} method.
     *
     * 
The threads may be executing while this method is called.
     * The stack trace of each thread only represents a snapshot and
     * each stack trace may be obtained at different time.  A zero-length
     * array will be returned in the map value if the virtual machine has
     * no stack trace information about a thread.
     *
     * 
If there is a security manager, then the security manager's
     * checkPermission method is called with a
     * RuntimePermission("getStackTrace") permission as well as
     * RuntimePermission("modifyThreadGroup") permission
     * to see if it is ok to get the stack trace of all threads.
     *
     * @return a Map from Thread to an array of
     * StackTraceElement that represents the stack trace of
     * the corresponding thread.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its
     *        checkPermission method doesn't allow
     *        getting the stack trace of thread.
     * @see #getStackTrace
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see RuntimePermission
     * @see Throwable#getStackTrace
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static Map getAllStackTraces() {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identifier of this Thread.  The thread ID is a positive
     * long number generated when this thread was created.
     * The thread ID is unique and remains unchanged during its lifetime.
     * When a thread is terminated, this thread ID may be reused.
     *
     * @return this thread's ID.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public long getId() {
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * A thread state.  A thread can be in one of the following states:
     * 

     * {@link #NEW}

     *     A thread that has not yet started is in this state.
     *     
     * {@link #RUNNABLE}

     *     A thread executing in the Java virtual machine is in this state.
     *     
     * {@link #BLOCKED}

     *     A thread that is blocked waiting for a monitor lock
     *     is in this state.
     *     
     * {@link #WAITING}

     *     A thread that is waiting indefinitely for another thread to
     *     perform a particular action is in this state.
     *     
     * {@link #TIMED_WAITING}

     *     A thread that is waiting for another thread to perform an action
     *     for up to a specified waiting time is in this state.
     *     
     * {@link #TERMINATED}

     *     A thread that has exited is in this state.
     *     
     * 
     *
     * 
     * A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time.
     * These states are virtual machine states which do not reflect
     * any operating system thread states.
     *
     * @since   1.5
     * @see #getState
     */
    public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * 

         *   {@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout
         *   {@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout
         *   {@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}
         * 
         *
         * A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called Object.wait()
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * Object.notify() or Object.notifyAll() on
         * that object. A thread that has called Thread.join()
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * 

         *   {@link #sleep Thread.sleep}
         *   {@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout
         *   {@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout
         *   {@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}
         *   {@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}
         * 
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the state of this thread.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system state,
     * not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @return this thread's state.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public State getState() {
        // get current thread state
        return State.RUNNABLE;
    }

    // Added in JSR-166

    /**
     * Interface for handlers invoked when a Thread abruptly
     * terminates due to an uncaught exception.
     * When a thread is about to terminate due to an uncaught exception
     * the Java Virtual Machine will query the thread for its
     * UncaughtExceptionHandler using
     * {@link #getUncaughtExceptionHandler} and will invoke the handler's
     * uncaughtException method, passing the thread and the
     * exception as arguments.
     * If a thread has not had its UncaughtExceptionHandler
     * explicitly set, then its ThreadGroup object acts as its
     * UncaughtExceptionHandler. If the ThreadGroup object
     * has no
     * special requirements for dealing with the exception, it can forward
     * the invocation to the {@linkplain #getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
     * default uncaught exception handler}.
     *
     * @see #setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
     * @see #setUncaughtExceptionHandler
     * @see ThreadGroup#uncaughtException
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public interface UncaughtExceptionHandler {
        /**
         * Method invoked when the given thread terminates due to the
         * given uncaught exception.
         * 
Any exception thrown by this method will be ignored by the
         * Java Virtual Machine.
         * @param t the thread
         * @param e the exception
         */
        void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e);
    }

    // null unless explicitly set
    private volatile UncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtExceptionHandler;

    // null unless explicitly set
    private static volatile UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler;

    /**
     * Set the default handler invoked when a thread abruptly terminates
     * due to an uncaught exception, and no other handler has been defined
     * for that thread.
     *
     * 
Uncaught exception handling is controlled first by the thread, then
     * by the thread's {@link ThreadGroup} object and finally by the default
     * uncaught exception handler. If the thread does not have an explicit
     * uncaught exception handler set, and the thread's thread group
     * (including parent thread groups)  does not specialize its
     * uncaughtException method, then the default handler's
     * uncaughtException method will be invoked.
     * 
By setting the default uncaught exception handler, an application
     * can change the way in which uncaught exceptions are handled (such as
     * logging to a specific device, or file) for those threads that would
     * already accept whatever "default" behavior the system
     * provided.
     *
     * 
Note that the default uncaught exception handler should not usually
     * defer to the thread's ThreadGroup object, as that could cause
     * infinite recursion.
     *
     * @param eh the object to use as the default uncaught exception handler.
     * If null then there is no default handler.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present and it
     *         denies {@link RuntimePermission}
     *         ("setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler")
     *
     * @see #setUncaughtExceptionHandler
     * @see #getUncaughtExceptionHandler
     * @see ThreadGroup#uncaughtException
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh) {
        throw new SecurityException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the default handler invoked when a thread abruptly terminates
     * due to an uncaught exception. If the returned value is null,
     * there is no default.
     * @since 1.5
     * @see #setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
     */
    public static UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(){
        return defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates
     * due to an uncaught exception. If this thread has not had an
     * uncaught exception handler explicitly set then this thread's
     * ThreadGroup object is returned, unless this thread
     * has terminated, in which case null is returned.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return uncaughtExceptionHandler != null ?
            uncaughtExceptionHandler : null;
    }

    /**
     * Set the handler invoked when this thread abruptly terminates
     * due to an uncaught exception.
     * A thread can take full control of how it responds to uncaught
     * exceptions by having its uncaught exception handler explicitly set.
     * If no such handler is set then the thread's ThreadGroup
     * object acts as its handler.
     * @param eh the object to use as this thread's uncaught exception
     * handler. If null then this thread has no explicit handler.
     * @throws  SecurityException  if the current thread is not allowed to
     *          modify this thread.
     * @see #setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
     * @see ThreadGroup#uncaughtException
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh) {
        checkAccess();
        uncaughtExceptionHandler = eh;
    }
}