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The Async Http Client (AHC) classes.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Sonatype, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program is licensed to you under the Apache License Version 2.0,
 * and you may not use this file except in compliance with the Apache License Version 2.0.
 * You may obtain a copy of the Apache License Version 2.0 at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the Apache License Version 2.0 is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the Apache License Version 2.0 for the specific language governing permissions and limitations there under.
 */
package org.asynchttpclient.util;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderValues;
import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
import org.asynchttpclient.AsyncHttpClient;
import org.asynchttpclient.AsyncHttpClientConfig;
import org.asynchttpclient.Param;
import org.asynchttpclient.Request;
import org.asynchttpclient.uri.Uri;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

/**
 * {@link AsyncHttpClient} common utilities.
 */
public final class HttpUtils {

    public static final AsciiString ACCEPT_ALL_HEADER_VALUE = new AsciiString("*/*");
    public static final AsciiString GZIP_DEFLATE = new AsciiString(HttpHeaderValues.GZIP + "," + HttpHeaderValues.DEFLATE);
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_CHARSET_ATTRIBUTE = "charset=";
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_BOUNDARY_ATTRIBUTE = "boundary=";
    private static final String BROTLY_ACCEPT_ENCODING_SUFFIX = ", br";
    private static final String ZSTD_ACCEPT_ENCODING_SUFFIX = ", zstd";

    private HttpUtils() {
        // Prevent outside initialization
    }

    public static String hostHeader(Uri uri) {
        String host = uri.getHost();
        int port = uri.getPort();
        return port == -1 || port == uri.getSchemeDefaultPort() ? host : host + ':' + port;
    }

    public static String originHeader(Uri uri) {
        StringBuilder sb = StringBuilderPool.DEFAULT.stringBuilder();
        sb.append(uri.isSecured() ? "https://" : "http://").append(uri.getHost());
        if (uri.getExplicitPort() != uri.getSchemeDefaultPort()) {
            sb.append(':').append(uri.getPort());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static @Nullable Charset extractContentTypeCharsetAttribute(String contentType) {
        String charsetName = extractContentTypeAttribute(contentType, CONTENT_TYPE_CHARSET_ATTRIBUTE);
        return charsetName != null ? Charset.forName(charsetName) : null;
    }

    public static @Nullable String extractContentTypeBoundaryAttribute(String contentType) {
        return extractContentTypeAttribute(contentType, CONTENT_TYPE_BOUNDARY_ATTRIBUTE);
    }

    private static @Nullable String extractContentTypeAttribute(@Nullable String contentType, String attribute) {
        if (contentType == null) {
            return null;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < contentType.length(); i++) {
            if (contentType.regionMatches(true, i, attribute, 0,
                    attribute.length())) {
                int start = i + attribute.length();

                // trim left
                while (start < contentType.length()) {
                    char c = contentType.charAt(start);
                    if (c == ' ' || c == '\'' || c == '"') {
                        start++;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (start == contentType.length()) {
                    break;
                }

                // trim right
                int end = start + 1;
                while (end < contentType.length()) {
                    char c = contentType.charAt(end);
                    if (c == ' ' || c == '\'' || c == '"' || c == ';') {
                        break;
                    } else {
                        end++;
                    }
                }

                return contentType.substring(start, end);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    // The pool of ASCII chars to be used for generating a multipart boundary.
    private static final byte[] MULTIPART_CHARS = "-_1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".getBytes(US_ASCII);

    // a random size from 30 to 40
    public static byte[] computeMultipartBoundary() {
        ThreadLocalRandom random = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[random.nextInt(11) + 30];
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            bytes[i] = MULTIPART_CHARS[random.nextInt(MULTIPART_CHARS.length)];
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    public static String patchContentTypeWithBoundaryAttribute(String base, byte[] boundary) {
        StringBuilder sb = StringBuilderPool.DEFAULT.stringBuilder().append(base);
        if (!base.isEmpty() && base.charAt(base.length() - 1) != ';') {
            sb.append(';');
        }
        return sb.append(' ').append(CONTENT_TYPE_BOUNDARY_ATTRIBUTE).append(new String(boundary, US_ASCII)).toString();
    }

    public static boolean followRedirect(AsyncHttpClientConfig config, Request request) {
        return request.getFollowRedirect() != null ? request.getFollowRedirect() : config.isFollowRedirect();
    }

    public static ByteBuffer urlEncodeFormParams(List params, Charset charset) {
        return StringUtils.charSequence2ByteBuffer(urlEncodeFormParams0(params, charset), US_ASCII);
    }

    private static StringBuilder urlEncodeFormParams0(List params, Charset charset) {
        StringBuilder sb = StringBuilderPool.DEFAULT.stringBuilder();
        for (Param param : params) {
            encodeAndAppendFormParam(sb, param.getName(), param.getValue(), charset);
        }
        sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
        return sb;
    }

    private static void encodeAndAppendFormParam(StringBuilder sb, String name, @Nullable String value, Charset charset) {
        encodeAndAppendFormField(sb, name, charset);
        if (value != null) {
            sb.append('=');
            encodeAndAppendFormField(sb, value, charset);
        }
        sb.append('&');
    }

    private static void encodeAndAppendFormField(StringBuilder sb, String field, Charset charset) {
        if (charset.equals(UTF_8)) {
            Utf8UrlEncoder.encodeAndAppendFormElement(sb, field);
        } else {
            // TODO there's probably room for perf improvements
            sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(field, charset));
        }
    }

    public static CharSequence filterOutBrotliFromAcceptEncoding(String acceptEncoding) {
        // we don't support Brotly ATM
        if (acceptEncoding.endsWith(BROTLY_ACCEPT_ENCODING_SUFFIX)) {
            return acceptEncoding.subSequence(0, acceptEncoding.length() - BROTLY_ACCEPT_ENCODING_SUFFIX.length());
        }
        return acceptEncoding;
    }

    public static CharSequence filterOutZstdFromAcceptEncoding(String acceptEncoding) {
        // we don't support zstd ATM
        if (acceptEncoding.endsWith(ZSTD_ACCEPT_ENCODING_SUFFIX)) {
            return acceptEncoding.subSequence(0, acceptEncoding.length() - ZSTD_ACCEPT_ENCODING_SUFFIX.length());
        }
        return acceptEncoding;
    }
}