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/*
 * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
 *
 * License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later.
 * See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or .
 */
package org.hibernate.dialect;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Locale;

import org.hibernate.JDBCException;
import org.hibernate.LockMode;
import org.hibernate.MappingException;
import org.hibernate.StaleObjectStateException;
import org.hibernate.boot.TempTableDdlTransactionHandling;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Environment;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.AvgWithArgumentCastFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.NoArgSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.SQLFunctionTemplate;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.StandardSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.VarArgsSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.identity.HSQLIdentityColumnSupport;
import org.hibernate.dialect.identity.IdentityColumnSupport;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.LockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.OptimisticForceIncrementLockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.OptimisticLockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.PessimisticForceIncrementLockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.PessimisticReadSelectLockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.PessimisticWriteSelectLockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.SelectLockingStrategy;
import org.hibernate.dialect.pagination.AbstractLimitHandler;
import org.hibernate.dialect.pagination.LimitHandler;
import org.hibernate.dialect.pagination.LimitHelper;
import org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.NameQualifierSupport;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.RowSelection;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SharedSessionContractImplementor;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.IdTableSupportStandardImpl;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.MultiTableBulkIdStrategy;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.global.GlobalTemporaryTableBulkIdStrategy;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.local.AfterUseAction;
import org.hibernate.hql.spi.id.local.LocalTemporaryTableBulkIdStrategy;
import org.hibernate.internal.CoreMessageLogger;
import org.hibernate.internal.util.JdbcExceptionHelper;
import org.hibernate.internal.util.ReflectHelper;
import org.hibernate.persister.entity.Lockable;
import org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.SequenceInformationExtractorHANADatabaseImpl;
import org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.SequenceInformationExtractorHSQLDBDatabaseImpl;
import org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.spi.SequenceInformationExtractor;
import org.hibernate.type.StandardBasicTypes;

import org.jboss.logging.Logger;

/**
 * An SQL dialect compatible with HSQLDB (HyperSQL).
 * 

* Note this version supports HSQLDB version 1.8 and higher, only. *

* Enhancements to version 3.5.0 GA to provide basic support for both HSQLDB 1.8.x and 2.x * Does not works with Hibernate 3.2 - 3.4 without alteration. * * @author Christoph Sturm * @author Phillip Baird * @author Fred Toussi */ @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public class HSQLDialect extends Dialect { private static final CoreMessageLogger LOG = Logger.getMessageLogger( CoreMessageLogger.class, HSQLDialect.class.getName() ); private final class HSQLLimitHandler extends AbstractLimitHandler { @Override public String processSql(String sql, RowSelection selection) { final boolean hasOffset = LimitHelper.hasFirstRow( selection ); if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { return new StringBuilder( sql.length() + 10 ) .append( sql ) .insert( sql.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf( "select" ) + 6, hasOffset ? " limit ? ?" : " top ?" ) .toString(); } else { return sql + (hasOffset ? " offset ? limit ?" : " limit ?"); } } @Override public boolean supportsLimit() { return true; } @Override public boolean bindLimitParametersFirst() { return hsqldbVersion < 200; } } /** * version is 180 for 1.8.0 or 200 for 2.0.0 */ private int hsqldbVersion = 180; private final LimitHandler limitHandler; /** * Constructs a HSQLDialect */ public HSQLDialect() { super(); try { final Class props = ReflectHelper.classForName( "org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlDatabaseProperties" ); final String versionString = (String) props.getDeclaredField( "THIS_VERSION" ).get( null ); hsqldbVersion = Integer.parseInt( versionString.substring( 0, 1 ) ) * 100; hsqldbVersion += Integer.parseInt( versionString.substring( 2, 3 ) ) * 10; hsqldbVersion += Integer.parseInt( versionString.substring( 4, 5 ) ); } catch ( Throwable e ) { // must be a very old version } registerColumnType( Types.BIGINT, "bigint" ); registerColumnType( Types.BINARY, "binary($l)" ); registerColumnType( Types.BIT, "bit" ); registerColumnType( Types.BOOLEAN, "boolean" ); registerColumnType( Types.CHAR, "char($l)" ); registerColumnType( Types.DATE, "date" ); registerColumnType( Types.DECIMAL, "decimal($p,$s)" ); registerColumnType( Types.DOUBLE, "double" ); registerColumnType( Types.FLOAT, "float" ); registerColumnType( Types.INTEGER, "integer" ); registerColumnType( Types.LONGVARBINARY, "longvarbinary" ); registerColumnType( Types.LONGVARCHAR, "longvarchar" ); registerColumnType( Types.SMALLINT, "smallint" ); registerColumnType( Types.TINYINT, "tinyint" ); registerColumnType( Types.TIME, "time" ); registerColumnType( Types.TIMESTAMP, "timestamp" ); registerColumnType( Types.VARCHAR, "varchar($l)" ); registerColumnType( Types.VARBINARY, "varbinary($l)" ); registerColumnType( Types.NCLOB, "clob" ); if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { registerColumnType( Types.NUMERIC, "numeric" ); } else { registerColumnType( Types.NUMERIC, "numeric($p,$s)" ); } //HSQL has no Blob/Clob support .... but just put these here for now! if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { registerColumnType( Types.BLOB, "longvarbinary" ); registerColumnType( Types.CLOB, "longvarchar" ); } else { registerColumnType( Types.BLOB, "blob($l)" ); registerColumnType( Types.CLOB, "clob($l)" ); } // aggregate functions registerFunction( "avg", new AvgWithArgumentCastFunction( "double" ) ); // string functions registerFunction( "ascii", new StandardSQLFunction( "ascii", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "char", new StandardSQLFunction( "char", StandardBasicTypes.CHARACTER ) ); registerFunction( "lower", new StandardSQLFunction( "lower" ) ); registerFunction( "upper", new StandardSQLFunction( "upper" ) ); registerFunction( "lcase", new StandardSQLFunction( "lcase" ) ); registerFunction( "ucase", new StandardSQLFunction( "ucase" ) ); registerFunction( "soundex", new StandardSQLFunction( "soundex", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); registerFunction( "ltrim", new StandardSQLFunction( "ltrim" ) ); registerFunction( "rtrim", new StandardSQLFunction( "rtrim" ) ); registerFunction( "reverse", new StandardSQLFunction( "reverse" ) ); registerFunction( "space", new StandardSQLFunction( "space", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); registerFunction( "str", new SQLFunctionTemplate( StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "cast(?1 as varchar(256))" ) ); registerFunction( "to_char", new StandardSQLFunction( "to_char", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); registerFunction( "rawtohex", new StandardSQLFunction( "rawtohex" ) ); registerFunction( "hextoraw", new StandardSQLFunction( "hextoraw" ) ); // system functions registerFunction( "user", new NoArgSQLFunction( "user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); registerFunction( "database", new NoArgSQLFunction( "database", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); // datetime functions if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { registerFunction( "sysdate", new NoArgSQLFunction( "sysdate", StandardBasicTypes.DATE, false ) ); } else { registerFunction( "sysdate", new NoArgSQLFunction( "sysdate", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP, false ) ); } registerFunction( "current_date", new NoArgSQLFunction( "current_date", StandardBasicTypes.DATE, false ) ); registerFunction( "curdate", new NoArgSQLFunction( "curdate", StandardBasicTypes.DATE ) ); registerFunction( "current_timestamp", new NoArgSQLFunction( "current_timestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP, false ) ); registerFunction( "now", new NoArgSQLFunction( "now", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP ) ); registerFunction( "current_time", new NoArgSQLFunction( "current_time", StandardBasicTypes.TIME, false ) ); registerFunction( "curtime", new NoArgSQLFunction( "curtime", StandardBasicTypes.TIME ) ); registerFunction( "day", new StandardSQLFunction( "day", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "dayofweek", new StandardSQLFunction( "dayofweek", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "dayofyear", new StandardSQLFunction( "dayofyear", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "dayofmonth", new StandardSQLFunction( "dayofmonth", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "month", new StandardSQLFunction( "month", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "year", new StandardSQLFunction( "year", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "week", new StandardSQLFunction( "week", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "quarter", new StandardSQLFunction( "quarter", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "hour", new StandardSQLFunction( "hour", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "minute", new StandardSQLFunction( "minute", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "second", new SQLFunctionTemplate( StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER, "cast(second(?1) as int)" ) ); registerFunction( "dayname", new StandardSQLFunction( "dayname", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); registerFunction( "monthname", new StandardSQLFunction( "monthname", StandardBasicTypes.STRING ) ); // numeric functions registerFunction( "abs", new StandardSQLFunction( "abs" ) ); registerFunction( "sign", new StandardSQLFunction( "sign", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); registerFunction( "acos", new StandardSQLFunction( "acos", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "asin", new StandardSQLFunction( "asin", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "atan", new StandardSQLFunction( "atan", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "cos", new StandardSQLFunction( "cos", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "cot", new StandardSQLFunction( "cot", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "exp", new StandardSQLFunction( "exp", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "log", new StandardSQLFunction( "log", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "log10", new StandardSQLFunction( "log10", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "sin", new StandardSQLFunction( "sin", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "sqrt", new StandardSQLFunction( "sqrt", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "tan", new StandardSQLFunction( "tan", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "pi", new NoArgSQLFunction( "pi", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "rand", new StandardSQLFunction( "rand", StandardBasicTypes.FLOAT ) ); registerFunction( "radians", new StandardSQLFunction( "radians", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "degrees", new StandardSQLFunction( "degrees", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE ) ); registerFunction( "round", new StandardSQLFunction( "round" ) ); registerFunction( "roundmagic", new StandardSQLFunction( "roundmagic" ) ); registerFunction( "truncate", new StandardSQLFunction( "truncate" ) ); registerFunction( "trunc", new StandardSQLFunction( "trunc" ) ); registerFunction( "ceiling", new StandardSQLFunction( "ceiling" ) ); registerFunction( "floor", new StandardSQLFunction( "floor" ) ); // special functions // from v. 2.2.0 ROWNUM() is supported in all modes as the equivalent of Oracle ROWNUM if ( hsqldbVersion > 219 ) { registerFunction( "rownum", new NoArgSQLFunction( "rownum", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER ) ); } // function templates registerFunction( "concat", new VarArgsSQLFunction( StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "(", "||", ")" ) ); getDefaultProperties().setProperty( Environment.STATEMENT_BATCH_SIZE, DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE ); limitHandler = new HSQLLimitHandler(); } @Override public String getAddColumnString() { return "add column"; } @Override public boolean supportsLockTimeouts() { return false; } @Override public String getForUpdateString() { if ( hsqldbVersion >= 200 ) { return " for update"; } else { return ""; } } @Override public LimitHandler getLimitHandler() { return limitHandler; } @Override public boolean supportsLimit() { return true; } @Override public String getLimitString(String sql, boolean hasOffset) { if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { return new StringBuilder( sql.length() + 10 ) .append( sql ) .insert( sql.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).indexOf( "select" ) + 6, hasOffset ? " limit ? ?" : " top ?" ) .toString(); } else { return sql + (hasOffset ? " offset ? limit ?" : " limit ?"); } } @Override public boolean bindLimitParametersFirst() { return hsqldbVersion < 200; } // Note : HSQLDB actually supports [IF EXISTS] before AND after the // But as CASCADE has to be AFTER IF EXISTS in case it's after the tablename, // We put the IF EXISTS before the tablename to be able to add CASCADE after. @Override public boolean supportsIfExistsAfterTableName() { return false; } @Override public boolean supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName() { return true; } @Override public boolean supportsColumnCheck() { return hsqldbVersion >= 200; } @Override public boolean supportsSequences() { return true; } @Override public boolean supportsPooledSequences() { return true; } /** * HSQL will start with 0, by default. In order for Hibernate to know that this not transient, * manually start with 1. */ @Override protected String getCreateSequenceString(String sequenceName) { return "create sequence " + sequenceName + " start with 1"; } /** * Because of the overridden {@link #getCreateSequenceString(String)}, we must also override * {@link #getCreateSequenceString(String, int, int)} to prevent 2 instances of "start with". */ @Override protected String getCreateSequenceString(String sequenceName, int initialValue, int incrementSize) throws MappingException { if ( supportsPooledSequences() ) { return "create sequence " + sequenceName + " start with " + initialValue + " increment by " + incrementSize; } throw new MappingException( getClass().getName() + " does not support pooled sequences" ); } @Override protected String getDropSequenceString(String sequenceName) { return "drop sequence " + sequenceName + " if exists"; } @Override public String getSelectSequenceNextValString(String sequenceName) { return "next value for " + sequenceName; } @Override public String getSequenceNextValString(String sequenceName) { return "call next value for " + sequenceName; } @Override public String getQuerySequencesString() { // this assumes schema support, which is present in 1.8.0 and later... return "select * from information_schema.sequences"; } @Override public SequenceInformationExtractor getSequenceInformationExtractor() { return SequenceInformationExtractorHSQLDBDatabaseImpl.INSTANCE; } @Override public ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter getViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() { return hsqldbVersion < 200 ? EXTRACTER_18 : EXTRACTER_20; } private static final ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter EXTRACTER_18 = new TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() { @Override protected String doExtractConstraintName(SQLException sqle) throws NumberFormatException { String constraintName = null; final int errorCode = JdbcExceptionHelper.extractErrorCode( sqle ); if ( errorCode == -8 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "Integrity constraint violation ", " table:", sqle.getMessage() ); } else if ( errorCode == -9 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "Violation of unique index: ", " in statement [", sqle.getMessage() ); } else if ( errorCode == -104 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "Unique constraint violation: ", " in statement [", sqle.getMessage() ); } else if ( errorCode == -177 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "Integrity constraint violation - no parent ", " table:", sqle.getMessage() ); } return constraintName; } }; /** * HSQLDB 2.0 messages have changed * messages may be localized - therefore use the common, non-locale element " table: " */ private static final ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter EXTRACTER_20 = new TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() { @Override protected String doExtractConstraintName(SQLException sqle) throws NumberFormatException { String constraintName = null; final int errorCode = JdbcExceptionHelper.extractErrorCode( sqle ); if ( errorCode == -8 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "; ", " table: ", sqle.getMessage() ); } else if ( errorCode == -9 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "; ", " table: ", sqle.getMessage() ); } else if ( errorCode == -104 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "; ", " table: ", sqle.getMessage() ); } else if ( errorCode == -177 ) { constraintName = extractUsingTemplate( "; ", " table: ", sqle.getMessage() ); } return constraintName; } }; @Override public String getSelectClauseNullString(int sqlType) { String literal; switch ( sqlType ) { case Types.LONGVARCHAR: case Types.VARCHAR: case Types.CHAR: literal = "cast(null as varchar(100))"; break; case Types.LONGVARBINARY: case Types.VARBINARY: case Types.BINARY: literal = "cast(null as varbinary(100))"; break; case Types.CLOB: literal = "cast(null as clob)"; break; case Types.BLOB: literal = "cast(null as blob)"; break; case Types.DATE: literal = "cast(null as date)"; break; case Types.TIMESTAMP: literal = "cast(null as timestamp)"; break; case Types.BOOLEAN: literal = "cast(null as boolean)"; break; case Types.BIT: literal = "cast(null as bit)"; break; case Types.TIME: literal = "cast(null as time)"; break; default: literal = "cast(null as int)"; } return literal; } @Override public boolean supportsUnionAll() { return true; } @Override public MultiTableBulkIdStrategy getDefaultMultiTableBulkIdStrategy() { // Hibernate uses this information for temporary tables that it uses for its own operations // therefore the appropriate strategy is taken with different versions of HSQLDB // All versions of HSQLDB support GLOBAL TEMPORARY tables where the table // definition is shared by all users but data is private to the session // HSQLDB 2.0 also supports session-based LOCAL TEMPORARY tables where // the definition and data is private to the session and table declaration // can happen in the middle of a transaction if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { return new GlobalTemporaryTableBulkIdStrategy( new IdTableSupportStandardImpl() { @Override public String generateIdTableName(String baseName) { return "HT_" + baseName; } @Override public String getCreateIdTableCommand() { return "create global temporary table"; } }, // Version 1.8 GLOBAL TEMPORARY table definitions persist beyond the end // of the session (by default, data is cleared at commit). AfterUseAction.CLEAN ); } else { return new LocalTemporaryTableBulkIdStrategy( new IdTableSupportStandardImpl() { @Override public String generateIdTableName(String baseName) { // With HSQLDB 2.0, the table name is qualified with MODULE to assist the drop // statement (in-case there is a global name beginning with HT_) return "MODULE.HT_" + baseName; } @Override public String getCreateIdTableCommand() { return "declare local temporary table"; } }, AfterUseAction.DROP, TempTableDdlTransactionHandling.NONE ); } } // current timestamp support ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /** * HSQLDB 1.8.x requires CALL CURRENT_TIMESTAMP but this should not * be treated as a callable statement. It is equivalent to * "select current_timestamp from dual" in some databases. * HSQLDB 2.0 also supports VALUES CURRENT_TIMESTAMP *

* {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection() { return true; } @Override public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable() { return false; } @Override public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString() { return "call current_timestamp"; } @Override public String getCurrentTimestampSQLFunctionName() { // the standard SQL function name is current_timestamp... return "current_timestamp"; } /** * For HSQLDB 2.0, this is a copy of the base class implementation. * For HSQLDB 1.8, only READ_UNCOMMITTED is supported. *

* {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public LockingStrategy getLockingStrategy(Lockable lockable, LockMode lockMode) { if ( lockMode == LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT ) { return new PessimisticForceIncrementLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } else if ( lockMode == LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE ) { return new PessimisticWriteSelectLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } else if ( lockMode == LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_READ ) { return new PessimisticReadSelectLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } else if ( lockMode == LockMode.OPTIMISTIC ) { return new OptimisticLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } else if ( lockMode == LockMode.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT ) { return new OptimisticForceIncrementLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } if ( hsqldbVersion < 200 ) { return new ReadUncommittedLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } else { return new SelectLockingStrategy( lockable, lockMode ); } } private static class ReadUncommittedLockingStrategy extends SelectLockingStrategy { public ReadUncommittedLockingStrategy(Lockable lockable, LockMode lockMode) { super( lockable, lockMode ); } @Override public void lock(Serializable id, Object version, Object object, int timeout, SharedSessionContractImplementor session) throws StaleObjectStateException, JDBCException { if ( getLockMode().greaterThan( LockMode.READ ) ) { LOG.hsqldbSupportsOnlyReadCommittedIsolation(); } super.lock( id, version, object, timeout, session ); } } @Override public boolean supportsCommentOn() { return hsqldbVersion >= 200; } // Overridden informational metadata ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @Override public boolean supportsEmptyInList() { return false; } @Override public boolean requiresCastingOfParametersInSelectClause() { return true; } @Override public boolean doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders() { return hsqldbVersion >= 200; } @Override public boolean doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters() { return hsqldbVersion >= 200; } @Override public boolean supportsLobValueChangePropogation() { return false; } @Override public String toBooleanValueString(boolean bool) { return String.valueOf( bool ); } @Override public boolean supportsTupleDistinctCounts() { // from v. 2.2.9 is added support for COUNT(DISTINCT ...) with multiple arguments return hsqldbVersion >= 229; } @Override public IdentityColumnSupport getIdentityColumnSupport() { return new HSQLIdentityColumnSupport( this.hsqldbVersion ); } @Override public NameQualifierSupport getNameQualifierSupport() { return NameQualifierSupport.SCHEMA; } @Override public boolean supportsNamedParameters(DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaData) throws SQLException { return false; } // Do not drop constraints explicitly, just do this by cascading instead. @Override public boolean dropConstraints() { return false; } @Override public String getCascadeConstraintsString() { return " CASCADE "; } }





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