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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.web.util;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;

/**
 * Represents an immutable collection of URI components, mapping component type to
 * String values. Contains convenience getters for all components. Effectively similar
 * to {@link java.net.URI}, but with more powerful encoding options and support for
 * URI template variables.
 *
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
 * @since 3.1
 * @see UriComponentsBuilder
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public abstract class UriComponents implements Serializable {

	/** Captures URI template variable names. */
	private static final Pattern NAMES_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\{([^/]+?)}");


	@Nullable
	private final String scheme;

	@Nullable
	private final String fragment;


	protected UriComponents(@Nullable String scheme, @Nullable String fragment) {
		this.scheme = scheme;
		this.fragment = fragment;
	}


	// Component getters

	/**
	 * Return the scheme. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public final String getScheme() {
		return this.scheme;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the fragment. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public final String getFragment() {
		return this.fragment;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the scheme specific part. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public abstract String getSchemeSpecificPart();

	/**
	 * Return the user info. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public abstract String getUserInfo();

	/**
	 * Return the host. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public abstract String getHost();

	/**
	 * Return the port. {@code -1} if no port has been set.
	 */
	public abstract int getPort();

	/**
	 * Return the path. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public abstract String getPath();

	/**
	 * Return the list of path segments. Empty if no path has been set.
	 */
	public abstract List getPathSegments();

	/**
	 * Return the query. Can be {@code null}.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public abstract String getQuery();

	/**
	 * Return the map of query parameters. Empty if no query has been set.
	 */
	public abstract MultiValueMap getQueryParams();


	/**
	 * Invoke this after expanding URI variables to encode the
	 * resulting URI component values.
	 * 

In comparison to {@link UriComponentsBuilder#encode()}, this method * only replaces non-ASCII and illegal (within a given URI * component type) characters, but not characters with reserved meaning. * For most cases, {@link UriComponentsBuilder#encode()} is more likely * to give the expected result. * @see UriComponentsBuilder#encode() */ public final UriComponents encode() { return encode(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } /** * A variant of {@link #encode()} with a charset other than "UTF-8". * @param charset the charset to use for encoding * @see UriComponentsBuilder#encode(Charset) */ public abstract UriComponents encode(Charset charset); /** * Replace all URI template variables with the values from a given map. *

The given map keys represent variable names; the corresponding values * represent variable values. The order of variables is not significant. * @param uriVariables the map of URI variables * @return the expanded URI components */ public final UriComponents expand(Map uriVariables) { Assert.notNull(uriVariables, "'uriVariables' must not be null"); return expandInternal(new MapTemplateVariables(uriVariables)); } /** * Replace all URI template variables with the values from a given array. *

The given array represents variable values. The order of variables is significant. * @param uriVariableValues the URI variable values * @return the expanded URI components */ public final UriComponents expand(Object... uriVariableValues) { Assert.notNull(uriVariableValues, "'uriVariableValues' must not be null"); return expandInternal(new VarArgsTemplateVariables(uriVariableValues)); } /** * Replace all URI template variables with the values from the given * {@link UriTemplateVariables}. * @param uriVariables the URI template values * @return the expanded URI components */ public final UriComponents expand(UriTemplateVariables uriVariables) { Assert.notNull(uriVariables, "'uriVariables' must not be null"); return expandInternal(uriVariables); } /** * Replace all URI template variables with the values from the given {@link * UriTemplateVariables}. * @param uriVariables the URI template values * @return the expanded URI components */ abstract UriComponents expandInternal(UriTemplateVariables uriVariables); /** * Normalize the path removing sequences like "path/..". Note that * normalization is applied to the full path, and not to individual path * segments. * @see org.springframework.util.StringUtils#cleanPath(String) */ public abstract UriComponents normalize(); /** * Concatenate all URI components to return the fully formed URI String. *

This method amounts to simple String concatenation of the current * URI component values and as such the result may contain illegal URI * characters, for example if URI variables have not been expanded or if * encoding has not been applied via {@link UriComponentsBuilder#encode()} * or {@link #encode()}. */ public abstract String toUriString(); /** * Create a {@link URI} from this instance as follows: *

If the current instance is {@link #encode() encoded}, form the full * URI String via {@link #toUriString()}, and then pass it to the single * argument {@link URI} constructor which preserves percent encoding. *

If not yet encoded, pass individual URI component values to the * multi-argument {@link URI} constructor which quotes illegal characters * that cannot appear in their respective URI component. */ public abstract URI toUri(); /** * A simple pass-through to {@link #toUriString()}. */ @Override public final String toString() { return toUriString(); } /** * Set all components of the given UriComponentsBuilder. * @since 4.2 */ protected abstract void copyToUriComponentsBuilder(UriComponentsBuilder builder); // Static expansion helpers @Nullable static String expandUriComponent(@Nullable String source, UriTemplateVariables uriVariables) { return expandUriComponent(source, uriVariables, null); } @Nullable static String expandUriComponent(@Nullable String source, UriTemplateVariables uriVariables, @Nullable UnaryOperator encoder) { if (source == null) { return null; } if (source.indexOf('{') == -1) { return source; } if (source.indexOf(':') != -1) { source = sanitizeSource(source); } Matcher matcher = NAMES_PATTERN.matcher(source); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while (matcher.find()) { String match = matcher.group(1); String varName = getVariableName(match); Object varValue = uriVariables.getValue(varName); if (UriTemplateVariables.SKIP_VALUE.equals(varValue)) { continue; } String formatted = getVariableValueAsString(varValue); formatted = encoder != null ? encoder.apply(formatted) : Matcher.quoteReplacement(formatted); matcher.appendReplacement(sb, formatted); } matcher.appendTail(sb); return sb.toString(); } /** * Remove nested "{}" such as in URI vars with regular expressions. */ private static String sanitizeSource(String source) { int level = 0; int lastCharIndex = 0; char[] chars = new char[source.length()]; for (int i = 0; i < source.length(); i++) { char c = source.charAt(i); if (c == '{') { level++; } if (c == '}') { level--; } if (level > 1 || (level == 1 && c == '}')) { continue; } chars[lastCharIndex++] = c; } return new String(chars, 0, lastCharIndex); } private static String getVariableName(String match) { int colonIdx = match.indexOf(':'); return (colonIdx != -1 ? match.substring(0, colonIdx) : match); } private static String getVariableValueAsString(@Nullable Object variableValue) { return (variableValue != null ? variableValue.toString() : ""); } /** * Defines the contract for URI Template variables. * @see HierarchicalUriComponents#expand */ public interface UriTemplateVariables { /** * Constant for a value that indicates a URI variable name should be * ignored and left as is. This is useful for partial expanding of some * but not all URI variables. */ Object SKIP_VALUE = UriTemplateVariables.class; /** * Get the value for the given URI variable name. * If the value is {@code null}, an empty String is expanded. * If the value is {@link #SKIP_VALUE}, the URI variable is not expanded. * @param name the variable name * @return the variable value, possibly {@code null} or {@link #SKIP_VALUE} */ @Nullable Object getValue(@Nullable String name); } /** * URI template variables backed by a map. */ private static class MapTemplateVariables implements UriTemplateVariables { private final Map uriVariables; public MapTemplateVariables(Map uriVariables) { this.uriVariables = uriVariables; } @Override @Nullable public Object getValue(@Nullable String name) { if (!this.uriVariables.containsKey(name)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Map has no value for '" + name + "'"); } return this.uriVariables.get(name); } } /** * URI template variables backed by a variable argument array. */ private static class VarArgsTemplateVariables implements UriTemplateVariables { private final Iterator valueIterator; public VarArgsTemplateVariables(Object... uriVariableValues) { this.valueIterator = Arrays.asList(uriVariableValues).iterator(); } @Override @Nullable public Object getValue(@Nullable String name) { if (!this.valueIterator.hasNext()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not enough variable values available to expand '" + name + "'"); } return this.valueIterator.next(); } } }