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/*
* Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.beans;
import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.IntrospectionException;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.core.SpringProperties;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
/**
* Internal class that caches JavaBeans {@link java.beans.PropertyDescriptor}
* information for a Java class. Not intended for direct use by application code.
*
* Necessary for Spring's own caching of bean descriptors within the application
* {@link ClassLoader}, rather than relying on the JDK's system-wide {@link BeanInfo}
* cache (in order to avoid leaks on individual application shutdown in a shared JVM).
*
*
Information is cached statically, so we don't need to create new
* objects of this class for every JavaBean we manipulate. Hence, this class
* implements the factory design pattern, using a private constructor and
* a static {@link #forClass(Class)} factory method to obtain instances.
*
*
Note that for caching to work effectively, some preconditions need to be met:
* Prefer an arrangement where the Spring jars live in the same ClassLoader as the
* application classes, which allows for clean caching along with the application's
* lifecycle in any case. For a web application, consider declaring a local
* {@link org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener} in {@code web.xml}
* in case of a multi-ClassLoader layout, which will allow for effective caching as well.
*
*
In case of a non-clean ClassLoader arrangement without a cleanup listener having
* been set up, this class will fall back to a weak-reference-based caching model that
* recreates much-requested entries every time the garbage collector removed them. In
* such a scenario, consider the {@link #IGNORE_BEANINFO_PROPERTY_NAME} system property.
*
* @author Rod Johnson
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 05 May 2001
* @see #acceptClassLoader(ClassLoader)
* @see #clearClassLoader(ClassLoader)
* @see #forClass(Class)
*/
public final class CachedIntrospectionResults {
/**
* System property that instructs Spring to use the {@link Introspector#IGNORE_ALL_BEANINFO}
* mode when calling the JavaBeans {@link Introspector}: "spring.beaninfo.ignore", with a
* value of "true" skipping the search for {@code BeanInfo} classes (typically for scenarios
* where no such classes are being defined for beans in the application in the first place).
*
The default is "false", considering all {@code BeanInfo} metadata classes, like for
* standard {@link Introspector#getBeanInfo(Class)} calls. Consider switching this flag to
* "true" if you experience repeated ClassLoader access for non-existing {@code BeanInfo}
* classes, in case such access is expensive on startup or on lazy loading.
*
Note that such an effect may also indicate a scenario where caching doesn't work
* effectively: Prefer an arrangement where the Spring jars live in the same ClassLoader
* as the application classes, which allows for clean caching along with the application's
* lifecycle in any case. For a web application, consider declaring a local
* {@link org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener} in {@code web.xml}
* in case of a multi-ClassLoader layout, which will allow for effective caching as well.
* @see Introspector#getBeanInfo(Class, int)
*/
public static final String IGNORE_BEANINFO_PROPERTY_NAME = "spring.beaninfo.ignore";
private static final boolean shouldIntrospectorIgnoreBeaninfoClasses =
SpringProperties.getFlag(IGNORE_BEANINFO_PROPERTY_NAME);
/** Stores the BeanInfoFactory instances. */
private static final List beanInfoFactories = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(
BeanInfoFactory.class, CachedIntrospectionResults.class.getClassLoader());
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(CachedIntrospectionResults.class);
/**
* Set of ClassLoaders that this CachedIntrospectionResults class will always
* accept classes from, even if the classes do not qualify as cache-safe.
*/
static final Set acceptedClassLoaders =
Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));
/**
* Map keyed by Class containing CachedIntrospectionResults, strongly held.
* This variant is being used for cache-safe bean classes.
*/
static final ConcurrentMap, CachedIntrospectionResults> strongClassCache =
new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
/**
* Map keyed by Class containing CachedIntrospectionResults, softly held.
* This variant is being used for non-cache-safe bean classes.
*/
static final ConcurrentMap, CachedIntrospectionResults> softClassCache =
new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(64);
/**
* Accept the given ClassLoader as cache-safe, even if its classes would
* not qualify as cache-safe in this CachedIntrospectionResults class.
* This configuration method is only relevant in scenarios where the Spring
* classes reside in a 'common' ClassLoader (e.g. the system ClassLoader)
* whose lifecycle is not coupled to the application. In such a scenario,
* CachedIntrospectionResults would by default not cache any of the application's
* classes, since they would create a leak in the common ClassLoader.
*
Any {@code acceptClassLoader} call at application startup should
* be paired with a {@link #clearClassLoader} call at application shutdown.
* @param classLoader the ClassLoader to accept
*/
public static void acceptClassLoader(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (classLoader != null) {
acceptedClassLoaders.add(classLoader);
}
}
/**
* Clear the introspection cache for the given ClassLoader, removing the
* introspection results for all classes underneath that ClassLoader, and
* removing the ClassLoader (and its children) from the acceptance list.
* @param classLoader the ClassLoader to clear the cache for
*/
public static void clearClassLoader(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
acceptedClassLoaders.removeIf(registeredLoader ->
isUnderneathClassLoader(registeredLoader, classLoader));
strongClassCache.keySet().removeIf(beanClass ->
isUnderneathClassLoader(beanClass.getClassLoader(), classLoader));
softClassCache.keySet().removeIf(beanClass ->
isUnderneathClassLoader(beanClass.getClassLoader(), classLoader));
}
/**
* Create CachedIntrospectionResults for the given bean class.
* @param beanClass the bean class to analyze
* @return the corresponding CachedIntrospectionResults
* @throws BeansException in case of introspection failure
*/
static CachedIntrospectionResults forClass(Class beanClass) throws BeansException {
CachedIntrospectionResults results = strongClassCache.get(beanClass);
if (results != null) {
return results;
}
results = softClassCache.get(beanClass);
if (results != null) {
return results;
}
results = new CachedIntrospectionResults(beanClass);
ConcurrentMap, CachedIntrospectionResults> classCacheToUse;
if (ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(beanClass, CachedIntrospectionResults.class.getClassLoader()) ||
isClassLoaderAccepted(beanClass.getClassLoader())) {
classCacheToUse = strongClassCache;
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Not strongly caching class [" + beanClass.getName() + "] because it is not cache-safe");
}
classCacheToUse = softClassCache;
}
CachedIntrospectionResults existing = classCacheToUse.putIfAbsent(beanClass, results);
return (existing != null ? existing : results);
}
/**
* Check whether this CachedIntrospectionResults class is configured
* to accept the given ClassLoader.
* @param classLoader the ClassLoader to check
* @return whether the given ClassLoader is accepted
* @see #acceptClassLoader
*/
private static boolean isClassLoaderAccepted(ClassLoader classLoader) {
for (ClassLoader acceptedLoader : acceptedClassLoaders) {
if (isUnderneathClassLoader(classLoader, acceptedLoader)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Check whether the given ClassLoader is underneath the given parent,
* that is, whether the parent is within the candidate's hierarchy.
* @param candidate the candidate ClassLoader to check
* @param parent the parent ClassLoader to check for
*/
private static boolean isUnderneathClassLoader(@Nullable ClassLoader candidate, @Nullable ClassLoader parent) {
if (candidate == parent) {
return true;
}
if (candidate == null) {
return false;
}
ClassLoader classLoaderToCheck = candidate;
while (classLoaderToCheck != null) {
classLoaderToCheck = classLoaderToCheck.getParent();
if (classLoaderToCheck == parent) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Retrieve a {@link BeanInfo} descriptor for the given target class.
* @param beanClass the target class to introspect
* @return the resulting {@code BeanInfo} descriptor (never {@code null})
* @throws IntrospectionException from the underlying {@link Introspector}
*/
private static BeanInfo getBeanInfo(Class beanClass) throws IntrospectionException {
for (BeanInfoFactory beanInfoFactory : beanInfoFactories) {
BeanInfo beanInfo = beanInfoFactory.getBeanInfo(beanClass);
if (beanInfo != null) {
return beanInfo;
}
}
return (shouldIntrospectorIgnoreBeaninfoClasses ?
Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass, Introspector.IGNORE_ALL_BEANINFO) :
Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass));
}
/** The BeanInfo object for the introspected bean class. */
private final BeanInfo beanInfo;
/** PropertyDescriptor objects keyed by property name String. */
private final Map propertyDescriptors;
/** TypeDescriptor objects keyed by PropertyDescriptor. */
private final ConcurrentMap typeDescriptorCache;
/**
* Create a new CachedIntrospectionResults instance for the given class.
* @param beanClass the bean class to analyze
* @throws BeansException in case of introspection failure
*/
private CachedIntrospectionResults(Class beanClass) throws BeansException {
try {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Getting BeanInfo for class [" + beanClass.getName() + "]");
}
this.beanInfo = getBeanInfo(beanClass);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Caching PropertyDescriptors for class [" + beanClass.getName() + "]");
}
this.propertyDescriptors = new LinkedHashMap<>();
Set readMethodNames = new HashSet<>();
// This call is slow so we do it once.
PropertyDescriptor[] pds = this.beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) {
if (Class.class == beanClass && !("name".equals(pd.getName()) ||
(pd.getName().endsWith("Name") && String.class == pd.getPropertyType()))) {
// Only allow all name variants of Class properties
continue;
}
if (URL.class == beanClass && "content".equals(pd.getName())) {
// Only allow URL attribute introspection, not content resolution
continue;
}
if (pd.getWriteMethod() == null && isInvalidReadOnlyPropertyType(pd.getPropertyType(), beanClass)) {
// Ignore read-only properties such as ClassLoader - no need to bind to those
continue;
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Found bean property '" + pd.getName() + "'" +
(pd.getPropertyType() != null ? " of type [" + pd.getPropertyType().getName() + "]" : "") +
(pd.getPropertyEditorClass() != null ?
"; editor [" + pd.getPropertyEditorClass().getName() + "]" : ""));
}
pd = buildGenericTypeAwarePropertyDescriptor(beanClass, pd);
this.propertyDescriptors.put(pd.getName(), pd);
Method readMethod = pd.getReadMethod();
if (readMethod != null) {
readMethodNames.add(readMethod.getName());
}
}
// Explicitly check implemented interfaces for setter/getter methods as well,
// in particular for Java 8 default methods...
Class currClass = beanClass;
while (currClass != null && currClass != Object.class) {
introspectInterfaces(beanClass, currClass, readMethodNames);
currClass = currClass.getSuperclass();
}
// Check for record-style accessors without prefix: e.g. "lastName()"
// - accessor method directly referring to instance field of same name
// - same convention for component accessors of Java 15 record classes
introspectPlainAccessors(beanClass, readMethodNames);
this.typeDescriptorCache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>();
}
catch (IntrospectionException ex) {
throw new FatalBeanException("Failed to obtain BeanInfo for class [" + beanClass.getName() + "]", ex);
}
}
private void introspectInterfaces(Class beanClass, Class currClass, Set readMethodNames)
throws IntrospectionException {
for (Class ifc : currClass.getInterfaces()) {
if (!ClassUtils.isJavaLanguageInterface(ifc)) {
for (PropertyDescriptor pd : getBeanInfo(ifc).getPropertyDescriptors()) {
PropertyDescriptor existingPd = this.propertyDescriptors.get(pd.getName());
if (existingPd == null ||
(existingPd.getReadMethod() == null && pd.getReadMethod() != null)) {
// GenericTypeAwarePropertyDescriptor leniently resolves a set* write method
// against a declared read method, so we prefer read method descriptors here.
pd = buildGenericTypeAwarePropertyDescriptor(beanClass, pd);
if (pd.getWriteMethod() == null &&
isInvalidReadOnlyPropertyType(pd.getPropertyType(), beanClass)) {
// Ignore read-only properties such as ClassLoader - no need to bind to those
continue;
}
this.propertyDescriptors.put(pd.getName(), pd);
Method readMethod = pd.getReadMethod();
if (readMethod != null) {
readMethodNames.add(readMethod.getName());
}
}
}
introspectInterfaces(ifc, ifc, readMethodNames);
}
}
}
private void introspectPlainAccessors(Class beanClass, Set readMethodNames)
throws IntrospectionException {
for (Method method : beanClass.getMethods()) {
if (!this.propertyDescriptors.containsKey(method.getName()) &&
!readMethodNames.contains(method.getName()) && isPlainAccessor(method)) {
this.propertyDescriptors.put(method.getName(),
new GenericTypeAwarePropertyDescriptor(beanClass, method.getName(), method, null, null));
readMethodNames.add(method.getName());
}
}
}
private boolean isPlainAccessor(Method method) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers()) ||
method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class || method.getDeclaringClass() == Class.class ||
method.getParameterCount() > 0 || method.getReturnType() == void.class ||
isInvalidReadOnlyPropertyType(method.getReturnType(), method.getDeclaringClass())) {
return false;
}
try {
// Accessor method referring to instance field of same name?
method.getDeclaringClass().getDeclaredField(method.getName());
return true;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
return false;
}
}
private boolean isInvalidReadOnlyPropertyType(@Nullable Class returnType, Class beanClass) {
return (returnType != null && (ClassLoader.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType) ||
ProtectionDomain.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType) ||
(AutoCloseable.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType) &&
!AutoCloseable.class.isAssignableFrom(beanClass))));
}
BeanInfo getBeanInfo() {
return this.beanInfo;
}
Class getBeanClass() {
return this.beanInfo.getBeanDescriptor().getBeanClass();
}
@Nullable
PropertyDescriptor getPropertyDescriptor(String name) {
PropertyDescriptor pd = this.propertyDescriptors.get(name);
if (pd == null && StringUtils.hasLength(name)) {
// Same lenient fallback checking as in Property...
pd = this.propertyDescriptors.get(StringUtils.uncapitalize(name));
if (pd == null) {
pd = this.propertyDescriptors.get(StringUtils.capitalize(name));
}
}
return pd;
}
PropertyDescriptor[] getPropertyDescriptors() {
return this.propertyDescriptors.values().toArray(PropertyDescriptorUtils.EMPTY_PROPERTY_DESCRIPTOR_ARRAY);
}
private PropertyDescriptor buildGenericTypeAwarePropertyDescriptor(Class beanClass, PropertyDescriptor pd) {
try {
return new GenericTypeAwarePropertyDescriptor(beanClass, pd.getName(), pd.getReadMethod(),
pd.getWriteMethod(), pd.getPropertyEditorClass());
}
catch (IntrospectionException ex) {
throw new FatalBeanException("Failed to re-introspect class [" + beanClass.getName() + "]", ex);
}
}
TypeDescriptor addTypeDescriptor(PropertyDescriptor pd, TypeDescriptor td) {
TypeDescriptor existing = this.typeDescriptorCache.putIfAbsent(pd, td);
return (existing != null ? existing : td);
}
@Nullable
TypeDescriptor getTypeDescriptor(PropertyDescriptor pd) {
return this.typeDescriptorCache.get(pd);
}
}