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/*
 * Copyright 2014 Ben Manes. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.function.Function;

import org.checkerframework.checker.index.qual.NonNegative;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.PolyNull;

import com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache.stats.CacheStats;

/**
 * A semi-persistent mapping from keys to values. Cache entries are manually added using
 * {@link #get(Object, Function)} or {@link #put(Object, Object)}, and are stored in the cache until
 * either evicted or manually invalidated.
 * 

* Implementations of this interface are expected to be thread-safe and can be safely accessed by * multiple concurrent threads. * * @author [email protected] (Ben Manes) * @param the type of keys maintained by this cache * @param the type of mapped values */ public interface Cache { /** * Returns the value associated with the {@code key} in this cache, or {@code null} if there is no * cached value for the {@code key}. * * @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned * @return the value to which the specified key is mapped, or {@code null} if this cache does not * contain a mapping for the key * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null */ @Nullable V getIfPresent(K key); /** * Returns the value associated with the {@code key} in this cache, obtaining that value from the * {@code mappingFunction} if necessary. This method provides a simple substitute for the * conventional "if cached, return; otherwise create, cache and return" pattern. *

* If the specified key is not already associated with a value, attempts to compute its value * using the given mapping function and enters it into this cache unless {@code null}. The entire * method invocation is performed atomically, so the function is applied at most once per key. * Some attempted update operations on this cache by other threads may be blocked while the * computation is in progress, so the computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt * to update any other mappings of this cache. *

* Warning: as with {@link CacheLoader#load}, {@code mappingFunction} must not * attempt to update any other mappings of this cache. * * @param key the key with which the specified value is to be associated * @param mappingFunction the function to compute a value * @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with the specified key, or null if * the computed value is null * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or mappingFunction is null * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably attempts a recursive update to this * cache that would otherwise never complete * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the mappingFunction does so, in which case the mapping is * left unestablished */ @PolyNull V get(K key, Function mappingFunction); /** * Returns a map of the values associated with the {@code keys} in this cache. The returned map * will only contain entries which are already present in the cache. *

* Note that duplicate elements in {@code keys}, as determined by {@link Object#equals}, will be * ignored. * * @param keys the keys whose associated values are to be returned * @return an unmodifiable mapping of keys to values for the specified keys found in this cache * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null or contains a null element */ Map getAllPresent(Iterable keys); /** * Returns a map of the values associated with the {@code keys}, creating or retrieving those * values if necessary. The returned map contains entries that were already cached, combined with * the newly loaded entries; it will never contain null keys or values. *

* A single request to the {@code mappingFunction} is performed for all keys which are not already * present in the cache. All entries returned by {@code mappingFunction} will be stored in the * cache, over-writing any previously cached values. If another call to {@link #get} tries to load * the value for a key in {@code keys}, implementations may either have that thread load the entry * or simply wait for this thread to finish and return the loaded value. In the case of * overlapping non-blocking loads, the last load to complete will replace the existing entry. Note * that multiple threads can concurrently load values for distinct keys. Any loaded values for * keys that were not specifically requested will not be returned, but will be stored in the * cache. *

* Note that duplicate elements in {@code keys}, as determined by {@link Object#equals}, will be * ignored. * * @param keys the keys whose associated values are to be returned * @param mappingFunction the function to compute the values * @return an unmodifiable mapping of keys to values for the specified keys in this cache * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null or contains a null element, or * if the map returned by the mappingFunction is null * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the mappingFunction does so, in which case the mapping is * left unestablished */ Map getAll(Iterable keys, Function, ? extends Map> mappingFunction); /** * Associates the {@code value} with the {@code key} in this cache. If the cache previously * contained a value associated with the {@code key}, the old value is replaced by the new * {@code value}. *

* Prefer {@link #get(Object, Function)} when using the conventional "if cached, return; otherwise * create, cache and return" pattern. * * @param key the key with which the specified value is to be associated * @param value value to be associated with the specified key * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null */ void put(K key, V value); /** * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to the cache. The effect of this call is * equivalent to that of calling {@code put(k, v)} on this map once for each mapping from key * {@code k} to value {@code v} in the specified map. The behavior of this operation is undefined * if the specified map is modified while the operation is in progress. * * @param map the mappings to be stored in this cache * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null or the specified map contains null * keys or values */ void putAll(Map map); /** * Discards any cached value for the {@code key}. The behavior of this operation is undefined for * an entry that is being loaded (or reloaded) and is otherwise not present. * * @param key the key whose mapping is to be removed from the cache * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null */ void invalidate(K key); /** * Discards any cached values for the {@code keys}. The behavior of this operation is undefined * for an entry that is being loaded (or reloaded) and is otherwise not present. * * @param keys the keys whose associated values are to be removed * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null or contains a null element */ void invalidateAll(Iterable keys); /** * Discards all entries in the cache. The behavior of this operation is undefined for an entry * that is being loaded (or reloaded) and is otherwise not present. */ void invalidateAll(); /** * Returns the approximate number of entries in this cache. The value returned is an estimate; the * actual count may differ if there are concurrent insertions or removals, or if some entries are * pending removal due to expiration or weak/soft reference collection. In the case of stale * entries this inaccuracy can be mitigated by performing a {@link #cleanUp()} first. * * @return the estimated number of mappings */ @NonNegative long estimatedSize(); /** * Returns a current snapshot of this cache's cumulative statistics. All statistics are * initialized to zero and are monotonically increasing over the lifetime of the cache. *

* Due to the performance penalty of maintaining statistics, some implementations may not record * the usage history immediately or at all. * * @return the current snapshot of the statistics of this cache */ CacheStats stats(); /** * Returns a view of the entries stored in this cache as a thread-safe map. Modifications made to * the map directly affect the cache. *

* A computation operation, such as {@link ConcurrentMap#compute}, performs the entire method * invocation atomically, so the function is applied at most once per key. Some attempted update * operations by other threads may be blocked while computation is in progress. The computation * must not attempt to update any other mappings of this cache. *

* Iterators from the returned map are at least weakly consistent: they are safe for * concurrent use, but if the cache is modified (including by eviction) after the iterator is * created, it is undefined which of the changes (if any) will be reflected in that iterator. * * @return a thread-safe view of this cache supporting all of the optional {@link Map} operations */ ConcurrentMap asMap(); /** * Performs any pending maintenance operations needed by the cache. Exactly which activities are * performed -- if any -- is implementation-dependent. */ void cleanUp(); /** * Returns access to inspect and perform low-level operations on this cache based on its runtime * characteristics. These operations are optional and dependent on how the cache was constructed * and what abilities the implementation exposes. *

* Warning: policy operations must not be performed from within an atomic scope of * another cache operation. * * @return access to inspect and perform advanced operations based on the cache's characteristics */ Policy policy(); }





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