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/*
* Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.util;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
/**
* Static utilities for serialization and deserialization using
* Java Object Serialization.
*
* WARNING: These utilities should be used with caution. See
* Secure Coding Guidelines for the Java Programming Language
* for details.
*
* @author Dave Syer
* @author Loïc Ledoyen
* @author Sam Brannen
* @since 3.0.5
*/
public abstract class SerializationUtils {
/**
* Serialize the given object to a byte array.
* @param object the object to serialize
* @return an array of bytes representing the object in a portable fashion
*/
@Nullable
public static byte[] serialize(@Nullable Object object) {
if (object == null) {
return null;
}
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos)) {
oos.writeObject(object);
oos.flush();
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to serialize object of type: " + object.getClass(), ex);
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
/**
* Deserialize the byte array into an object.
* @param bytes a serialized object
* @return the result of deserializing the bytes
* @deprecated This utility uses Java Object Serialization, which allows
* arbitrary code to be run and is known for being the source of many Remote
* Code Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities.
*
Prefer the use of an external tool (that serializes to JSON, XML, or
* any other format) which is regularly checked and updated for not allowing RCE.
*/
@Deprecated
@Nullable
public static Object deserialize(@Nullable byte[] bytes) {
if (bytes == null) {
return null;
}
try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes))) {
return ois.readObject();
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to deserialize object", ex);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to deserialize object type", ex);
}
}
/**
* Clone the given object using Java Object Serialization.
* @param object the object to clone
* @param the type of the object to clone
* @return a clone (deep-copy) of the given object
* @since 6.0
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static T clone(T object) {
Object result = SerializationUtils.deserialize(SerializationUtils.serialize(object));
Assert.state(result != null, "Deserialized object must not be null");
return (T) result;
}
}