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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.transport;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageEncoder;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.ClientWarn;
import org.apache.cassandra.transport.messages.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.QueryState;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.JVMStabilityInspector;
/**
* A message from the CQL binary protocol.
*/
public abstract class Message
{
protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Message.class);
/**
* When we encounter an unexpected IOException we look for these {@link Throwable#getMessage() messages}
* (because we have no better way to distinguish) and log them at DEBUG rather than INFO, since they
* are generally caused by unclean client disconnects rather than an actual problem.
*/
private static final Set ioExceptionsAtDebugLevel = ImmutableSet.builder().
add("Connection reset by peer").
add("Broken pipe").
add("Connection timed out").
build();
public interface Codec extends CBCodec {}
public enum Direction
{
REQUEST, RESPONSE;
public static Direction extractFromVersion(int versionWithDirection)
{
return (versionWithDirection & 0x80) == 0 ? REQUEST : RESPONSE;
}
public int addToVersion(int rawVersion)
{
return this == REQUEST ? (rawVersion & 0x7F) : (rawVersion | 0x80);
}
}
public enum Type
{
ERROR (0, Direction.RESPONSE, ErrorMessage.codec),
STARTUP (1, Direction.REQUEST, StartupMessage.codec),
READY (2, Direction.RESPONSE, ReadyMessage.codec),
AUTHENTICATE (3, Direction.RESPONSE, AuthenticateMessage.codec),
CREDENTIALS (4, Direction.REQUEST, CredentialsMessage.codec),
OPTIONS (5, Direction.REQUEST, OptionsMessage.codec),
SUPPORTED (6, Direction.RESPONSE, SupportedMessage.codec),
QUERY (7, Direction.REQUEST, QueryMessage.codec),
RESULT (8, Direction.RESPONSE, ResultMessage.codec),
PREPARE (9, Direction.REQUEST, PrepareMessage.codec),
EXECUTE (10, Direction.REQUEST, ExecuteMessage.codec),
REGISTER (11, Direction.REQUEST, RegisterMessage.codec),
EVENT (12, Direction.RESPONSE, EventMessage.codec),
BATCH (13, Direction.REQUEST, BatchMessage.codec),
AUTH_CHALLENGE (14, Direction.RESPONSE, AuthChallenge.codec),
AUTH_RESPONSE (15, Direction.REQUEST, AuthResponse.codec),
AUTH_SUCCESS (16, Direction.RESPONSE, AuthSuccess.codec);
public final int opcode;
public final Direction direction;
public final Codec codec;
private static final Type[] opcodeIdx;
static
{
int maxOpcode = -1;
for (Type type : Type.values())
maxOpcode = Math.max(maxOpcode, type.opcode);
opcodeIdx = new Type[maxOpcode + 1];
for (Type type : Type.values())
{
if (opcodeIdx[type.opcode] != null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate opcode");
opcodeIdx[type.opcode] = type;
}
}
Type(int opcode, Direction direction, Codec codec)
{
this.opcode = opcode;
this.direction = direction;
this.codec = codec;
}
public static Type fromOpcode(int opcode, Direction direction)
{
if (opcode >= opcodeIdx.length)
throw new ProtocolException(String.format("Unknown opcode %d", opcode));
Type t = opcodeIdx[opcode];
if (t == null)
throw new ProtocolException(String.format("Unknown opcode %d", opcode));
if (t.direction != direction)
throw new ProtocolException(String.format("Wrong protocol direction (expected %s, got %s) for opcode %d (%s)",
t.direction,
direction,
opcode,
t));
return t;
}
}
public final Type type;
protected Connection connection;
private int streamId;
private Frame sourceFrame;
private Map customPayload;
protected ProtocolVersion forcedProtocolVersion = null;
protected Message(Type type)
{
this.type = type;
}
public void attach(Connection connection)
{
this.connection = connection;
}
public Connection connection()
{
return connection;
}
public Message setStreamId(int streamId)
{
this.streamId = streamId;
return this;
}
public int getStreamId()
{
return streamId;
}
public void setSourceFrame(Frame sourceFrame)
{
this.sourceFrame = sourceFrame;
}
public Frame getSourceFrame()
{
return sourceFrame;
}
public Map getCustomPayload()
{
return customPayload;
}
public void setCustomPayload(Map customPayload)
{
this.customPayload = customPayload;
}
public static abstract class Request extends Message
{
protected boolean tracingRequested;
protected Request(Type type)
{
super(type);
if (type.direction != Direction.REQUEST)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
public abstract Response execute(QueryState queryState, long queryStartNanoTime);
public void setTracingRequested()
{
this.tracingRequested = true;
}
public boolean isTracingRequested()
{
return tracingRequested;
}
}
public static abstract class Response extends Message
{
protected UUID tracingId;
protected List warnings;
protected Response(Type type)
{
super(type);
if (type.direction != Direction.RESPONSE)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
public Message setTracingId(UUID tracingId)
{
this.tracingId = tracingId;
return this;
}
public UUID getTracingId()
{
return tracingId;
}
public Message setWarnings(List warnings)
{
this.warnings = warnings;
return this;
}
public List getWarnings()
{
return warnings;
}
}
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public static class ProtocolDecoder extends MessageToMessageDecoder
{
public void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Frame frame, List results)
{
boolean isRequest = frame.header.type.direction == Direction.REQUEST;
boolean isTracing = frame.header.flags.contains(Frame.Header.Flag.TRACING);
boolean isCustomPayload = frame.header.flags.contains(Frame.Header.Flag.CUSTOM_PAYLOAD);
boolean hasWarning = frame.header.flags.contains(Frame.Header.Flag.WARNING);
UUID tracingId = isRequest || !isTracing ? null : CBUtil.readUUID(frame.body);
List warnings = isRequest || !hasWarning ? null : CBUtil.readStringList(frame.body);
Map customPayload = !isCustomPayload ? null : CBUtil.readBytesMap(frame.body);
try
{
if (isCustomPayload && frame.header.version.isSmallerThan(ProtocolVersion.V4))
throw new ProtocolException("Received frame with CUSTOM_PAYLOAD flag for native protocol version < 4");
Message message = frame.header.type.codec.decode(frame.body, frame.header.version);
message.setStreamId(frame.header.streamId);
message.setSourceFrame(frame);
message.setCustomPayload(customPayload);
if (isRequest)
{
assert message instanceof Request;
Request req = (Request)message;
Connection connection = ctx.channel().attr(Connection.attributeKey).get();
req.attach(connection);
if (isTracing)
req.setTracingRequested();
}
else
{
assert message instanceof Response;
if (isTracing)
((Response)message).setTracingId(tracingId);
if (hasWarning)
((Response)message).setWarnings(warnings);
}
results.add(message);
}
catch (Throwable ex)
{
frame.release();
// Remember the streamId
throw ErrorMessage.wrap(ex, frame.header.streamId);
}
}
}
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public static class ProtocolEncoder extends MessageToMessageEncoder
{
public void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Message message, List results)
{
Connection connection = ctx.channel().attr(Connection.attributeKey).get();
// The only case the connection can be null is when we send the initial STARTUP message (client side thus)
ProtocolVersion version = connection == null ? ProtocolVersion.CURRENT : connection.getVersion();
EnumSet flags = EnumSet.noneOf(Frame.Header.Flag.class);
Codec codec = (Codec)message.type.codec;
try
{
int messageSize = codec.encodedSize(message, version);
ByteBuf body;
if (message instanceof Response)
{
UUID tracingId = ((Response)message).getTracingId();
Map customPayload = message.getCustomPayload();
if (tracingId != null)
messageSize += CBUtil.sizeOfUUID(tracingId);
List warnings = ((Response)message).getWarnings();
if (warnings != null)
{
if (version.isSmallerThan(ProtocolVersion.V4))
throw new ProtocolException("Must not send frame with WARNING flag for native protocol version < 4");
messageSize += CBUtil.sizeOfStringList(warnings);
}
if (customPayload != null)
{
if (version.isSmallerThan(ProtocolVersion.V4))
throw new ProtocolException("Must not send frame with CUSTOM_PAYLOAD flag for native protocol version < 4");
messageSize += CBUtil.sizeOfBytesMap(customPayload);
}
body = CBUtil.allocator.buffer(messageSize);
if (tracingId != null)
{
CBUtil.writeUUID(tracingId, body);
flags.add(Frame.Header.Flag.TRACING);
}
if (warnings != null)
{
CBUtil.writeStringList(warnings, body);
flags.add(Frame.Header.Flag.WARNING);
}
if (customPayload != null)
{
CBUtil.writeBytesMap(customPayload, body);
flags.add(Frame.Header.Flag.CUSTOM_PAYLOAD);
}
}
else
{
assert message instanceof Request;
if (((Request)message).isTracingRequested())
flags.add(Frame.Header.Flag.TRACING);
Map payload = message.getCustomPayload();
if (payload != null)
messageSize += CBUtil.sizeOfBytesMap(payload);
body = CBUtil.allocator.buffer(messageSize);
if (payload != null)
{
CBUtil.writeBytesMap(payload, body);
flags.add(Frame.Header.Flag.CUSTOM_PAYLOAD);
}
}
try
{
codec.encode(message, body, version);
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
body.release();
throw e;
}
// if the driver attempted to connect with a protocol version lower than the minimum supported
// version, respond with a protocol error message with the correct frame header for that version
ProtocolVersion responseVersion = message.forcedProtocolVersion == null
? version
: message.forcedProtocolVersion;
if (responseVersion.isBeta())
flags.add(Frame.Header.Flag.USE_BETA);
results.add(Frame.create(message.type, message.getStreamId(), responseVersion, flags, body));
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
throw ErrorMessage.wrap(e, message.getStreamId());
}
}
}
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public static class Dispatcher extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler
{
private static class FlushItem
{
final ChannelHandlerContext ctx;
final Object response;
final Frame sourceFrame;
private FlushItem(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object response, Frame sourceFrame)
{
this.ctx = ctx;
this.sourceFrame = sourceFrame;
this.response = response;
}
}
private static final class Flusher implements Runnable
{
final EventLoop eventLoop;
final ConcurrentLinkedQueue queued = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
final AtomicBoolean running = new AtomicBoolean(false);
final HashSet channels = new HashSet<>();
final List flushed = new ArrayList<>();
int runsSinceFlush = 0;
int runsWithNoWork = 0;
private Flusher(EventLoop eventLoop)
{
this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
}
void start()
{
if (!running.get() && running.compareAndSet(false, true))
{
this.eventLoop.execute(this);
}
}
public void run()
{
boolean doneWork = false;
FlushItem flush;
while ( null != (flush = queued.poll()) )
{
channels.add(flush.ctx);
flush.ctx.write(flush.response, flush.ctx.voidPromise());
flushed.add(flush);
doneWork = true;
}
runsSinceFlush++;
if (!doneWork || runsSinceFlush > 2 || flushed.size() > 50)
{
for (ChannelHandlerContext channel : channels)
channel.flush();
for (FlushItem item : flushed)
item.sourceFrame.release();
channels.clear();
flushed.clear();
runsSinceFlush = 0;
}
if (doneWork)
{
runsWithNoWork = 0;
}
else
{
// either reschedule or cancel
if (++runsWithNoWork > 5)
{
running.set(false);
if (queued.isEmpty() || !running.compareAndSet(false, true))
return;
}
}
eventLoop.schedule(this, 10000, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
}
}
private static final ConcurrentMap flusherLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public Dispatcher()
{
super(false);
}
@Override
public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Request request)
{
final Response response;
final ServerConnection connection;
long queryStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
try
{
assert request.connection() instanceof ServerConnection;
connection = (ServerConnection)request.connection();
if (connection.getVersion().isGreaterOrEqualTo(ProtocolVersion.V4))
ClientWarn.instance.captureWarnings();
QueryState qstate = connection.validateNewMessage(request.type, connection.getVersion(), request.getStreamId());
logger.trace("Received: {}, v={}", request, connection.getVersion());
response = request.execute(qstate, queryStartNanoTime);
response.setStreamId(request.getStreamId());
response.setWarnings(ClientWarn.instance.getWarnings());
response.attach(connection);
connection.applyStateTransition(request.type, response.type);
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(t);
UnexpectedChannelExceptionHandler handler = new UnexpectedChannelExceptionHandler(ctx.channel(), true);
flush(new FlushItem(ctx, ErrorMessage.fromException(t, handler).setStreamId(request.getStreamId()), request.getSourceFrame()));
return;
}
finally
{
ClientWarn.instance.resetWarnings();
}
logger.trace("Responding: {}, v={}", response, connection.getVersion());
flush(new FlushItem(ctx, response, request.getSourceFrame()));
}
private void flush(FlushItem item)
{
EventLoop loop = item.ctx.channel().eventLoop();
Flusher flusher = flusherLookup.get(loop);
if (flusher == null)
{
Flusher alt = flusherLookup.putIfAbsent(loop, flusher = new Flusher(loop));
if (alt != null)
flusher = alt;
}
flusher.queued.add(item);
flusher.start();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
throws Exception
{
// Provide error message to client in case channel is still open
UnexpectedChannelExceptionHandler handler = new UnexpectedChannelExceptionHandler(ctx.channel(), false);
ErrorMessage errorMessage = ErrorMessage.fromException(cause, handler);
if (ctx.channel().isOpen())
{
ChannelFuture future = ctx.writeAndFlush(errorMessage);
// On protocol exception, close the channel as soon as the message have been sent
if (cause instanceof ProtocolException)
{
future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener()
{
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future)
{
ctx.close();
}
});
}
}
}
}
/**
* Include the channel info in the logged information for unexpected errors, and (if {@link #alwaysLogAtError} is
* false then choose the log level based on the type of exception (some are clearly client issues and shouldn't be
* logged at server ERROR level)
*/
static final class UnexpectedChannelExceptionHandler implements Predicate
{
private final Channel channel;
private final boolean alwaysLogAtError;
UnexpectedChannelExceptionHandler(Channel channel, boolean alwaysLogAtError)
{
this.channel = channel;
this.alwaysLogAtError = alwaysLogAtError;
}
@Override
public boolean apply(Throwable exception)
{
String message;
try
{
message = "Unexpected exception during request; channel = " + channel;
}
catch (Exception ignore)
{
// We don't want to make things worse if String.valueOf() throws an exception
message = "Unexpected exception during request; channel = ";
}
if (!alwaysLogAtError && exception instanceof IOException)
{
if (ioExceptionsAtDebugLevel.contains(exception.getMessage()))
{
// Likely unclean client disconnects
logger.trace(message, exception);
}
else
{
// Generally unhandled IO exceptions are network issues, not actual ERRORS
logger.info(message, exception);
}
}
else
{
// Anything else is probably a bug in server of client binary protocol handling
logger.error(message, exception);
}
// We handled the exception.
return true;
}
}
}