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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.graph;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CompatibleWith;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * An interface for graph-structured data,
 * whose edges are anonymous entities with no identity or information of their own.
 *
 * 

A graph is composed of a set of nodes and a set of edges connecting pairs of nodes. * *

There are three main interfaces provided to represent graphs. In order of increasing * complexity they are: {@link Graph}, {@link ValueGraph}, and {@link Network}. You should generally * prefer the simplest interface that satisfies your use case. See the * "Choosing the right graph type" section of the Guava User Guide for more details. * *

Capabilities

* *

{@code Graph} supports the following use cases (definitions of * terms): * *

    *
  • directed graphs *
  • undirected graphs *
  • graphs that do/don't allow self-loops *
  • graphs whose nodes/edges are insertion-ordered, sorted, or unordered *
* *

{@code Graph} explicitly does not support parallel edges, and forbids implementations or * extensions with parallel edges. If you need parallel edges, use {@link Network}. * *

Building a {@code Graph}

* *

The implementation classes that `common.graph` provides are not public, by design. To create * an instance of one of the built-in implementations of {@code Graph}, use the {@link GraphBuilder} * class: * *

{@code
 *   MutableGraph graph = GraphBuilder.undirected().build();
 * }
* *

{@link GraphBuilder#build()} returns an instance of {@link MutableGraph}, which is a subtype * of {@code Graph} that provides methods for adding and removing nodes and edges. If you do not * need to mutate a graph (e.g. if you write a method than runs a read-only algorithm on the graph), * you should use the non-mutating {@link Graph} interface, or an {@link ImmutableGraph}. * *

You can create an immutable copy of an existing {@code Graph} using {@link * ImmutableGraph#copyOf(Graph)}: * *

{@code
 *   ImmutableGraph immutableGraph = ImmutableGraph.copyOf(graph);
 * }
* *

Instances of {@link ImmutableGraph} do not implement {@link MutableGraph} (obviously!) and are * contractually guaranteed to be unmodifiable and thread-safe. * *

The Guava User Guide has more * information on (and examples of) building graphs. * *

Additional documentation

* *

See the Guava User Guide for the {@code common.graph} package ("Graphs Explained") for * additional documentation, including: * *

* * @author James Sexton * @author Joshua O'Madadhain * @param Node parameter type * @since 20.0 */ @Beta public interface Graph { // // Graph-level accessors // /** Returns all nodes in this graph, in the order specified by {@link #nodeOrder()}. */ Set nodes(); /** Returns all edges in this graph. */ Set> edges(); // // Graph properties // /** * Returns true if the edges in this graph are directed. Directed edges connect a {@link * EndpointPair#source() source node} to a {@link EndpointPair#target() target node}, while * undirected edges connect a pair of nodes to each other. */ boolean isDirected(); /** * Returns true if this graph allows self-loops (edges that connect a node to itself). Attempting * to add a self-loop to a graph that does not allow them will throw an {@link * UnsupportedOperationException}. */ boolean allowsSelfLoops(); /** Returns the order of iteration for the elements of {@link #nodes()}. */ ElementOrder nodeOrder(); // // Element-level accessors // /** * Returns the nodes which have an incident edge in common with {@code node} in this graph. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code node} is not an element of this graph */ Set adjacentNodes(@CompatibleWith("N") Object node); /** * Returns all nodes in this graph adjacent to {@code node} which can be reached by traversing * {@code node}'s incoming edges against the direction (if any) of the edge. * *

In an undirected graph, this is equivalent to {@link #adjacentNodes(Object)}. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code node} is not an element of this graph */ Set predecessors(@CompatibleWith("N") Object node); /** * Returns all nodes in this graph adjacent to {@code node} which can be reached by traversing * {@code node}'s outgoing edges in the direction (if any) of the edge. * *

In an undirected graph, this is equivalent to {@link #adjacentNodes(Object)}. * *

This is not the same as "all nodes reachable from {@code node} by following outgoing * edges". For that functionality, see {@link Graphs#reachableNodes(Graph, Object)}. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code node} is not an element of this graph */ Set successors(@CompatibleWith("N") Object node); /** * Returns the count of {@code node}'s incident edges, counting self-loops twice (equivalently, * the number of times an edge touches {@code node}). * *

For directed graphs, this is equal to {@code inDegree(node) + outDegree(node)}. * *

For undirected graphs, this is equal to {@code adjacentNodes(node).size()} + (1 if {@code * node} has an incident self-loop, 0 otherwise). * *

If the count is greater than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}, returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code node} is not an element of this graph */ int degree(@CompatibleWith("N") Object node); /** * Returns the count of {@code node}'s incoming edges (equal to {@code predecessors(node).size()}) * in a directed graph. In an undirected graph, returns the {@link #degree(Object)}. * *

If the count is greater than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}, returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code node} is not an element of this graph */ int inDegree(@CompatibleWith("N") Object node); /** * Returns the count of {@code node}'s outgoing edges (equal to {@code successors(node).size()}) * in a directed graph. In an undirected graph, returns the {@link #degree(Object)}. * *

If the count is greater than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}, returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}. * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code node} is not an element of this graph */ int outDegree(@CompatibleWith("N") Object node); // // Graph identity // /** * For the default {@link Graph} implementations, returns true if {@code this == object} * (reference equality). External implementations are free to define this method as they see fit, * as long as they satisfy the {@link Object#equals(Object)} contract. * *

To compare two {@link Graph}s based on their contents rather than their references, see * {@link Graphs#equivalent(Graph, Graph)}. */ @Override boolean equals(@Nullable Object object); /** * For the default {@link Graph} implementations, returns {@code System.identityHashCode(this)}. * External implementations are free to define this method as they see fit, as long as they * satisfy the {@link Object#hashCode()} contract. */ @Override int hashCode(); }





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