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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.db.lifecycle;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Runnables;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.ScheduledExecutors;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.CFMetaData;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.ColumnFamilyStore;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Directories;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.SystemKeyspace;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.OperationType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.lifecycle.LogRecord.Type;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.Component;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.Descriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SSTable;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SnapshotDeletingTask;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.SSTableReader;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.concurrent.Ref;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.concurrent.RefCounted;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.concurrent.Transactional;
/**
* IMPORTANT: When this object is involved in a transactional graph, and is not encapsulated in a LifecycleTransaction,
* for correct behaviour its commit MUST occur before any others, since it may legitimately fail. This is consistent
* with the Transactional API, which permits one failing action to occur at the beginning of the commit phase, but also
* *requires* that the prepareToCommit() phase only take actions that can be rolled back.
*
* IMPORTANT: The transaction must complete (commit or abort) before any temporary files are deleted, even though the
* txn log file itself will not be deleted until all tracked files are deleted. This is required by FileLister to ensure
* a consistent disk state. LifecycleTransaction ensures this requirement, so this class should really never be used
* outside of LT. @see LogAwareFileLister.classifyFiles()
*
* A class that tracks sstable files involved in a transaction across sstables:
* if the transaction succeeds the old files should be deleted and the new ones kept; vice-versa if it fails.
*
* The transaction log file contains new and old sstables as follows:
*
* add:[sstable-2][CRC]
* remove:[sstable-1,max_update_time,num files][CRC]
*
* where sstable-2 is a new sstable to be retained if the transaction succeeds and sstable-1 is an old sstable to be
* removed. CRC is an incremental CRC of the file content up to this point. For old sstable files we also log the
* last update time of all files for the sstable descriptor and the number of sstable files.
*
* Upon commit we add a final line to the log file:
*
* commit:[commit_time][CRC]
*
* When the transaction log is cleaned-up by the TransactionTidier, which happens only after any old sstables have been
* osoleted, then any sstable files for old sstables are removed before deleting the transaction log if the transaction
* was committed, vice-versa if the transaction was aborted.
*
* On start-up we look for any transaction log files and repeat the cleanup process described above.
*
* See CASSANDRA-7066 for full details.
*/
class LogTransaction extends Transactional.AbstractTransactional implements Transactional
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogTransaction.class);
/**
* If the format of the lines in the transaction log is wrong or the checksum
* does not match, then we throw this exception.
*/
public static final class CorruptTransactionLogException extends RuntimeException
{
public final LogFile txnFile;
public CorruptTransactionLogException(String message, LogFile txnFile)
{
super(message);
this.txnFile = txnFile;
}
}
private final Tracker tracker;
private final LogFile txnFile;
private final Ref selfRef;
// Deleting sstables is tricky because the mmapping might not have been finalized yet,
// and delete will fail (on Windows) until it is (we only force the unmapping on SUN VMs).
// Additionally, we need to make sure to delete the data file first, so on restart the others
// will be recognized as GCable.
private static final Queue failedDeletions = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
LogTransaction(OperationType opType)
{
this(opType, null);
}
LogTransaction(OperationType opType, Tracker tracker)
{
this.tracker = tracker;
this.txnFile = new LogFile(opType, UUIDGen.getTimeUUID());
this.selfRef = new Ref<>(this, new TransactionTidier(txnFile));
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Created transaction logs with id {}", txnFile.id());
}
/**
* Track a reader as new.
**/
void trackNew(SSTable table)
{
txnFile.add(Type.ADD, table);
}
/**
* Stop tracking a reader as new.
*/
void untrackNew(SSTable table)
{
txnFile.remove(Type.ADD, table);
}
/**
* Schedule a reader for deletion as soon as it is fully unreferenced.
*/
SSTableTidier obsoleted(SSTableReader reader)
{
if (txnFile.contains(Type.ADD, reader))
{
if (txnFile.contains(Type.REMOVE, reader))
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
return new SSTableTidier(reader, true, this);
}
txnFile.add(Type.REMOVE, reader);
if (tracker != null)
tracker.notifyDeleting(reader);
return new SSTableTidier(reader, false, this);
}
Map bulkObsoletion(Iterable sstables)
{
if (!txnFile.isEmpty())
throw new IllegalStateException("Bad state when doing bulk obsoletions");
txnFile.addAll(Type.REMOVE, sstables);
Map tidiers = new HashMap<>();
for (SSTableReader sstable : sstables)
{
if (tracker != null)
tracker.notifyDeleting(sstable);
tidiers.put(sstable, new SSTableTidier(sstable, false, this));
}
return tidiers;
}
OperationType type()
{
return txnFile.type();
}
UUID id()
{
return txnFile.id();
}
@VisibleForTesting
LogFile txnFile()
{
return txnFile;
}
@VisibleForTesting
List logFiles()
{
return txnFile.getFiles();
}
@VisibleForTesting
List logFilePaths()
{
return txnFile.getFilePaths();
}
static void delete(File file)
{
try
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Deleting {}", file);
Files.delete(file.toPath());
}
catch (NoSuchFileException e)
{
logger.error("Unable to delete {} as it does not exist, see debug log file for stack trace", file);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
{
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try (PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(baos))
{
e.printStackTrace(ps);
}
logger.debug("Unable to delete {} as it does not exist, stack trace:\n {}", file, baos.toString());
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.error("Unable to delete {}", file, e);
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* The transaction tidier.
*
* When the transaction reference is fully released we try to delete all the obsolete files
* depending on the transaction result, as well as the transaction log file.
*/
private static class TransactionTidier implements RefCounted.Tidy, Runnable
{
private final LogFile data;
TransactionTidier(LogFile data)
{
this.data = data;
}
public void tidy() throws Exception
{
run();
}
public String name()
{
return data.toString();
}
public void run()
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Removing files for transaction log {}", data);
if (!data.completed())
{ // this happens if we forget to close a txn and the garbage collector closes it for us
logger.error("Transaction log {} indicates txn was not completed, trying to abort it now", data);
Throwable err = Throwables.perform((Throwable)null, data::abort);
if (err != null)
logger.error("Failed to abort transaction log {}", data, err);
}
Throwable err = data.removeUnfinishedLeftovers(null);
if (err != null)
{
logger.info("Failed deleting files for transaction log {}, we'll retry after GC and on on server restart",
data,
err);
failedDeletions.add(this);
}
else
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Closing transaction log {}", data);
data.close();
}
}
}
static class Obsoletion
{
final SSTableReader reader;
final SSTableTidier tidier;
Obsoletion(SSTableReader reader, SSTableTidier tidier)
{
this.reader = reader;
this.tidier = tidier;
}
}
/**
* The SSTableReader tidier. When a reader is fully released and no longer referenced
* by any one, we run this. It keeps a reference to the parent transaction and releases
* it when done, so that the final transaction cleanup can run when all obsolete readers
* are released.
*/
public static class SSTableTidier implements Runnable
{
// must not retain a reference to the SSTableReader, else leak detection cannot kick in
private final Descriptor desc;
private final long sizeOnDisk;
private final Tracker tracker;
private final boolean wasNew;
private final Ref parentRef;
public SSTableTidier(SSTableReader referent, boolean wasNew, LogTransaction parent)
{
this.desc = referent.descriptor;
this.sizeOnDisk = referent.bytesOnDisk();
this.tracker = parent.tracker;
this.wasNew = wasNew;
this.parentRef = parent.selfRef.tryRef();
}
public void run()
{
if (tracker != null && !tracker.isDummy())
SystemKeyspace.clearSSTableReadMeter(desc.ksname, desc.cfname, desc.generation);
try
{
// If we can't successfully delete the DATA component, set the task to be retried later: see TransactionTidier
File datafile = new File(desc.filenameFor(Component.DATA));
if (datafile.exists())
delete(datafile);
else if (!wasNew)
logger.error("SSTableTidier ran with no existing data file for an sstable that was not new");
// let the remainder be cleaned up by delete
SSTable.delete(desc, SSTable.discoverComponentsFor(desc));
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
logger.error("Failed deletion for {}, we'll retry after GC and on server restart", desc);
failedDeletions.add(this);
return;
}
if (tracker != null && tracker.cfstore != null && !wasNew)
tracker.cfstore.metric.totalDiskSpaceUsed.dec(sizeOnDisk);
// release the referent to the parent so that the all transaction files can be released
parentRef.release();
}
public void abort()
{
parentRef.release();
}
}
static void rescheduleFailedDeletions()
{
Runnable task;
while ( null != (task = failedDeletions.poll()))
ScheduledExecutors.nonPeriodicTasks.submit(task);
// On Windows, snapshots cannot be deleted so long as a segment of the root element is memory-mapped in NTFS.
SnapshotDeletingTask.rescheduleFailedTasks();
}
static void waitForDeletions()
{
FBUtilities.waitOnFuture(ScheduledExecutors.nonPeriodicTasks.schedule(Runnables.doNothing(), 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
}
@VisibleForTesting
Throwable complete(Throwable accumulate)
{
try
{
accumulate = selfRef.ensureReleased(accumulate);
return accumulate;
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
logger.error("Failed to complete file transaction id {}", id(), t);
return Throwables.merge(accumulate, t);
}
}
protected Throwable doCommit(Throwable accumulate)
{
return complete(Throwables.perform(accumulate, txnFile::commit));
}
protected Throwable doAbort(Throwable accumulate)
{
return complete(Throwables.perform(accumulate, txnFile::abort));
}
protected void doPrepare() { }
/**
* Removes any leftovers from unifinished transactions as indicated by any transaction log files that
* are found in the table directories. This means that any old sstable files for transactions that were committed,
* or any new sstable files for transactions that were aborted or still in progress, should be removed *if
* it is safe to do so*. Refer to the checks in LogFile.verify for further details on the safety checks
* before removing transaction leftovers and refer to the comments at the beginning of this file or in NEWS.txt
* for further details on transaction logs.
*
* This method is called on startup and by the standalone sstableutil tool when the cleanup option is specified,
* @see StandaloneSSTableUtil.
*
* @return true if the leftovers of all transaction logs found were removed, false otherwise.
*
*/
static boolean removeUnfinishedLeftovers(CFMetaData metadata)
{
return removeUnfinishedLeftovers(new Directories(metadata, ColumnFamilyStore.getInitialDirectories()).getCFDirectories());
}
@VisibleForTesting
static boolean removeUnfinishedLeftovers(List directories)
{
LogFilesByName logFiles = new LogFilesByName();
directories.forEach(logFiles::list);
return logFiles.removeUnfinishedLeftovers();
}
private static final class LogFilesByName
{
// This maps a transaction log file name to a list of physical files. Each sstable
// can have multiple directories and a transaction is trakced by identical transaction log
// files, one per directory. So for each transaction file name we can have multiple
// physical files.
Map> files = new HashMap<>();
void list(File directory)
{
Arrays.stream(directory.listFiles(LogFile::isLogFile)).forEach(this::add);
}
void add(File file)
{
List filesByName = files.get(file.getName());
if (filesByName == null)
{
filesByName = new ArrayList<>();
files.put(file.getName(), filesByName);
}
filesByName.add(file);
}
boolean removeUnfinishedLeftovers()
{
return files.entrySet()
.stream()
.map(LogFilesByName::removeUnfinishedLeftovers)
.allMatch(Predicate.isEqual(true));
}
static boolean removeUnfinishedLeftovers(Map.Entry> entry)
{
try(LogFile txn = LogFile.make(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()))
{
if (txn.verify())
{
Throwable failure = txn.removeUnfinishedLeftovers(null);
if (failure != null)
{
logger.error("Failed to remove unfinished transaction leftovers for transaction log {}",
txn.toString(true), failure);
return false;
}
return true;
}
else
{
logger.error("Unexpected disk state: failed to read transaction log {}", txn.toString(true));
return false;
}
}
}
}
}