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    This project contains a parser for the Checker Framework's stub files: https://checkerframework.org/manual/#stub . It is a fork of the JavaParser project.

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    /*
 * Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Federico Tomassetti
 * Copyright (C) 2017-2024 The JavaParser Team.
 *
 * This file is part of JavaParser.
 *
 * JavaParser can be used either under the terms of
 * a) the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 *     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *     (at your option) any later version.
 * b) the terms of the Apache License
 *
 * You should have received a copy of both licenses in LICENCE.LGPL and
 * LICENCE.APACHE. Please refer to those files for details.
 *
 * JavaParser is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 */
package com.github.javaparser.resolution.logic;

import com.github.javaparser.resolution.MethodAmbiguityException;
import com.github.javaparser.resolution.MethodUsage;
import com.github.javaparser.resolution.TypeSolver;
import com.github.javaparser.resolution.declarations.*;
import com.github.javaparser.resolution.model.SymbolReference;
import com.github.javaparser.resolution.model.typesystem.ReferenceTypeImpl;
import com.github.javaparser.resolution.types.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

/**
 * @author Federico Tomassetti
 */
public class MethodResolutionLogic {

    private static String JAVA_LANG_OBJECT = Object.class.getCanonicalName();

    private static List groupVariadicParamValues(
            List argumentsTypes, int startVariadic, ResolvedType variadicType) {
        List res = new ArrayList<>(argumentsTypes.subList(0, startVariadic));
        List variadicValues = argumentsTypes.subList(startVariadic, argumentsTypes.size());
        if (variadicValues.isEmpty()) {
            // TODO if there are no variadic values we should default to the bound of the formal type
            res.add(variadicType);
        } else {
            ResolvedType componentType = findCommonType(variadicValues);
            res.add(convertToVariadicParameter(componentType));
        }
        return res;
    }

    private static ResolvedType findCommonType(List variadicValues) {
        if (variadicValues.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        // TODO implement this decently
        return variadicValues.get(0);
    }

    public static boolean isApplicable(
            ResolvedMethodDeclaration method, String name, List argumentsTypes, TypeSolver typeSolver) {
        return isApplicable(method, name, argumentsTypes, typeSolver, false);
    }

    /**
     * Note the specific naming here -- parameters are part of the method declaration,
     * while arguments are the values passed when calling a method.
     * Note that "needle" refers to that value being used as a search/query term to match against.
     *
     * @return true, if the given ResolvedMethodDeclaration matches the given name/types (normally obtained from a MethodUsage)
     *
     * @see {@link MethodResolutionLogic#isApplicable(MethodUsage, String, List, TypeSolver)}
     */
    private static boolean isApplicable(
            ResolvedMethodDeclaration methodDeclaration,
            String needleName,
            List needleArgumentTypes,
            TypeSolver typeSolver,
            boolean withWildcardTolerance) {
        if (!methodDeclaration.getName().equals(needleName)) {
            return false;
        }
        // The index of the final method parameter (on the method declaration).
        int countOfMethodParametersDeclared = methodDeclaration.getNumberOfParams();
        // The index of the final argument passed (on the method usage).
        int countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed = needleArgumentTypes.size();
        boolean methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter = methodDeclaration.hasVariadicParameter();
        if (!methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter
                && (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed != countOfMethodParametersDeclared)) {
            // If it is not variadic, and the number of parameters/arguments are unequal -- this is not a match.
            return false;
        }
        if (methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter) {
            if (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed <= (countOfMethodParametersDeclared - 2)) {
                // If it is variadic, and the number of arguments are short by **two or more** -- this is not a match.
                // Note that omitting the variadic parameter is treated as an empty array
                //  (thus being short of only 1 argument is fine, but being short of 2 or more is not).
                return false;
            }
            // If the method declaration we're considering has a variadic parameter,
            // attempt to convert the given list of arguments to fit this pattern
            // e.g. foo(String s, String... s2) {} --- consider the first argument, then group the remainder as an array
            ResolvedType expectedVariadicParameterType =
                    methodDeclaration.getLastParam().getType();
            for (ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration tp : methodDeclaration.getTypeParameters()) {
                expectedVariadicParameterType = replaceTypeParam(expectedVariadicParameterType, tp, typeSolver);
            }
            if (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed > countOfMethodParametersDeclared) {
                // If it is variadic, and we have an "excess" of arguments, group the "trailing" arguments into an
                // array.
                // Confirm all of these grouped "trailing" arguments have the required type -- if not, this is not a
                // valid type. (Maybe this is also done later..?)
                for (int variadicArgumentIndex = countOfMethodParametersDeclared;
                        variadicArgumentIndex < countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed;
                        variadicArgumentIndex++) {
                    ResolvedType currentArgumentType = needleArgumentTypes.get(variadicArgumentIndex);
                    boolean argumentIsAssignableToVariadicComponentType = expectedVariadicParameterType
                            .asArrayType()
                            .getComponentType()
                            .isAssignableBy(currentArgumentType);
                    if (!argumentIsAssignableToVariadicComponentType) {
                        // If any of the arguments are not assignable to the expected variadic type, this is not a
                        // match.
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            needleArgumentTypes = groupTrailingArgumentsIntoArray(
                    methodDeclaration, needleArgumentTypes, expectedVariadicParameterType);
        }
        // The index of the final argument passed (on the method usage).
        int countOfNeedleArgumentsPassedAfterGrouping = needleArgumentTypes.size();
        // If variadic parameters are possible then they will have been "grouped" into a single argument.
        // At this point, therefore, the number of arguments must be equal -- if they're not, then there is no match.
        if (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassedAfterGrouping != countOfMethodParametersDeclared) {
            return false;
        }
        Map matchedParameters = new HashMap<>();
        boolean needForWildCardTolerance = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < countOfMethodParametersDeclared; i++) {
            ResolvedType expectedDeclaredType = methodDeclaration.getParam(i).getType();
            ResolvedType actualArgumentType = needleArgumentTypes.get(i);
            if ((expectedDeclaredType.isTypeVariable() && !(expectedDeclaredType.isWildcard()))
                    && expectedDeclaredType.asTypeParameter().declaredOnMethod()) {
                matchedParameters.put(expectedDeclaredType.asTypeParameter().getName(), actualArgumentType);
                continue;
            }
            // if this is a variable arity method and we are trying to evaluate the last parameter
            // then we consider that an array of objects can be assigned by any array
            // for example:
            // The method call expression String.format("%d", new int[] {1})
            // must refer to the method String.format(String, Object...)
            // even if an array of primitive type cannot be assigned to an array of Object
            if (methodDeclaration.getParam(i).isVariadic()
                    && (i == countOfMethodParametersDeclared - 1)
                    && isArrayOfObject(expectedDeclaredType)
                    && actualArgumentType.isArray()) {
                continue;
            }
            boolean isAssignableWithoutSubstitution = expectedDeclaredType.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)
                    || (methodDeclaration.getParam(i).isVariadic()
                            && convertToVariadicParameter(expectedDeclaredType).isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType));
            if (!isAssignableWithoutSubstitution
                    && expectedDeclaredType.isReferenceType()
                    && actualArgumentType.isReferenceType()) {
                isAssignableWithoutSubstitution = isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(
                        expectedDeclaredType.asReferenceType(),
                        actualArgumentType.asReferenceType(),
                        matchedParameters);
            }
            if (!isAssignableWithoutSubstitution) {
                List typeParameters = methodDeclaration.getTypeParameters();
                typeParameters.addAll(methodDeclaration.declaringType().getTypeParameters());
                for (ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration tp : typeParameters) {
                    expectedDeclaredType = replaceTypeParam(expectedDeclaredType, tp, typeSolver);
                }
                if (!expectedDeclaredType.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)) {
                    if (actualArgumentType.isWildcard()
                            && withWildcardTolerance
                            && !expectedDeclaredType.isPrimitive()) {
                        needForWildCardTolerance = true;
                        continue;
                    }
                    // if the expected is java.lang.Math.max(double,double) and the type parameters are defined with
                    // constrain
                    // for example LambdaConstraintType{bound=TypeVariable {ReflectionTypeParameter{typeVariable=T}}},
                    // LambdaConstraintType{bound=TypeVariable {ReflectionTypeParameter{typeVariable=U}}}
                    // we want to keep this method for future resolution
                    if (actualArgumentType.isConstraint()
                            && withWildcardTolerance
                            && expectedDeclaredType.isPrimitive()) {
                        needForWildCardTolerance = true;
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter && i == countOfMethodParametersDeclared - 1) {
                        if (convertToVariadicParameter(expectedDeclaredType).isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return !withWildcardTolerance || needForWildCardTolerance;
    }

    private static boolean isArrayOfObject(ResolvedType type) {
        return type.isArray()
                && type.asArrayType().getComponentType().isReferenceType()
                && type.asArrayType().getComponentType().asReferenceType().isJavaLangObject();
    }

    private static ResolvedArrayType convertToVariadicParameter(ResolvedType type) {
        return type.isArray() ? type.asArrayType() : new ResolvedArrayType(type);
    }

    /*
     * Returns the last parameter index
     */
    private static int getLastParameterIndex(int countOfMethodParametersDeclared) {
        return Math.max(0, countOfMethodParametersDeclared - 1);
    }

    private static List groupTrailingArgumentsIntoArray(
            ResolvedMethodDeclaration methodDeclaration,
            List needleArgumentTypes,
            ResolvedType expectedVariadicParameterType) {
        // The index of the final method parameter (on the method declaration).
        int countOfMethodParametersDeclared = methodDeclaration.getNumberOfParams();
        int lastMethodParameterIndex = getLastParameterIndex(countOfMethodParametersDeclared);
        // The index of the final argument passed (on the method usage).
        int countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed = needleArgumentTypes.size();
        int lastNeedleArgumentIndex = getLastParameterIndex(countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed);
        if (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed > countOfMethodParametersDeclared) {
            // If it is variadic, and we have an "excess" of arguments, group the "trailing" arguments into an array.
            // Here we are sure that all of these grouped "trailing" arguments have the required type
            needleArgumentTypes = groupVariadicParamValues(
                    needleArgumentTypes,
                    lastMethodParameterIndex,
                    methodDeclaration.getLastParam().getType());
        }
        if (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed == (countOfMethodParametersDeclared - 1)) {
            // If it is variadic and we are short of **exactly one** parameter, this is a match.
            // Note that omitting the variadic parameter is treated as an empty array
            //  (thus being short of only 1 argument is fine, but being short of 2 or more is not).
            // thus group the "empty" value into an empty array...
            needleArgumentTypes = groupVariadicParamValues(
                    needleArgumentTypes,
                    lastMethodParameterIndex,
                    methodDeclaration.getLastParam().getType());
        } else if (countOfNeedleArgumentsPassed == countOfMethodParametersDeclared) {
            ResolvedType actualArgumentType = needleArgumentTypes.get(lastNeedleArgumentIndex);
            boolean finalArgumentIsArray = actualArgumentType.isArray()
                    && expectedVariadicParameterType.isAssignableBy(
                            actualArgumentType.asArrayType().getComponentType());
            if (finalArgumentIsArray) {
                // Treat as an array of values -- in which case the expected parameter type is the common type of this
                // array.
                // no need to do anything
                // expectedVariadicParameterType = actualArgumentType.asArrayType().getComponentType();
            } else {
                // Treat as a single value -- in which case, the expected parameter type is the same as the single
                // value.
                needleArgumentTypes = groupVariadicParamValues(
                        needleArgumentTypes,
                        lastMethodParameterIndex,
                        methodDeclaration.getLastParam().getType());
            }
        } else {
            // Should be unreachable.
        }
        return needleArgumentTypes;
    }

    public static boolean isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(
            ResolvedType expected, ResolvedType actual, Map matchedParameters) {
        if (expected.isReferenceType() && actual.isReferenceType()) {
            return isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(
                    expected.asReferenceType(), actual.asReferenceType(), matchedParameters);
        }
        if (expected.isReferenceType() && ResolvedPrimitiveType.isBoxType(expected) && actual.isPrimitive()) {
            ResolvedPrimitiveType expectedType = ResolvedPrimitiveType.byBoxTypeQName(
                            expected.asReferenceType().getQualifiedName())
                    .get()
                    .asPrimitive();
            return expected.isAssignableBy(actual);
        }
        if (expected.isTypeVariable()) {
            matchedParameters.put(expected.asTypeParameter().getName(), actual);
            return true;
        }
        if (expected.isArray()) {
            matchedParameters.put(expected.asArrayType().getComponentType().toString(), actual);
            return true;
        }
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                expected.getClass().getCanonicalName() + " " + actual.getClass().getCanonicalName());
    }

    public static boolean isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(
            ResolvedReferenceType expected, ResolvedReferenceType actual, Map matchedParameters) {
        if (actual.getQualifiedName().equals(expected.getQualifiedName())) {
            return isAssignableMatchTypeParametersMatchingQName(expected, actual, matchedParameters);
        } else {
            List ancestors = actual.getAllAncestors();
            for (ResolvedReferenceType ancestor : ancestors) {
                if (isAssignableMatchTypeParametersMatchingQName(expected, ancestor, matchedParameters)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private static boolean isAssignableMatchTypeParametersMatchingQName(
            ResolvedReferenceType expected, ResolvedReferenceType actual, Map matchedParameters) {
        if (!expected.getQualifiedName().equals(actual.getQualifiedName())) {
            return false;
        }
        if (expected.typeParametersValues().size()
                != actual.typeParametersValues().size()) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
            // return true;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < expected.typeParametersValues().size(); i++) {
            ResolvedType expectedParam = expected.typeParametersValues().get(i);
            ResolvedType actualParam = actual.typeParametersValues().get(i);
            // In the case of nested parameterizations eg. List <-> List
            // we should peel off one layer and ensure R <-> Integer
            if (expectedParam.isReferenceType() && actualParam.isReferenceType()) {
                ResolvedReferenceType r1 = expectedParam.asReferenceType();
                ResolvedReferenceType r2 = actualParam.asReferenceType();
                // we can have r1=A and r2=A.B (with B extends A and B is an inner class of A)
                // in this case we want to verify expected parameter from the actual parameter ancestors
                return isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(r1, r2, matchedParameters);
            }
            if (expectedParam.isArray() && actualParam.isArray()) {
                ResolvedType r1 = expectedParam.asArrayType().getComponentType();
                ResolvedType r2 = actualParam.asArrayType().getComponentType();
                // try to verify the component type of each array
                return isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(r1, r2, matchedParameters);
            }
            if (expectedParam.isTypeVariable()) {
                String expectedParamName = expectedParam.asTypeParameter().getName();
                if (!actualParam.isTypeVariable()
                        || !actualParam.asTypeParameter().getName().equals(expectedParamName)) {
                    return matchTypeVariable(expectedParam.asTypeVariable(), actualParam, matchedParameters);
                }
                // actualParam is a TypeVariable and actualParam has the same name as expectedParamName
                // We should definitely consider that types are assignable
                return true;
            } else if (expectedParam.isReferenceType()) {
                if (actualParam.isTypeVariable()) {
                    return matchTypeVariable(actualParam.asTypeVariable(), expectedParam, matchedParameters);
                }
                if (!expectedParam.equals(actualParam)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            if (expectedParam.isWildcard()) {
                if (expectedParam.asWildcard().isExtends()) {
                    // trying to compare with unbounded wildcard type parameter 
                    if (actualParam.isWildcard() && !actualParam.asWildcard().isBounded()) {
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (actualParam.isTypeVariable()) {
                        return matchTypeVariable(
                                actualParam.asTypeVariable(),
                                expectedParam.asWildcard().getBoundedType(),
                                matchedParameters);
                    }
                    return isAssignableMatchTypeParameters(
                            expectedParam.asWildcard().getBoundedType(), actualParam, matchedParameters);
                }
                // TODO verify super bound
                return true;
            }
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(expectedParam.describe());
        }
        return true;
    }

    private static boolean matchTypeVariable(
            ResolvedTypeVariable typeVariable, ResolvedType type, Map matchedParameters) {
        String typeParameterName = typeVariable.asTypeParameter().getName();
        if (matchedParameters.containsKey(typeParameterName)) {
            ResolvedType matchedParameter = matchedParameters.get(typeParameterName);
            if (matchedParameter.isAssignableBy(type)) {
                return true;
            }
            if (type.isAssignableBy(matchedParameter)) {
                // update matchedParameters to contain the more general type
                matchedParameters.put(typeParameterName, type);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        } else {
            matchedParameters.put(typeParameterName, type);
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static ResolvedType replaceTypeParam(
            ResolvedType type, ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration tp, TypeSolver typeSolver) {
        if (type.isTypeVariable() || type.isWildcard()) {
            if (type.describe().equals(tp.getName())) {
                List bounds = tp.getBounds();
                if (bounds.size() > 1) {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }
                if (bounds.size() == 1) {
                    return bounds.get(0).getType();
                }
                return new ReferenceTypeImpl(typeSolver.solveType(JAVA_LANG_OBJECT));
            }
            return type;
        }
        if (type.isPrimitive()) {
            return type;
        }
        if (type.isArray()) {
            return new ResolvedArrayType(replaceTypeParam(type.asArrayType().getComponentType(), tp, typeSolver));
        }
        if (type.isReferenceType()) {
            ResolvedReferenceType result = type.asReferenceType();
            result = result.transformTypeParameters(typeParam -> replaceTypeParam(typeParam, tp, typeSolver))
                    .asReferenceType();
            return result;
        }
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Replacing " + type + ", param " + tp + " with "
                + type.getClass().getCanonicalName());
    }

    /**
     * Note the specific naming here -- parameters are part of the method declaration,
     * while arguments are the values passed when calling a method.
     * Note that "needle" refers to that value being used as a search/query term to match against.
     *
     * @return true, if the given MethodUsage matches the given name/types (normally obtained from a ResolvedMethodDeclaration)
     *
     * @see {@link MethodResolutionLogic#isApplicable(ResolvedMethodDeclaration, String, List, TypeSolver)}  }
     * @see {@link MethodResolutionLogic#isApplicable(ResolvedMethodDeclaration, String, List, TypeSolver, boolean)}
     */
    public static boolean isApplicable(
            MethodUsage methodUsage,
            String needleName,
            List needleParameterTypes,
            TypeSolver typeSolver) {
        if (!methodUsage.getName().equals(needleName)) {
            return false;
        }
        // The index of the final method parameter (on the method declaration).
        int countOfMethodUsageArgumentsPassed = methodUsage.getNoParams();
        int lastMethodUsageArgumentIndex = getLastParameterIndex(countOfMethodUsageArgumentsPassed);
        // The index of the final argument passed (on the method usage).
        int needleParameterCount = needleParameterTypes.size();
        // TODO: Does the method usage have a declaration at this point..?
        boolean methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter =
                methodUsage.getDeclaration().hasVariadicParameter();
        // If the counts do not match and the method is not variadic, this is not a match.
        if (!methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter && !(needleParameterCount == countOfMethodUsageArgumentsPassed)) {
            return false;
        }
        // If the counts do not match and we have provided too few arguments, this is not a match. Note that variadic
        // parameters
        // allow you to omit the vararg, which would allow a difference of one, but a difference in count of 2 or more
        // is not a match.
        if (!(needleParameterCount == countOfMethodUsageArgumentsPassed)
                && needleParameterCount < lastMethodUsageArgumentIndex) {
            return false;
        }
        // Iterate over the arguments given to the method, and compare their types against the given method's declared
        // parameter types
        for (int i = 0; i < needleParameterCount; i++) {
            ResolvedType actualArgumentType = needleParameterTypes.get(i);
            ResolvedType expectedArgumentType;
            boolean reachedVariadicParam = methodIsDeclaredWithVariadicParameter && i >= lastMethodUsageArgumentIndex;
            if (!reachedVariadicParam) {
                // Not yet reached the variadic parameters -- the expected type is just whatever is at that position.
                expectedArgumentType = methodUsage.getParamType(i);
            } else {
                // We have reached the variadic parameters -- the expected type is the type of the last declared
                // parameter.
                expectedArgumentType = methodUsage.getParamType(lastMethodUsageArgumentIndex);
                // Note that the given variadic value might be an array - if so, use the array's component type rather.
                // This is only valid if ONE argument has been given to the vararg parameter.
                // Example: {@code void test(String... s) {}} and {@code test(stringArray)} -- {@code String... is
                // assignable by stringArray}
                // Example: {@code void test(String[]... s) {}} and {@code test(stringArrayArray)} -- {@code String[]...
                // is assignable by stringArrayArray}
                boolean argumentIsArray = (needleParameterCount == countOfMethodUsageArgumentsPassed)
                        && expectedArgumentType.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType);
                if (!argumentIsArray) {
                    // Get the component type of the declared parameter type.
                    expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.asArrayType().getComponentType();
                }
            }
            // Consider type parameters directly on the method declaration, and ALSO on the enclosing type (e.g. a
            // class)
            List typeParameters =
                    methodUsage.getDeclaration().getTypeParameters();
            typeParameters.addAll(methodUsage.declaringType().getTypeParameters());
            ResolvedType expectedTypeWithoutSubstitutions = expectedArgumentType;
            ResolvedType expectedTypeWithInference = expectedArgumentType;
            Map derivedValues = new HashMap<>();
            // For each declared parameter, infer the types that will replace generics (type parameters)
            for (int j = 0; j < countOfMethodUsageArgumentsPassed; j++) {
                ResolvedParameterDeclaration parameter =
                        methodUsage.getDeclaration().getParam(j);
                ResolvedType parameterType = parameter.getType();
                if (parameter.isVariadic()) {
                    // Don't continue if a vararg parameter is reached and there are no arguments left
                    if (needleParameterCount == j) {
                        break;
                    }
                    parameterType = parameterType.asArrayType().getComponentType();
                }
                inferTypes(needleParameterTypes.get(j), parameterType, derivedValues);
            }
            for (Map.Entry entry : derivedValues.entrySet()) {
                ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration tp = entry.getKey();
                expectedTypeWithInference = expectedTypeWithInference.replaceTypeVariables(tp, entry.getValue());
            }
            // Consider cases where type variables can be replaced (e.g. add(E element) vs add(String element))
            for (ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration tp : typeParameters) {
                if (tp.getBounds().isEmpty()) {
                    // expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.replaceTypeVariables(tp.getName(), new
                    // ReferenceTypeUsageImpl(typeSolver.solveType(JAVA_LANG_OBJECT), typeSolver));
                    expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.replaceTypeVariables(
                            tp,
                            ResolvedWildcard.extendsBound(
                                    new ReferenceTypeImpl(typeSolver.solveType(JAVA_LANG_OBJECT))));
                } else if (tp.getBounds().size() == 1) {
                    ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration.Bound bound =
                            tp.getBounds().get(0);
                    if (bound.isExtends()) {
                        // expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.replaceTypeVariables(tp.getName(),
                        // bound.getType());
                        expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.replaceTypeVariables(
                                tp, ResolvedWildcard.extendsBound(bound.getType()));
                    } else {
                        // expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.replaceTypeVariables(tp.getName(), new
                        // ReferenceTypeUsageImpl(typeSolver.solveType(JAVA_LANG_OBJECT), typeSolver));
                        expectedArgumentType = expectedArgumentType.replaceTypeVariables(
                                tp, ResolvedWildcard.superBound(bound.getType()));
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }
            }
            // Consider cases where type variables involve bounds e.g. super/extends
            ResolvedType expectedTypeWithSubstitutions = expectedTypeWithoutSubstitutions;
            for (ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration tp : typeParameters) {
                if (tp.getBounds().isEmpty()) {
                    expectedTypeWithSubstitutions = expectedTypeWithSubstitutions.replaceTypeVariables(
                            tp, new ReferenceTypeImpl(typeSolver.solveType(JAVA_LANG_OBJECT)));
                } else if (tp.getBounds().size() == 1) {
                    ResolvedTypeParameterDeclaration.Bound bound =
                            tp.getBounds().get(0);
                    if (bound.isExtends()) {
                        expectedTypeWithSubstitutions =
                                expectedTypeWithSubstitutions.replaceTypeVariables(tp, bound.getType());
                    } else {
                        expectedTypeWithSubstitutions = expectedTypeWithSubstitutions.replaceTypeVariables(
                                tp, new ReferenceTypeImpl(typeSolver.solveType(JAVA_LANG_OBJECT)));
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }
            }
            // If the given argument still isn't applicable even after considering type arguments/generics, this is not
            // a match.
            if (!expectedArgumentType.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)
                    && !expectedTypeWithSubstitutions.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)
                    && !expectedTypeWithInference.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)
                    && !expectedTypeWithoutSubstitutions.isAssignableBy(actualArgumentType)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        // If the checks above haven't failed, then we've found a match.
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Filters by given function {@param keyExtractor} using a stateful filter mechanism.
     *
     * 
         *      persons.stream().filter(distinctByKey(Person::getName))
     * 
    
     * 
    
     * The example above would return a distinct list of persons containing only one person per name.
     */
    private static  Predicate distinctByKey(Function keyExtractor) {
        Set seen = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
        return t -> seen.add(keyExtractor.apply(t));
    }

    /**
     * @param methods we expect the methods to be ordered such that inherited methods are later in the list
     */
    public static SymbolReference findMostApplicable(
            List methods,
            String name,
            List argumentsTypes,
            TypeSolver typeSolver) {
        SymbolReference res =
                findMostApplicable(methods, name, argumentsTypes, typeSolver, false);
        if (res.isSolved()) {
            return res;
        }
        return findMostApplicable(methods, name, argumentsTypes, typeSolver, true);
    }

    public static SymbolReference findMostApplicable(
            List methods,
            String name,
            List argumentsTypes,
            TypeSolver typeSolver,
            boolean wildcardTolerance) {
        List applicableMethods = methods.stream()
                . // Only consider methods with a matching name
                filter(m -> m.getName().equals(name))
                . // Filters out duplicate ResolvedMethodDeclaration by their signature.
                filter(distinctByKey(ResolvedMethodDeclaration::getQualifiedSignature))
                . // Checks if ResolvedMethodDeclaration is applicable to argumentsTypes.
                filter((m) -> isApplicable(m, name, argumentsTypes, typeSolver, wildcardTolerance))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        // If no applicable methods found, return as unsolved.
        if (applicableMethods.isEmpty()) {
            return SymbolReference.unsolved();
        }
        // If there are multiple possible methods found, null arguments can help to eliminate some matches.
        if (applicableMethods.size() > 1) {
            List nullParamIndexes = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < argumentsTypes.size(); i++) {
                if (argumentsTypes.get(i).isNull()) {
                    nullParamIndexes.add(i);
                }
            }
            // If some null arguments have been provided, use this to eliminate some opitons.
            if (!nullParamIndexes.isEmpty()) {
                // remove method with array param if a non array exists and arg is null
                Set removeCandidates = new HashSet<>();
                for (Integer nullParamIndex : nullParamIndexes) {
                    for (ResolvedMethodDeclaration methDecl : applicableMethods) {
                        if (methDecl.getParam(nullParamIndex).getType().isArray()) {
                            removeCandidates.add(methDecl);
                        }
                    }
                }
                // Where candidiates for removal are found, remove them.
                if (!removeCandidates.isEmpty() && removeCandidates.size() < applicableMethods.size()) {
                    applicableMethods.removeAll(removeCandidates);
                }
            }
        }
        // If only one applicable method found, short-circuit and return it here.
        if (applicableMethods.size() == 1) {
            return SymbolReference.solved(applicableMethods.get(0));
        }
        // Examine the applicable methods found, and evaluate each to determine the "best" one
        ResolvedMethodDeclaration winningCandidate = applicableMethods.get(0);
        ResolvedMethodDeclaration other = null;
        boolean possibleAmbiguity = false;
        for (int i = 1; i < applicableMethods.size(); i++) {
            other = applicableMethods.get(i);
            if (isMoreSpecific(winningCandidate, other, argumentsTypes)) {
                possibleAmbiguity = false;
            } else if (isMoreSpecific(other, winningCandidate, argumentsTypes)) {
                possibleAmbiguity = false;
                winningCandidate = other;
            } else {
                // 15.12.2.5. Choosing the Most Specific Method
                // One applicable method m1 is more specific than another applicable method m2, for an invocation with
                // argument
                // expressions e1, ..., ek, if any of the following are true:
                // m2 is generic, and m1 is inferred to be more specific than m2 for argument expressions e1, ..., ek by
                // §18.5.4.
                // 18.5.4. More Specific Method Inference should be verified
                // ...
                if (winningCandidate.isGeneric() && !other.isGeneric()) {
                    winningCandidate = other;
                } else if (!winningCandidate.isGeneric() && other.isGeneric()) {
                    // nothing to do at this stage winningCandidate is the winner
                } else if (winningCandidate
                        .declaringType()
                        .getQualifiedName()
                        .equals(other.declaringType().getQualifiedName())) {
                    possibleAmbiguity = true;
                } else {
                    // we expect the methods to be ordered such that inherited methods are later in the list
                }
            }
        }
        if (possibleAmbiguity) {
            // pick the first exact match if it exists
            if (!isExactMatch(winningCandidate, argumentsTypes)) {
                if (isExactMatch(other, argumentsTypes)) {
                    winningCandidate = other;
                } else {
                    throw new MethodAmbiguityException("Ambiguous method call: cannot find a most applicable method: "
                            + winningCandidate + ", " + other);
                }
            }
        }
        return SymbolReference.solved(winningCandidate);
    }

    protected static boolean isExactMatch(ResolvedMethodLikeDeclaration method, List argumentsTypes) {
        for (int i = 0; i < method.getNumberOfParams(); i++) {
            if (!method.getParam(i).getType().equals(argumentsTypes.get(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    private static ResolvedType getMethodsExplicitAndVariadicParameterType(ResolvedMethodDeclaration method, int i) {
        int numberOfParams = method.getNumberOfParams();
        if (i < numberOfParams) {
            return method.getParam(i).getType();
        }
        if (method.hasVariadicParameter()) {
            return method.getParam(numberOfParams - 1).getType();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static boolean isMoreSpecific(
            ResolvedMethodDeclaration methodA, ResolvedMethodDeclaration methodB, List argumentTypes) {
        final boolean aVariadic = methodA.hasVariadicParameter();
        final boolean bVariadic = methodB.hasVariadicParameter();
        final int aNumberOfParams = methodA.getNumberOfParams();
        final int bNumberOfParams = methodB.getNumberOfParams();
        final int numberOfArgs = argumentTypes.size();
        final ResolvedType lastArgType = numberOfArgs > 0 ? argumentTypes.get(numberOfArgs - 1) : null;
        final boolean isLastArgArray = lastArgType != null && lastArgType.isArray();
        int omittedArgs = 0;
        boolean isMethodAMoreSpecific = false;
        // If one method declaration has exactly the correct amount of parameters and is not variadic then it is always
        // preferred to a declaration that is variadic (and hence possibly also has a different amount of parameters).
        if (!aVariadic
                && aNumberOfParams == numberOfArgs
                && (bVariadic && (bNumberOfParams != numberOfArgs || !isLastArgArray))) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!bVariadic
                && bNumberOfParams == numberOfArgs
                && (aVariadic && (aNumberOfParams != numberOfArgs || !isLastArgArray))) {
            return false;
        }
        // If both methods are variadic but the calling method omits any varArgs, bump the omitted args to
        // ensure the varargs type is considered when determining which method is more specific
        if (aVariadic && bVariadic && aNumberOfParams == bNumberOfParams && numberOfArgs == aNumberOfParams - 1) {
            omittedArgs++;
        }
        // Either both methods are variadic or neither is. So we must compare the parameter types.
        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfArgs + omittedArgs; i++) {
            ResolvedType paramTypeA = getMethodsExplicitAndVariadicParameterType(methodA, i);
            ResolvedType paramTypeB = getMethodsExplicitAndVariadicParameterType(methodB, i);
            ResolvedType argType = null;
            if (i < argumentTypes.size()) {
                argType = argumentTypes.get(i);
            }
            // Safety: if a type is null it means a signature with too few parameters managed to get to this point.
            // This should not happen but it also means that this signature is immediately disqualified.
            if (paramTypeA == null) {
                return false;
            }
            if (paramTypeB == null) {
                return true;
            }
            // Widening primitive conversions have priority over boxing/unboxing conversions when finding the most
            // applicable method. E.g. assume we have method call foo(1) and declarations foo(long) and foo(Integer).
            // The method call will call foo(long), as it requires a widening primitive conversion from int to long
            // instead of a boxing conversion from int to Integer. See JLS §15.12.2.
            // This is what we check here.
            if (argType != null
                    && paramTypeA.isPrimitive() == argType.isPrimitive()
                    && paramTypeB.isPrimitive() != argType.isPrimitive()
                    && paramTypeA.isAssignableBy(argType)) {
                return true;
            }
            if (argType != null
                    && paramTypeB.isPrimitive() == argType.isPrimitive()
                    && paramTypeA.isPrimitive() != argType.isPrimitive()
                    && paramTypeB.isAssignableBy(argType)) {
                return false;
                // if paramA and paramB are not the last parameters
                // and the type of paramA or paramB (which are not more specific at this stage) is java.lang.Object
                // then we have to consider others parameters before concluding
            }
            if ((i < numberOfArgs - 1) && (isJavaLangObject(paramTypeB) || (isJavaLangObject(paramTypeA)))) {
                // consider others parameters
                // but eventually mark the method A as more specific if the methodB has an argument of type
                // java.lang.Object
                isMethodAMoreSpecific = isMethodAMoreSpecific || isJavaLangObject(paramTypeB);
            } else // If we get to this point then we check whether one of the methods contains a parameter type that is
            // more
            // specific. If it does, we can assume the entire declaration is more specific as we would otherwise have
            // a situation where the declarations are ambiguous in the given context.
            {
                boolean aAssignableFromB = paramTypeA.isAssignableBy(paramTypeB);
                boolean bAssignableFromA = paramTypeB.isAssignableBy(paramTypeA);
                if (bAssignableFromA && !aAssignableFromB) {
                    // A's parameter is more specific
                    return true;
                }
                if (aAssignableFromB && !bAssignableFromA) {
                    // B's parameter is more specific
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        if (aVariadic && !bVariadic) {
            // if the last argument is an array then m1 is more specific
            return isLastArgArray;
        }
        if (!aVariadic && bVariadic) {
            // if the last argument is an array and m1 is not variadic then
            // it is not more specific
            return !isLastArgArray;
        }
        return isMethodAMoreSpecific;
    }

    private static boolean isJavaLangObject(ResolvedType paramType) {
        return paramType.isReferenceType()
                && paramType.asReferenceType().getQualifiedName().equals("java.lang.Object");
    }

    private static boolean isMoreSpecific(MethodUsage methodA, MethodUsage methodB, List argumentTypes) {
        return isMoreSpecific(methodA.getDeclaration(), methodB.getDeclaration(), argumentTypes);
    }

    public static Optional findMostApplicableUsage(
            List methods, String name, List argumentsTypes, TypeSolver typeSolver) {
        List applicableMethods = methods.stream()
                .filter((m) -> isApplicable(m, name, argumentsTypes, typeSolver))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        if (applicableMethods.isEmpty()) {
            return Optional.empty();
        }
        if (applicableMethods.size() == 1) {
            return Optional.of(applicableMethods.get(0));
        }
        MethodUsage winningCandidate = applicableMethods.get(0);
        for (int i = 1; i < applicableMethods.size(); i++) {
            MethodUsage other = applicableMethods.get(i);
            if (isMoreSpecific(winningCandidate, other, argumentsTypes)) {
                // nothing to do
            } else if (isMoreSpecific(other, winningCandidate, argumentsTypes)) {
                winningCandidate = other;
            } else {
                if (winningCandidate
                        .declaringType()
                        .getQualifiedName()
                        .equals(other.declaringType().getQualifiedName())) {
                    if (!areOverride(winningCandidate, other)) {
                        throw new MethodAmbiguityException(
                                "Ambiguous method call: cannot find a most applicable method: " + winningCandidate
                                        + ", " + other + ". First declared in "
                                        + winningCandidate.declaringType().getQualifiedName());
                    }
                } else {
                    // we expect the methods to be ordered such that inherited methods are later in the list
                    // throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }
            }
        }
        return Optional.of(winningCandidate);
    }

    private static boolean areOverride(MethodUsage winningCandidate, MethodUsage other) {
        if (!winningCandidate.getName().equals(other.getName())) {
            return false;
        }
        if (winningCandidate.getNoParams() != other.getNoParams()) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < winningCandidate.getNoParams(); i++) {
            if (!winningCandidate
                    .getParamTypes()
                    .get(i)
                    .equals(other.getParamTypes().get(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static SymbolReference solveMethodInType(
            ResolvedTypeDeclaration typeDeclaration, String name, List argumentsTypes) {
        return solveMethodInType(typeDeclaration, name, argumentsTypes, false);
    }

    // TODO: Replace TypeDeclaration.solveMethod
    public static SymbolReference solveMethodInType(
            ResolvedTypeDeclaration typeDeclaration,
            String name,
            List argumentsTypes,
            boolean staticOnly) {
        if (typeDeclaration instanceof MethodResolutionCapability) {
            return ((MethodResolutionCapability) typeDeclaration).solveMethod(name, argumentsTypes, staticOnly);
        }
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(typeDeclaration.getClass().getCanonicalName());
    }

    public static void inferTypes(
            ResolvedType source, ResolvedType target, Map mappings) {
        if (source.equals(target)) {
            return;
        }
        if (source.isReferenceType() && target.isReferenceType()) {
            ResolvedReferenceType sourceRefType = source.asReferenceType();
            ResolvedReferenceType targetRefType = target.asReferenceType();
            if (sourceRefType.getQualifiedName().equals(targetRefType.getQualifiedName())) {
                if (!sourceRefType.isRawType() && !targetRefType.isRawType()) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < sourceRefType.typeParametersValues().size(); i++) {
                        inferTypes(
                                sourceRefType.typeParametersValues().get(i),
                                targetRefType.typeParametersValues().get(i),
                                mappings);
                    }
                }
            }
            return;
        }
        if (source.isReferenceType() && target.isWildcard()) {
            if (target.asWildcard().isBounded()) {
                inferTypes(source, target.asWildcard().getBoundedType(), mappings);
                return;
            }
            return;
        }
        if (source.isWildcard() && target.isWildcard()) {
            if (source.asWildcard().isBounded() && target.asWildcard().isBounded()) {
                inferTypes(
                        source.asWildcard().getBoundedType(),
                        target.asWildcard().getBoundedType(),
                        mappings);
            }
            return;
        }
        if (source.isReferenceType() && target.isTypeVariable()) {
            mappings.put(target.asTypeParameter(), source);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isWildcard() && target.isTypeVariable()) {
            mappings.put(target.asTypeParameter(), source);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isArray() && target.isArray()) {
            ResolvedType sourceComponentType = source.asArrayType().getComponentType();
            ResolvedType targetComponentType = target.asArrayType().getComponentType();
            inferTypes(sourceComponentType, targetComponentType, mappings);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isArray() && target.isWildcard()) {
            if (target.asWildcard().isBounded()) {
                inferTypes(source, target.asWildcard().getBoundedType(), mappings);
                return;
            }
            return;
        }
        if (source.isArray() && target.isTypeVariable()) {
            mappings.put(target.asTypeParameter(), source);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isWildcard() && target.isReferenceType()) {
            if (source.asWildcard().isBounded()) {
                inferTypes(source.asWildcard().getBoundedType(), target, mappings);
            }
            return;
        }
        if (source.isConstraint() && target.isReferenceType()) {
            inferTypes(source.asConstraintType().getBound(), target, mappings);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isConstraint() && target.isTypeVariable()) {
            inferTypes(source.asConstraintType().getBound(), target, mappings);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isTypeVariable() && target.isTypeVariable()) {
            mappings.put(target.asTypeParameter(), source);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isTypeVariable()) {
            inferTypes(target, source, mappings);
            return;
        }
        if (source.isPrimitive() || target.isPrimitive()) {
            return;
        }
        if (source.isNull()) {
            return;
        }
        if (target.isReferenceType()) {
            ResolvedReferenceType formalTypeAsReference = target.asReferenceType();
            if (formalTypeAsReference.isJavaLangObject()) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}
    
    
    
    

    




    
    
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