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The core XML data binding framework with support for marshalling Java objects to and unmarshalling from XML documents.
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package org.exolab.castor.xml.util;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.ProcessingInstruction;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import org.xml.sax.AttributeList;
import org.xml.sax.HandlerBase;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * A class for converting a SAX events to DOM nodes.
 *
 * @author Andrew Fawcett
 */
public class SAX2DOMHandler extends HandlerBase {

  private final Node _node;

  private final Stack _parents = new Stack();

  /**
   * Creates new instance of {@link SAX2DOMHandler} class.
   *
   * @param node the DOM node to use
   */
  public SAX2DOMHandler(Node node) {
    _node = node;
  }

  @Override
  public void startElement(final String name, final AttributeList attributes) {
    Node parent = !_parents.isEmpty() ? _parents.peek() : _node;
    final Document document = getDocument(parent);

    Element element = document.createElement(name);
    int length = attributes.getLength();
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      element.setAttribute(attributes.getName(i), attributes.getValue(i));
    }
    parent.appendChild(element);
    _parents.push(element);
  }

  @Override
  public void characters(final char[] chars, final int offset, final int length) {
    String data = new String(chars, offset, length);
    Node parent = !_parents.isEmpty() ? _parents.peek() : _node;
    Node last = parent.getLastChild();
    if ((last != null) && (last.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE)) {
      ((Text) last).appendData(data);
    } else {
      Text text = parent.getOwnerDocument().createTextNode(data);
      parent.appendChild(text);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void endElement(final String name) {
    _parents.pop();
  }

  @Override
  public void processingInstruction(String target, String data) throws SAXException {
    // adds the given processing instruction to the document root
    Document document = getDocument(_node);
    ProcessingInstruction instruction = document.createProcessingInstruction(target, data);
    document.insertBefore(instruction, document.getFirstChild());
  }

  /**
   * Returns the owning {@link Document} for the given {@link Node}.
   * 
   * @param node A given node.
   * @return the owning {@link Document} for the give node.
   */
  private Document getDocument(Node node) {
    Document document;
    if (node instanceof Document) {
      document = (Document) node;
    } else {
      document = node.getOwnerDocument();
    }
    return document;
  }
}