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Groovy: A powerful, dynamic language for the JVM
/*
* Copyright 2003-2009 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package groovy.sql;
import groovy.lang.Closure;
import groovy.lang.GString;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethods;
/**
* Represents an extent of objects
*
* @author Chris Stevenson
* @author James Strachan
* @author Paul King
* @author Marc DeXeT
* @version $Revision: 16362 $
*/
public class Sql {
/**
* Hook to allow derived classes to access the log
*/
protected Logger log = Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName());
private DataSource dataSource;
private Connection useConnection;
private int resultSetType = ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY;
private int resultSetConcurrency = ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY;
private int resultSetHoldability = -1;
// store the last row count for executeUpdate
private int updateCount = 0;
/*
* allows a closure to be used to configure the statement before its use
*/
private Closure configureStatement;
/*
* property for allowing connection caching feature
*/
private boolean cacheConnection;
/*
* property for allowing statements caching feature
*/
private boolean cacheStatements;
/*
* Statement cache
*/
private final Map statementCache = new HashMap();
/**
* Creates a new Sql instance given a JDBC connection URL.
*
* @param url a database url of the form
* jdbc:subprotocol:subname
* @return a new Sql instance with a connection
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public static Sql newInstance(String url) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
return new Sql(connection);
}
/**
* Creates a new Sql instance given a JDBC connection URL
* and some properties.
*
* @param url a database url of the form
* jdbc:subprotocol:subname
* @param properties a list of arbitrary string tag/value pairs
* as connection arguments; normally at least a "user" and
* "password" property should be included
* @return a new Sql instance with a connection
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public static Sql newInstance(String url, Properties properties) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, properties);
return new Sql(connection);
}
/**
* Creates a new Sql instance given a JDBC connection URL,
* some properties and a driver class name.
*
* @param url a database url of the form
* jdbc:subprotocol:subname
* @param properties a list of arbitrary string tag/value pairs
* as connection arguments; normally at least a "user" and
* "password" property should be included
* @param driverClassName the fully qualified class name of the driver class
* @return a new Sql instance with a connection
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be found or loaded
*/
public static Sql newInstance(String url, Properties properties, String driverClassName)
throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
loadDriver(driverClassName);
return newInstance(url, properties);
}
/**
* Creates a new Sql instance given a JDBC connection URL,
* a username and a password.
*
* @param url a database url of the form
* jdbc:subprotocol:subname
* @param user the database user on whose behalf the connection
* is being made
* @param password the user's password
* @return a new Sql instance with a connection
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public static Sql newInstance(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
return new Sql(connection);
}
/**
* Creates a new Sql instance given a JDBC connection URL,
* a username, a password and a driver class name.
*
* @param url a database url of the form
* jdbc:subprotocol:subname
* @param user the database user on whose behalf the connection
* is being made
* @param password the user's password
* @param driverClassName the fully qualified class name of the driver class
* @return a new Sql instance with a connection
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be found or loaded
*/
public static Sql newInstance(String url, String user, String password, String driverClassName) throws SQLException,
ClassNotFoundException {
loadDriver(driverClassName);
return newInstance(url, user, password);
}
/**
* Creates a new Sql instance given a JDBC connection URL
* and a driver class name.
*
* @param url a database url of the form
* jdbc:subprotocol:subname
* @param driverClassName the fully qualified class name of the driver class
* @return a new Sql instance with a connection
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be found or loaded
*/
public static Sql newInstance(String url, String driverClassName) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
loadDriver(driverClassName);
return newInstance(url);
}
/**
* Gets the resultSetType for statements created using the connection.
*
* @return the current resultSetType value
* @since 1.5.2
*/
public int getResultSetType() {
return resultSetType;
}
/**
* Sets the resultSetType for statements created using the connection.
* May cause SQLFeatureNotSupportedException exceptions to occur if the
* underlying database doesn't support the requested type value.
*
* @param resultSetType one of the following ResultSet
* constants:
* ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
* ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, or
* ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
* @since 1.5.2
*/
public void setResultSetType(int resultSetType) {
this.resultSetType = resultSetType;
}
/**
* Gets the resultSetConcurrency for statements created using the connection.
*
* @return the current resultSetConcurrency value
* @since 1.5.2
*/
public int getResultSetConcurrency() {
return resultSetConcurrency;
}
/**
* Sets the resultSetConcurrency for statements created using the connection.
* May cause SQLFeatureNotSupportedException exceptions to occur if the
* underlying database doesn't support the requested concurrency value.
*
* @param resultSetConcurrency one of the following ResultSet
* constants:
* ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY or
* ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
* @since 1.5.2
*/
public void setResultSetConcurrency(int resultSetConcurrency) {
this.resultSetConcurrency = resultSetConcurrency;
}
/**
* Gets the resultSetHoldability for statements created using the connection.
*
* @return the current resultSetHoldability value or -1 if not set
* @since 1.5.2
*/
public int getResultSetHoldability() {
return resultSetHoldability;
}
/**
* Sets the resultSetHoldability for statements created using the connection.
* May cause SQLFeatureNotSupportedException exceptions to occur if the
* underlying database doesn't support the requested holdability value.
*
* @param resultSetHoldability one of the following ResultSet
* constants:
* ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT or
* ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
* @since 1.5.2
*/
public void setResultSetHoldability(int resultSetHoldability) {
this.resultSetHoldability = resultSetHoldability;
}
/**
* Attempts to load the JDBC driver on the thread, current or system class
* loaders
*
* @param driverClassName the fully qualified class name of the driver class
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be found or loaded
*/
public static void loadDriver(String driverClassName) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// let's try the thread context class loader first
// let's try to use the system class loader
try {
Class.forName(driverClassName);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
try {
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(driverClassName);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e2) {
// now let's try the classloader which loaded us
try {
Sql.class.getClassLoader().loadClass(driverClassName);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e3) {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
public static final OutParameter ARRAY = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.ARRAY; }};
public static final OutParameter BIGINT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.BIGINT; }};
public static final OutParameter BINARY = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.BINARY; }};
public static final OutParameter BIT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.BIT; }};
public static final OutParameter BLOB = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.BLOB; }};
public static final OutParameter BOOLEAN = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.BOOLEAN; }};
public static final OutParameter CHAR = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.CHAR; }};
public static final OutParameter CLOB = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.CLOB; }};
public static final OutParameter DATALINK = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.DATALINK; }};
public static final OutParameter DATE = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.DATE; }};
public static final OutParameter DECIMAL = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.DECIMAL; }};
public static final OutParameter DISTINCT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.DISTINCT; }};
public static final OutParameter DOUBLE = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.DOUBLE; }};
public static final OutParameter FLOAT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.FLOAT; }};
public static final OutParameter INTEGER = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.INTEGER; }};
public static final OutParameter JAVA_OBJECT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.JAVA_OBJECT; }};
public static final OutParameter LONGVARBINARY = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.LONGVARBINARY; }};
public static final OutParameter LONGVARCHAR = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.LONGVARCHAR; }};
public static final OutParameter NULL = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.NULL; }};
public static final OutParameter NUMERIC = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.NUMERIC; }};
public static final OutParameter OTHER = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.OTHER; }};
public static final OutParameter REAL = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.REAL; }};
public static final OutParameter REF = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.REF; }};
public static final OutParameter SMALLINT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.SMALLINT; }};
public static final OutParameter STRUCT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.STRUCT; }};
public static final OutParameter TIME = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.TIME; }};
public static final OutParameter TIMESTAMP = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.TIMESTAMP; }};
public static final OutParameter TINYINT = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.TINYINT; }};
public static final OutParameter VARBINARY = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.VARBINARY; }};
public static final OutParameter VARCHAR = new OutParameter(){ public int getType() { return Types.VARCHAR; }};
public static InParameter ARRAY(Object value) { return in(Types.ARRAY, value); }
public static InParameter BIGINT(Object value) { return in(Types.BIGINT, value); }
public static InParameter BINARY(Object value) { return in(Types.BINARY, value); }
public static InParameter BIT(Object value) { return in(Types.BIT, value); }
public static InParameter BLOB(Object value) { return in(Types.BLOB, value); }
public static InParameter BOOLEAN(Object value) { return in(Types.BOOLEAN, value); }
public static InParameter CHAR(Object value) { return in(Types.CHAR, value); }
public static InParameter CLOB(Object value) { return in(Types.CLOB, value); }
public static InParameter DATALINK(Object value) { return in(Types.DATALINK, value); }
public static InParameter DATE(Object value) { return in(Types.DATE, value); }
public static InParameter DECIMAL(Object value) { return in(Types.DECIMAL, value); }
public static InParameter DISTINCT(Object value) { return in(Types.DISTINCT, value); }
public static InParameter DOUBLE(Object value) { return in(Types.DOUBLE, value); }
public static InParameter FLOAT(Object value) { return in(Types.FLOAT, value); }
public static InParameter INTEGER(Object value) { return in(Types.INTEGER, value); }
public static InParameter JAVA_OBJECT(Object value) { return in(Types.JAVA_OBJECT, value); }
public static InParameter LONGVARBINARY(Object value) { return in(Types.LONGVARBINARY, value); }
public static InParameter LONGVARCHAR(Object value) { return in(Types.LONGVARCHAR, value); }
public static InParameter NULL(Object value) { return in(Types.NULL, value); }
public static InParameter NUMERIC(Object value) { return in(Types.NUMERIC, value); }
public static InParameter OTHER(Object value) { return in(Types.OTHER, value); }
public static InParameter REAL(Object value) { return in(Types.REAL, value); }
public static InParameter REF(Object value) { return in(Types.REF, value); }
public static InParameter SMALLINT(Object value) { return in(Types.SMALLINT, value); }
public static InParameter STRUCT(Object value) { return in(Types.STRUCT, value); }
public static InParameter TIME(Object value) { return in(Types.TIME, value); }
public static InParameter TIMESTAMP(Object value) { return in(Types.TIMESTAMP, value); }
public static InParameter TINYINT(Object value) { return in(Types.TINYINT, value); }
public static InParameter VARBINARY(Object value) { return in(Types.VARBINARY, value); }
public static InParameter VARCHAR(Object value) { return in(Types.VARCHAR, value); }
/**
* Create a new InParameter
*
* @param type the JDBC data type
* @param value the object value
* @return an InParameter
*/
public static InParameter in(final int type, final Object value) {
return new InParameter() {
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
};
}
/**
* Create a new OutParameter
*
* @param type the JDBC data type.
* @return an OutParameter
*/
public static OutParameter out(final int type) {
return new OutParameter() {
public int getType() {
return type;
}
};
}
/**
* Create an inout parameter using this in parameter.
*
* @param in the InParameter of interest
* @return the resulting InOutParameter
*/
public static InOutParameter inout(final InParameter in) {
return new InOutParameter() {
public int getType() {
return in.getType();
}
public Object getValue() {
return in.getValue();
}
};
}
/**
* Create a new ResultSetOutParameter
*
* @param type the JDBC data type.
* @return a ResultSetOutParameter
*/
public static ResultSetOutParameter resultSet(final int type) {
return new ResultSetOutParameter() {
public int getType() {
return type;
}
};
}
/**
* Creates a variable to be expanded in the Sql string rather
* than representing an sql parameter.
*
* @param object the object of interest
* @return the expanded variable
*/
public static ExpandedVariable expand(final Object object) {
return new ExpandedVariable() {
public Object getObject() {
return object;
}
};
}
/**
* Constructs an SQL instance using the given DataSource. Each operation
* will use a Connection from the DataSource pool and close it when the
* operation is completed putting it back into the pool.
*
* @param dataSource the DataSource to use
*/
public Sql(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
/**
* Constructs an SQL instance using the given Connection. It is the caller's
* responsibility to close the Connection after the Sql instance has been
* used. You can do this on the connection object directly or by calling the
* {@link Connection#close()} method.
*
* @param connection the Connection to use
*/
public Sql(Connection connection) {
if (connection == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Must specify a non-null Connection");
}
this.useConnection = connection;
}
public Sql(Sql parent) {
this.dataSource = parent.dataSource;
this.useConnection = parent.useConnection;
}
public DataSet dataSet(String table) {
return new DataSet(this, table);
}
public DataSet dataSet(Class type) {
return new DataSet(this, type);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query calling the closure with the result set.
*
* @param sql the sql statement
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void query(String sql, Closure closure) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
Statement statement = getStatement(connection, sql);
configure(statement);
ResultSet results = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
results = statement.executeQuery(sql);
closure.call(results);
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement, results);
}
}
private Statement createStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
if (resultSetHoldability == -1) {
return connection.createStatement(resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency);
}
return connection.createStatement(resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, resultSetHoldability);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query with parameters calling the closure with the
* result set.
*
* @param sql the sql statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void query(String sql, List params, Closure closure) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet results = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getPreparedStatement(connection, sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
results = statement.executeQuery();
closure.call(results);
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement, results);
}
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query calling the closure with the result set.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void query(GString gstring, Closure closure) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
query(sql, params, closure);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query calling the closure with each row of the
* result set.
*
* @param sql the sql statement
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void eachRow(String sql, Closure closure) throws SQLException {
eachRow(sql, (Closure) null, closure);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query calling closures for metadata and each row
*
* @param sql the sql statement
* @param metaClosure called for meta data (only once after sql execution)
* @param rowClosure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void eachRow(String sql, Closure metaClosure, Closure rowClosure) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
Statement statement = getStatement(connection, sql);
configure(statement);
ResultSet results = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
results = statement.executeQuery(sql);
if (metaClosure != null) metaClosure.call(results.getMetaData());
GroovyResultSet groovyRS = new GroovyResultSetProxy(results).getImpl();
while (groovyRS.next()) {
rowClosure.call(groovyRS);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
} finally {
closeResources(connection, statement, results);
}
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query calling the closure with the result set.
*
* @param sql the sql statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void eachRow(String sql, List params, Closure closure) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet results = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getPreparedStatement(connection, sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
results = statement.executeQuery();
GroovyResultSet groovyRS = new GroovyResultSetProxy(results).getImpl();
while (groovyRS.next()) {
closure.call(groovyRS);
}
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement, results);
}
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query calling the closure with the result set.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void eachRow(GString gstring, Closure closure) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
eachRow(sql, params, closure);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query and return the rows of the result set.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @return a list of GroovyRowResult objects
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List rows(String sql) throws SQLException {
return rows(sql, (Closure) null);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query and return the rows of the result set.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return a list of GroovyRowResult objects
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List rows(GString gstring) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
return rows(sql, params);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query and return the rows of the result set.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @param metaClosure called with meta data of the ResultSet
* @return a list of GroovyRowResult objects
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List rows(String sql, Closure metaClosure) throws SQLException {
List results = new ArrayList();
Connection connection = createConnection();
Statement statement = getStatement(connection, sql);
configure(statement);
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
if (metaClosure != null) metaClosure.call(rs.getMetaData());
while (rs.next()) {
results.add(DefaultGroovyMethods.toRowResult(rs));
}
return (results);
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
} finally {
closeResources(connection, statement, rs);
}
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query with the list of params and return
* the rows of the result set.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @return a list of GroovyRowResult objects
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List rows(String sql, List params) throws SQLException {
List results = new ArrayList();
Connection connection = createConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getPreparedStatement(connection, sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
rs = statement.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
results.add(DefaultGroovyMethods.toRowResult(rs));
}
return (results);
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement, rs);
}
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query and return the first row of the result set.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @return a GroovyRowResult object
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public Object firstRow(String sql) throws SQLException {
List rows = rows(sql);
if (rows.isEmpty()) return null;
return (rows.get(0));
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query and return
* the first row of the result set.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return a GroovyRowResult object
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public Object firstRow(GString gstring) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
return firstRow(sql, params);
}
/**
* Performs the given SQL query with the list of params and return
* the first row of the result set.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @return a GroovyRowResult object
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public Object firstRow(String sql, List params) throws SQLException {
List rows = rows(sql, params);
if (rows.isEmpty()) return null;
return rows.get(0);
}
/**
* Executes the given piece of SQL.
*
* @param sql the SQL to execute
* @return true if the first result is a ResultSet
* object; false if it is an update count or there are
* no results
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public boolean execute(String sql) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
Statement statement = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getStatement(connection, sql);
configure(statement);
boolean isResultSet = statement.execute(sql);
this.updateCount = statement.getUpdateCount();
return isResultSet;
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Executes the given piece of SQL with parameters.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @return true if the first result is a ResultSet
* object; false if it is an update count or there are
* no results
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public boolean execute(String sql, List params) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getPreparedStatement(connection, sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
boolean isResultSet = statement.execute();
this.updateCount = statement.getUpdateCount();
return isResultSet;
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL with embedded expressions inside.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return true if the first result is a ResultSet
* object; false if it is an update count or there are
* no results
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public boolean execute(GString gstring) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
return execute(sql, params);
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL statement. See {@link #executeInsert(GString)}
* for more details.
*
* @param sql The SQL statement to execute
* @return A list of the auto-generated column values for each
* inserted row
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List executeInsert(String sql) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
Statement statement = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getStatement(connection, sql);
configure(statement);
boolean hasResultSet = statement.execute(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
// Prepare a list to contain the auto-generated column
// values, and then fetch them from the statement.
List autoKeys = new ArrayList();
ResultSet keys = statement.getGeneratedKeys();
int count = keys.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
// Copy the column values into a list of a list.
while (keys.next()) {
List rowKeys = new ArrayList(count);
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
rowKeys.add(keys.getObject(i));
}
autoKeys.add(rowKeys);
}
// Store the update count so that it can be retrieved by
// clients, and then return the list of auto-generated
// values.
this.updateCount = statement.getUpdateCount();
return autoKeys;
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL statement with a particular list of
* parameter values. See {@link #executeInsert(GString)} for
* more details.
*
* @param sql The SQL statement to execute
* @param params The parameter values that will be substituted
* into the SQL statement's parameter slots
* @return A list of the auto-generated column values for each
* inserted row
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List executeInsert(String sql, List params) throws SQLException {
// Now send the SQL to the database.
Connection connection = createConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
// Prepare a statement for the SQL and then execute it.
statement = getPreparedStatement(connection, sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
this.updateCount = statement.executeUpdate();
// Prepare a list to contain the auto-generated column
// values, and then fetch them from the statement.
List autoKeys = new ArrayList();
ResultSet keys = statement.getGeneratedKeys();
int count = keys.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
// Copy the column values into a list of a list.
while (keys.next()) {
List rowKeys = new ArrayList(count);
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
rowKeys.add(keys.getObject(i));
}
autoKeys.add(rowKeys);
}
return autoKeys;
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL with embedded expressions inside, and
* returns the values of any auto-generated colums, such as an
* autoincrement ID field. These values can be accessed using
* array notation. For example, to return the second auto-generated
* column value of the third row, use keys[3][1]. The
* method is designed to be used with SQL INSERT statements, but is
* not limited to them.
* The standard use for this method is when a table has an
* autoincrement ID column and you want to know what the ID is for
* a newly inserted row. In this example, we insert a single row
* into a table in which the first column contains the autoincrement
* ID:
*
* def sql = Sql.newInstance("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/groovy",
* "user",
* "password",
* "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
*
* def keys = sql.insert("insert into test_table (INT_DATA, STRING_DATA) "
* + "VALUES (1, 'Key Largo')")
*
* def id = keys[0][0]
*
* // 'id' now contains the value of the new row's ID column.
* // It can be used to update an object representation's
* // id attribute for example.
* ...
*
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return A list of column values representing each row's
* auto-generated keys
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public List executeInsert(GString gstring) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
return executeInsert(sql, params);
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL update.
*
* @param sql the SQL to execute
* @return the number of rows updated or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public int executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
Statement statement = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getStatement(connection, sql);
configure(statement);
this.updateCount = statement.executeUpdate(sql);
return this.updateCount;
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL update with parameters.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @return the number of rows updated or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public int executeUpdate(String sql, List params) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = createConnection();
PreparedStatement statement = null;
try {
log.fine(sql);
statement = getPreparedStatement(connection, sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
this.updateCount = statement.executeUpdate();
return this.updateCount;
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Executes the given SQL update with embedded expressions inside.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return the number of rows updated or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public int executeUpdate(GString gstring) throws SQLException {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
return executeUpdate(sql, params);
}
/**
* Performs a stored procedure call.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @return the number of rows updated or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public int call(String sql) throws Exception {
return call(sql, Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
}
/**
* Performs a stored procedure call with the given parameters.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @return the number of rows updated or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public int call(String sql, List params) throws Exception {
Connection connection = createConnection();
CallableStatement statement = connection.prepareCall(sql);
try {
log.fine(sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
configure(statement);
return statement.executeUpdate();
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.FINE, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
}
finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Performs a stored procedure call with the given parameters. The closure
* is called once with all the out parameters.
*
* @param sql the sql statement
* @param params a list of parameters
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void call(String sql, List params, Closure closure) throws Exception {
Connection connection = createConnection();
CallableStatement statement = connection.prepareCall(sql);
try {
log.fine(sql);
setParameters(params, statement);
statement.execute();
List results = new ArrayList();
int indx = 0;
int inouts = 0;
for (Object value : params) {
if (value instanceof OutParameter) {
if (value instanceof ResultSetOutParameter) {
results.add(CallResultSet.getImpl(statement, indx));
} else {
Object o = statement.getObject(indx + 1);
if (o instanceof ResultSet) {
results.add(new GroovyResultSetProxy((ResultSet) o).getImpl());
} else {
results.add(o);
}
}
inouts++;
}
indx++;
}
closure.call(results.toArray(new Object[inouts]));
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.WARNING, "Failed to execute: " + sql, e);
throw e;
} finally {
closeResources(connection, statement);
}
}
/**
* Performs a stored procedure call with the given parameters.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return the number of rows updated or 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public int call(GString gstring) throws Exception {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
return call(sql, params);
}
/**
* Performs a stored procedure call with the given parameters,
* calling the closure once with all result objects.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @param closure called for each row with a GroovyResultSet
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void call(GString gstring, Closure closure) throws Exception {
List params = getParameters(gstring);
String sql = asSql(gstring, params);
call(sql, params, closure);
}
/**
* If this SQL object was created with a Connection then this method closes
* the connection. If this SQL object was created from a DataSource then
* this method does nothing.
*
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void close() throws SQLException {
if (useConnection == null) {
log.log(Level.FINEST, "Close operation not supported when using datasets - attempt to close ignored");
return;
}
try {
useConnection.close();
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.SEVERE, "Caught exception closing connection: " + e, e);
throw e;
}
}
public DataSource getDataSource() {
return dataSource;
}
/**
* If this SQL object was created with a Connection then this method commits
* the connection. If this SQL object was created from a DataSource then
* this method does nothing.
*
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void commit() throws SQLException {
if (useConnection == null) {
log.log(Level.FINEST, "Commit operation not supported when using datasets unless using withTransaction or cacheConnection - attempt to commit ignored");
return;
}
try {
useConnection.commit();
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.SEVERE, "Caught exception committing connection: " + e, e);
throw e;
}
}
/**
* If this SQL object was created with a Connection then this method rolls back
* the connection. If this SQL object was created from a DataSource then
* this method does nothing.
*
* @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
if (useConnection == null) {
log.log(Level.FINEST, "Rollback operation not supported when using datasets unless using withTransaction or cacheConnection - attempt to rollback ignored");
return;
}
try {
useConnection.rollback();
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.log(Level.SEVERE, "Caught exception rolling back connection: " + e, e);
throw e;
}
}
/**
* @return Returns the updateCount.
*/
public int getUpdateCount() {
return updateCount;
}
/**
* If this instance was created with a single Connection then the connection
* is returned. Otherwise if this instance was created with a DataSource
* then this method returns null
*
* @return the connection wired into this object, or null if this object
* uses a DataSource
*/
public Connection getConnection() {
return useConnection;
}
/**
* Allows a closure to be passed in to configure the JDBC statements before they are executed.
* It can be used to do things like set the query size etc. When this method is invoked, the supplied
* closure is saved. Statements subsequent created from other methods will then be
* configured using this closure. The statement being configured is passed into the closure
* as its single argument, e.g.:
*
* sql.withStatement{ stmt -> stmt.maxRows == 10 }
* def firstTenRows = sql.rows("select * from table")
*
*
* @param configureStatement the closure
*/
public void withStatement(Closure configureStatement) {
this.configureStatement = configureStatement;
}
// Implementation methods
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Hook to allow derived classes to override sql generation from Gstrings.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @param values the values to embed
* @return the SQL version of the given query using ? instead of any
* parameter
*/
protected String asSql(GString gstring, List values) {
String[] strings = gstring.getStrings();
if (strings.length <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No SQL specified in GString: " + gstring);
}
boolean nulls = false;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
boolean warned = false;
Iterator iter = values.iterator();
for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
String text = strings[i];
if (text != null) {
buffer.append(text);
}
if (iter.hasNext()) {
Object value = iter.next();
if (value != null) {
if (value instanceof ExpandedVariable) {
buffer.append(((ExpandedVariable) value).getObject());
iter.remove();
} else {
boolean validBinding = true;
if (i < strings.length - 1) {
String nextText = strings[i + 1];
if ((text.endsWith("\"") || text.endsWith("'")) && (nextText.startsWith("'") || nextText.startsWith("\""))) {
if (!warned) {
log.warning("In Groovy SQL please do not use quotes around dynamic expressions " +
"(which start with $) as this means we cannot use a JDBC PreparedStatement " +
"and so is a security hole. Groovy has worked around your mistake but the security hole is still there. " +
"The expression so far is: " + buffer.toString() + "?" + nextText);
warned = true;
}
buffer.append(value);
iter.remove();
validBinding = false;
}
}
if (validBinding) {
buffer.append("?");
}
}
} else {
nulls = true;
iter.remove();
buffer.append("?'\"?"); // will replace these with nullish values
}
}
}
String sql = buffer.toString();
if (nulls) {
sql = nullify(sql);
}
return sql;
}
/**
* Hook to allow derived classes to override null handling.
* Default behavior is to replace ?'"? references with NULLish
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @return the modified SQL String
*/
protected String nullify(String sql) {
/*
* Some drivers (Oracle classes12.zip) have difficulty resolving data
* type if setObject(null). We will modify the query to pass 'null', 'is
* null', and 'is not null'
*/
//could be more efficient by compiling expressions in advance.
int firstWhere = findWhereKeyword(sql);
if (firstWhere >= 0) {
Pattern[] patterns = {Pattern.compile("(?is)^(.{" + firstWhere + "}.*?)!=\\s{0,1}(\\s*)\\?'\"\\?(.*)"),
Pattern.compile("(?is)^(.{" + firstWhere + "}.*?)<>\\s{0,1}(\\s*)\\?'\"\\?(.*)"),
Pattern.compile("(?is)^(.{" + firstWhere + "}.*?[^<>])=\\s{0,1}(\\s*)\\?'\"\\?(.*)"),};
String[] replacements = {"$1 is not $2null$3", "$1 is not $2null$3", "$1 is $2null$3",};
for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i++) {
Matcher matcher = patterns[i].matcher(sql);
while (matcher.matches()) {
sql = matcher.replaceAll(replacements[i]);
matcher = patterns[i].matcher(sql);
}
}
}
return sql.replaceAll("\\?'\"\\?", "null");
}
/**
* Hook to allow derived classes to override where clause sniffing.
* Default behavior is to find the first 'where' keyword in the sql
* doing simple avoidance of the word 'where' within quotes.
*
* @param sql the SQL statement
* @return the index of the found keyword or -1 if not found
*/
protected int findWhereKeyword(String sql) {
char[] chars = sql.toLowerCase().toCharArray();
char[] whereChars = "where".toCharArray();
int i = 0;
boolean inString = false; //TODO: Cater for comments?
int inWhere = 0;
while (i < chars.length) {
switch (chars[i]) {
case '\'':
inString = !inString;
break;
default:
if (!inString && chars[i] == whereChars[inWhere]) {
inWhere++;
if (inWhere == whereChars.length) {
return i;
}
}
}
i++;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* Hook to allow derived classes to override behavior associated with
* extracting params from a GString.
*
* @param gstring a GString containing the SQL query with embedded params
* @return extracts the parameters from the expression as a List
*/
protected List getParameters(GString gstring) {
return new ArrayList