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/*
 * Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.groovy.util.concurrent.concurrentlinkedhashmap;

import javax.annotation.concurrent.NotThreadSafe;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

/**
 * Linked list implementation of the {@link Deque} interface where the link
 * pointers are tightly integrated with the element. Linked deques have no
 * capacity restrictions; they grow as necessary to support usage. They are not
 * thread-safe; in the absence of external synchronization, they do not support
 * concurrent access by multiple threads. Null elements are prohibited.
 * 

* Most LinkedDeque operations run in constant time by assuming that * the {@link Linked} parameter is associated with the deque instance. Any usage * that violates this assumption will result in non-deterministic behavior. *

* The iterators returned by this class are not fail-fast: If * the deque is modified at any time after the iterator is created, the iterator * will be in an unknown state. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, * the iterator risks arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined * time in the future. * * @param the type of elements held in this collection * @see * http://code.google.com/p/concurrentlinkedhashmap/ */ @NotThreadSafe final class LinkedDeque> extends AbstractCollection implements Deque { // This class provides a doubly-linked list that is optimized for the virtual // machine. The first and last elements are manipulated instead of a slightly // more convenient sentinel element to avoid the insertion of null checks with // NullPointerException throws in the byte code. The links to a removed // element are cleared to help a generational garbage collector if the // discarded elements inhabit more than one generation. /** * Pointer to first node. * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) || * (first.prev == null) */ E first; /** * Pointer to last node. * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) || * (last.next == null) */ E last; /** * Links the element to the front of the deque so that it becomes the first * element. * * @param e the unlinked element */ void linkFirst(final E e) { final E f = first; first = e; if (f == null) { last = e; } else { f.setPrevious(e); e.setNext(f); } } /** * Links the element to the back of the deque so that it becomes the last * element. * * @param e the unlinked element */ void linkLast(final E e) { final E l = last; last = e; if (l == null) { first = e; } else { l.setNext(e); e.setPrevious(l); } } /** Unlinks the non-null first element. */ E unlinkFirst() { final E f = first; final E next = f.getNext(); f.setNext(null); first = next; if (next == null) { last = null; } else { next.setPrevious(null); } return f; } /** Unlinks the non-null last element. */ E unlinkLast() { final E l = last; final E prev = l.getPrevious(); l.setPrevious(null); last = prev; if (prev == null) { first = null; } else { prev.setNext(null); } return l; } /** Unlinks the non-null element. */ void unlink(E e) { final E prev = e.getPrevious(); final E next = e.getNext(); if (prev == null) { first = next; } else { prev.setNext(next); e.setPrevious(null); } if (next == null) { last = prev; } else { next.setPrevious(prev); e.setNext(null); } } @Override public boolean isEmpty() { return (first == null); } void checkNotEmpty() { if (isEmpty()) { throw new NoSuchElementException(); } } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

* Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is NOT a * constant-time operation. */ @Override public int size() { int size = 0; for (E e = first; e != null; e = e.getNext()) { size++; } return size; } @Override public void clear() { for (E e = first; e != null;) { E next = e.getNext(); e.setPrevious(null); e.setNext(null); e = next; } first = last = null; } @Override public boolean contains(Object o) { return (o instanceof Linked) && contains((Linked) o); } // A fast-path containment check boolean contains(Linked e) { return (e.getPrevious() != null) || (e.getNext() != null) || (e == first); } /** * Moves the element to the front of the deque so that it becomes the first * element. * * @param e the linked element */ public void moveToFront(E e) { if (e != first) { unlink(e); linkFirst(e); } } /** * Moves the element to the back of the deque so that it becomes the last * element. * * @param e the linked element */ public void moveToBack(E e) { if (e != last) { unlink(e); linkLast(e); } } @Override public E peek() { return peekFirst(); } @Override public E peekFirst() { return first; } @Override public E peekLast() { return last; } @Override public E getFirst() { checkNotEmpty(); return peekFirst(); } @Override public E getLast() { checkNotEmpty(); return peekLast(); } @Override public E element() { return getFirst(); } @Override public boolean offer(E e) { return offerLast(e); } @Override public boolean offerFirst(E e) { if (contains(e)) { return false; } linkFirst(e); return true; } @Override public boolean offerLast(E e) { if (contains(e)) { return false; } linkLast(e); return true; } @Override public boolean add(E e) { return offerLast(e); } @Override public void addFirst(E e) { if (!offerFirst(e)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } } @Override public void addLast(E e) { if (!offerLast(e)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } } @Override public E poll() { return pollFirst(); } @Override public E pollFirst() { return isEmpty() ? null : unlinkFirst(); } @Override public E pollLast() { return isEmpty() ? null : unlinkLast(); } @Override public E remove() { return removeFirst(); } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public boolean remove(Object o) { return (o instanceof Linked) && remove((E) o); } // A fast-path removal boolean remove(E e) { if (contains(e)) { unlink(e); return true; } return false; } @Override public E removeFirst() { checkNotEmpty(); return pollFirst(); } @Override public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) { return remove(o); } @Override public E removeLast() { checkNotEmpty(); return pollLast(); } @Override public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) { return remove(o); } @Override public boolean removeAll(Collection c) { boolean modified = false; for (Object o : c) { modified |= remove(o); } return modified; } @Override public void push(E e) { addFirst(e); } @Override public E pop() { return removeFirst(); } @Override public Iterator iterator() { return new AbstractLinkedIterator(first) { @Override E computeNext() { return cursor.getNext(); } }; } @Override public Iterator descendingIterator() { return new AbstractLinkedIterator(last) { @Override E computeNext() { return cursor.getPrevious(); } }; } abstract class AbstractLinkedIterator implements Iterator { E cursor; /** * Creates an iterator that can can traverse the deque. * * @param start the initial element to begin traversal from */ AbstractLinkedIterator(E start) { cursor = start; } @Override public boolean hasNext() { return (cursor != null); } @Override public E next() { if (!hasNext()) { throw new NoSuchElementException(); } E e = cursor; cursor = computeNext(); return e; } @Override public void remove() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Retrieves the next element to traverse to or null if there are * no more elements. */ abstract E computeNext(); } } /** * An element that is linked on the {@link Deque}. */ interface Linked> { /** * Retrieves the previous element or null if either the element is * unlinked or the first element on the deque. */ T getPrevious(); /** Sets the previous element or null if there is no link. */ void setPrevious(T prev); /** * Retrieves the next element or null if either the element is * unlinked or the last element on the deque. */ T getNext(); /** Sets the next element or null if there is no link. */ void setNext(T next); }





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