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  Using a wildcard as a return type implicitly means that the return parameter should be considered as read-only but without any way to enforce this contract.


  Let's take the example of method returning a "List<? extends Animal>". Is it possible on this list to add a Dog, a Cat, ... we simply don't know. The consumer of a method should not have to deal with such disruptive questions.



Noncompliant Code Example
List<? extends Animal> getAnimals(){...}


Compliant solution
//First Solution: the list can contain any kind of animals
List<Animal> getAnimals(){...}

//Second Solution: the list can contain only one type of animal
List<E> getAnimals(){...} //Where E extends Animal in the signature of the nesting class