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The requirement for a final default clause is defensive programming. The clause should either take appropriate action, or contain a suitable comment as to why no action is taken.

Noncompliant Code Example
switch (param) {  //missing default clause
  case 0:
    doSomething();
    break;
  case 1:
    doSomethingElse();
    break;
}

switch (param) {
  default: // default clause should be the last one
    error();
    break;
  case 0:
    doSomething();
    break;
  case 1:
    doSomethingElse();
    break;
}


Compliant Solution
switch (param) {
  case 0:
    doSomething();
    break;
  case 1:
    doSomethingElse();
    break;
  default:
    error();
    break;
}


See


 MISRA C:2004, 15.0 - The MISRA C switch syntax shall be used.
 MISRA C:2004, 15.3 - The final clause of a switch statement shall be the default clause
 MISRA C++:2008, 6-4-3 - A switch statement shall be a well-formed switch statement.
 MISRA C++:2008, 6-4-6 - The final clause of a switch statement shall be the default-clause
 MISRA C:2012, 16.1 - All switch statements shall be well-formed
 MISRA C:2012, 16.4 - Every switch statement shall have a default label
 MISRA C:2012, 16.5 - A default label shall appear as either the first or the last switch label of a switch statement
 MITRE, CWE-478 - Missing Default Case in Switch Statement
 CERT, MSC01-C - Strive for logical completeness
 CERT, MSC01-CPP - Strive for logical completeness