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dbUnit is a JUnit extension (also usable from Ant and Maven) targeted for database-driven projects that, among other things, puts your database into a known state between test runs. This is an excellent way to avoid the myriad of problems that can occur when one test case corrupts the database and causes subsequent tests to fail or exacerbate the damage.
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/*
 *
 * The DbUnit Database Testing Framework
 * Copyright (C)2002-2004, DbUnit.org
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 */

package org.dbunit;

import org.dbunit.assertion.SimpleAssert;
import org.dbunit.assertion.DefaultFailureHandler;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Basic implementation of IDatabaseTester.

 * Implementations of IDatabaseTester may use this class as a starting point.
 *
 * @author Andres Almiray ([email protected])
 * @author Last changed by: $Author: gommma $
 * @version $Revision: 978 $ $Date: 2009-02-27 21:20:23 +0100 (ven, 27 feb 2009) $
 * @since 2.2.0
 */
public abstract class AbstractDatabaseTester extends SimpleAssert implements IDatabaseTester
{

	/**
	 * Logger for this class
	 */
	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractDatabaseTester.class);

	/**
	 * Enumeration of the valid {@link OperationType}s
	 */
	private static final class OperationType {
	    public static final OperationType SET_UP = new OperationType("setUp"); 
	    public static final OperationType TEAR_DOWN = new OperationType("tearDown");
	    
	    private String key;
	    private OperationType(String key){
	        this.key=key;
	    }
	    public String toString(){
	        return "OperationType: " + key;
	    }
	}
	
	private IDataSet dataSet;
	private String schema;
	private DatabaseOperation setUpOperation = DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT;
	private DatabaseOperation tearDownOperation = DatabaseOperation.NONE;
	private IOperationListener operationListener;

	public AbstractDatabaseTester()
	{
		this(null);
	}

	/**
	 * @param schema The schema to be tested. Can be null
	 * @since 2.4.3
	 */
	public AbstractDatabaseTester(String schema)
	{
	    super(new DefaultFailureHandler());
	    this.schema = schema;
	}

	public void closeConnection( IDatabaseConnection connection ) throws Exception
	{
		logger.debug("closeConnection(connection={}) - start",connection);

		connection.close();
	}

	public IDataSet getDataSet()
	{
		logger.debug("getDataSet() - start");

		return dataSet;
	}

	public void onSetup() throws Exception
	{
		logger.debug("onSetup() - start");
		executeOperation( getSetUpOperation(), OperationType.SET_UP );
	}

	public void onTearDown() throws Exception
	{
		logger.debug("onTearDown() - start");
		executeOperation( getTearDownOperation(), OperationType.TEAR_DOWN );
	}

	public void setDataSet( IDataSet dataSet )
	{
		logger.debug("setDataSet(dataSet={}) - start", dataSet);

		this.dataSet = dataSet;
	}

	public void setSchema( String schema )
	{
		logger.debug("setSchema(schema={}) - start", schema);

		logger.warn("setSchema() should not be used anymore");
		this.schema = schema;
	}

	public void setSetUpOperation( DatabaseOperation setUpOperation )
	{
		logger.debug("setSetUpOperation(setUpOperation={}) - start", setUpOperation);

		this.setUpOperation = setUpOperation;
	}

	public void setTearDownOperation( DatabaseOperation tearDownOperation )
	{
		logger.debug("setTearDownOperation(tearDownOperation={}) - start", tearDownOperation);

		this.tearDownOperation = tearDownOperation;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the schema value.
	 */
	protected String getSchema()
	{
		logger.trace("getSchema() - start");

		return schema;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the DatabaseOperation to call when starting the test.
	 */
	protected DatabaseOperation getSetUpOperation()
	{
		logger.trace("getSetUpOperation() - start");

		return setUpOperation;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the DatabaseOperation to call when ending the test.
	 */
	protected DatabaseOperation getTearDownOperation()
	{
		logger.trace("getTearDownOperation() - start");

		return tearDownOperation;
	}

	/**
	 * Executes a DatabaseOperation with a IDatabaseConnection supplied by
	 * {@link getConnection()} and the test dataset.
	 */
	private void executeOperation( DatabaseOperation operation, OperationType type ) throws Exception
	{
		logger.debug("executeOperation(operation={}) - start", operation);

		if( operation != DatabaseOperation.NONE ){
		    // Ensure that the operationListener is set
		    if(operationListener == null){
		        logger.debug("OperationListener is null and will be defaulted.");
		        operationListener = new DefaultOperationListener();
		    }
		    
			IDatabaseConnection connection = getConnection();
		    operationListener.connectionRetrieved(connection);

			try{
				operation.execute( connection, getDataSet() );
			}
			finally{
			    // Since 2.4.4 the OperationListener is responsible for closing the connection at the right time
			    if(type == OperationType.SET_UP){
			        operationListener.operationSetUpFinished(connection);
			    }
			    else if(type == OperationType.TEAR_DOWN){
			        operationListener.operationTearDownFinished(connection);
			    }
			    else{
			        throw new DatabaseUnitRuntimeException("Cannot happen - unknown OperationType specified: " + type);
			    }
			}
		}
	}

    public void setOperationListener(IOperationListener operationListener) 
    {
        logger.debug("setOperationListener(operationListener={}) - start", operationListener);
        this.operationListener = operationListener;
    }

    public String toString()
    {
    	StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    	sb.append(getClass().getName()).append("[");
    	sb.append("schema=").append(schema);
    	sb.append(", dataSet=").append(dataSet);
    	sb.append(", setUpOperation=").append(setUpOperation);
    	sb.append(", tearDownOperation=").append(tearDownOperation);
    	sb.append(", operationListener=").append(operationListener);
    	sb.append("]");
    	return sb.toString();
    }

}