org.eclipse.jetty.io.WriteFlusher Maven / Gradle / Ivy
//
// ========================================================================
// Copyright (c) 1995 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
//
// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
// ========================================================================
//
package org.eclipse.jetty.io;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.WritePendingException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.BufferUtil;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.Invocable;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.Invocable.InvocationType;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* A Utility class to help implement {@link EndPoint#write(Callback, ByteBuffer...)} by calling
* {@link EndPoint#flush(ByteBuffer...)} until all content is written.
* The abstract method {@link #onIncompleteFlush()} is called when not all content has been written after a call to
* flush and should organize for the {@link #completeWrite()} method to be called when a subsequent call to flush
* should be able to make more progress.
*/
public abstract class WriteFlusher
{
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WriteFlusher.class);
private static final boolean DEBUG = LOG.isDebugEnabled(); // Easy for the compiler to remove the code if DEBUG==false
private static final ByteBuffer[] EMPTY_BUFFERS = new ByteBuffer[]{BufferUtil.EMPTY_BUFFER};
private static final EnumMap> __stateTransitions = new EnumMap<>(StateType.class);
private static final State __IDLE = new IdleState();
private static final State __WRITING = new WritingState();
private static final State __COMPLETING = new CompletingState();
private final EndPoint _endPoint;
private final AtomicReference _state = new AtomicReference<>();
static
{
// fill the state machine
__stateTransitions.put(StateType.IDLE, EnumSet.of(StateType.WRITING));
__stateTransitions.put(StateType.WRITING, EnumSet.of(StateType.IDLE, StateType.PENDING, StateType.FAILED));
__stateTransitions.put(StateType.PENDING, EnumSet.of(StateType.COMPLETING, StateType.IDLE, StateType.FAILED));
__stateTransitions.put(StateType.COMPLETING, EnumSet.of(StateType.IDLE, StateType.PENDING, StateType.FAILED));
__stateTransitions.put(StateType.FAILED, EnumSet.noneOf(StateType.class));
}
// A write operation may either complete immediately:
// IDLE-->WRITING-->IDLE
// Or it may not completely flush and go via the PENDING state
// IDLE-->WRITING-->PENDING-->COMPLETING-->IDLE
// Or it may take several cycles to complete
// IDLE-->WRITING-->PENDING-->COMPLETING-->PENDING-->COMPLETING-->IDLE
//
// If a failure happens while in IDLE, it is a noop since there is no operation to tell of the failure.
// IDLE--(fail)-->IDLE
//
// From any other state than IDLE a failure will result in an FAILED state which is a terminal state, and
// the callback is failed with the Throwable which caused the failure.
// IDLE-->WRITING--(fail)-->FAILED
protected WriteFlusher(EndPoint endPoint)
{
_state.set(__IDLE);
_endPoint = endPoint;
}
private enum StateType
{
IDLE,
WRITING,
PENDING,
COMPLETING,
FAILED
}
/**
* Tries to update the current state to the given new state.
*
* @param previous the expected current state
* @param next the desired new state
* @return the previous state or null if the state transition failed
* @throws IllegalStateException if previous to next is not a legal state transition (api usage error)
*/
private boolean updateState(State previous, State next)
{
if (!isTransitionAllowed(previous, next))
throw new IllegalStateException();
boolean updated = _state.compareAndSet(previous, next);
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("update {}:{}{}{}", this, previous, updated ? "-->" : "!->", next);
return updated;
}
private boolean isTransitionAllowed(State currentState, State newState)
{
Set allowedNewStateTypes = __stateTransitions.get(currentState.getType());
if (!allowedNewStateTypes.contains(newState.getType()))
{
LOG.warn("{}: {} -> {} not allowed", this, currentState, newState);
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* State represents a State of WriteFlusher.
*/
private static class State
{
private final StateType _type;
private State(StateType stateType)
{
_type = stateType;
}
public StateType getType()
{
return _type;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return String.format("%s", _type);
}
}
/**
* In IdleState WriteFlusher is idle and accepts new writes
*/
private static class IdleState extends State
{
private IdleState()
{
super(StateType.IDLE);
}
}
/**
* In WritingState WriteFlusher is currently writing.
*/
private static class WritingState extends State
{
private WritingState()
{
super(StateType.WRITING);
}
}
/**
* In FailedState no more operations are allowed. The current implementation will never recover from this state.
*/
private static class FailedState extends State
{
private final Throwable _cause;
private FailedState(Throwable cause)
{
super(StateType.FAILED);
_cause = cause;
}
public Throwable getCause()
{
return _cause;
}
}
/**
* In CompletingState WriteFlusher is flushing buffers that have not been fully written in write(). If write()
* didn't flush all buffers in one go, it'll switch the State to PendingState. completeWrite() will then switch to
* this state and try to flush the remaining buffers.
*/
private static class CompletingState extends State
{
private CompletingState()
{
super(StateType.COMPLETING);
}
}
/**
* In PendingState not all buffers could be written in one go. Then write() will switch to PendingState() and
* preserve the state by creating a new PendingState object with the given parameters.
*/
private class PendingState extends State
{
private final Callback _callback;
private final SocketAddress _address;
private final ByteBuffer[] _buffers;
private PendingState(Callback callback, SocketAddress address, ByteBuffer[] buffers)
{
super(StateType.PENDING);
_callback = callback;
_address = address;
_buffers = buffers;
}
InvocationType getCallbackInvocationType()
{
return Invocable.getInvocationType(_callback);
}
}
public InvocationType getCallbackInvocationType()
{
State s = _state.get();
return (s instanceof PendingState)
? ((PendingState)s).getCallbackInvocationType()
: Invocable.InvocationType.BLOCKING;
}
/**
* Abstract call to be implemented by specific WriteFlushers. It should schedule a call to {@link #completeWrite()}
* or {@link #onFail(Throwable)} when appropriate.
*/
protected abstract void onIncompleteFlush();
/**
* Tries to switch state to WRITING. If successful it writes the given buffers to the EndPoint. If state transition
* fails it will fail the callback and leave the WriteFlusher in a terminal FAILED state.
*
* If not all buffers can be written in one go it creates a new {@code PendingState} object to preserve the state
* and then calls {@link #onIncompleteFlush()}. The remaining buffers will be written in {@link #completeWrite()}.
*
* If all buffers have been written it calls callback.complete().
*
* @param callback the callback to call on either failed or complete
* @param buffers the buffers to flush to the endpoint
* @throws WritePendingException if unable to write due to prior pending write
*/
public void write(Callback callback, ByteBuffer... buffers) throws WritePendingException
{
write(callback, null, buffers);
}
public void write(Callback callback, SocketAddress address, ByteBuffer... buffers) throws WritePendingException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
if (isFailed())
{
fail(callback);
return;
}
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("write: {} {}", this, BufferUtil.toDetailString(buffers));
if (!updateState(__IDLE, __WRITING))
throw new WritePendingException();
try
{
buffers = flush(address, buffers);
if (buffers != null)
{
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("flush incomplete {}", this);
PendingState pending = new PendingState(callback, address, buffers);
if (updateState(__WRITING, pending))
onIncompleteFlush();
else
fail(callback);
return;
}
if (updateState(__WRITING, __IDLE))
callback.succeeded();
else
fail(callback);
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("write exception", e);
if (updateState(__WRITING, new FailedState(e)))
callback.failed(e);
else
fail(callback, e);
}
}
private void fail(Callback callback, Throwable... suppressed)
{
Throwable cause;
loop:
while (true)
{
State state = _state.get();
switch (state.getType())
{
case FAILED:
{
FailedState failed = (FailedState)state;
cause = failed.getCause();
break loop;
}
case IDLE:
for (Throwable t : suppressed)
{
LOG.warn("Failed Write Cause", t);
}
return;
default:
Throwable t = new IllegalStateException();
if (!_state.compareAndSet(state, new FailedState(t)))
continue;
cause = t;
break loop;
}
}
for (Throwable t : suppressed)
{
if (t != cause)
cause.addSuppressed(t);
}
callback.failed(cause);
}
/**
* Complete a write that has not completed and that called {@link #onIncompleteFlush()} to request a call to this
* method when a call to {@link EndPoint#flush(ByteBuffer...)} is likely to be able to progress.
*
* It tries to switch from PENDING to COMPLETING. If state transition fails, then it does nothing as the callback
* should have been already failed. That's because the only way to switch from PENDING outside this method is
* {@link #onFail(Throwable)} or {@link #onClose()}
*/
public void completeWrite()
{
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("completeWrite: {}", this);
State previous = _state.get();
if (previous.getType() != StateType.PENDING)
return; // failure already handled.
PendingState pending = (PendingState)previous;
if (!updateState(pending, __COMPLETING))
return; // failure already handled.
Callback callback = pending._callback;
try
{
ByteBuffer[] buffers = pending._buffers;
SocketAddress address = pending._address;
buffers = flush(address, buffers);
if (buffers != null)
{
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("flushed incomplete {}", BufferUtil.toDetailString(buffers));
if (buffers != pending._buffers)
pending = new PendingState(callback, address, buffers);
if (updateState(__COMPLETING, pending))
onIncompleteFlush();
else
fail(callback);
return;
}
if (updateState(__COMPLETING, __IDLE))
callback.succeeded();
else
fail(callback);
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("completeWrite exception", e);
if (updateState(__COMPLETING, new FailedState(e)))
callback.failed(e);
else
fail(callback, e);
}
}
/**
* Flushes the buffers iteratively until no progress is made.
*
* @param address the datagram channel to send the buffers to (used by QUIC and HTTP/3)
* @param buffers The buffers to flush
* @return The unflushed buffers, or null if all flushed
* @throws IOException if unable to flush
*/
protected ByteBuffer[] flush(SocketAddress address, ByteBuffer[] buffers) throws IOException
{
boolean progress = true;
while (progress && buffers != null)
{
long before = BufferUtil.remaining(buffers);
boolean flushed = address == null ? _endPoint.flush(buffers) : ((DatagramChannelEndPoint)_endPoint).send(address, buffers);
long after = BufferUtil.remaining(buffers);
long written = before - after;
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug("Flushed={} written={} remaining={} {}", flushed, written, after, this);
if (written > 0)
{
Connection connection = _endPoint.getConnection();
if (connection instanceof Listener listener)
listener.onFlushed(written);
}
if (flushed)
return null;
progress = written > 0;
int index = 0;
while (true)
{
if (index == buffers.length)
{
// All buffers consumed.
buffers = null;
index = 0;
break;
}
else
{
int remaining = buffers[index].remaining();
if (remaining > 0)
break;
++index;
progress = true;
}
}
if (index > 0)
buffers = Arrays.copyOfRange(buffers, index, buffers.length);
}
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug("!fully flushed {}", this);
// If buffers is null, then flush has returned false but has consumed all the data!
// This is probably SSL being unable to flush the encrypted buffer, so return EMPTY_BUFFERS
// and that will keep this WriteFlusher pending.
return buffers == null ? EMPTY_BUFFERS : buffers;
}
/**
* Notify the flusher of a failure
*
* @param cause The cause of the failure
* @return true if the flusher passed the failure to a {@link Callback} instance
*/
public boolean onFail(Throwable cause)
{
// Keep trying to handle the failure until we get to IDLE or FAILED state
while (true)
{
State current = _state.get();
switch (current.getType())
{
case IDLE:
case FAILED:
if (DEBUG)
{
LOG.debug("ignored: {} {}", cause, this);
LOG.trace("IGNORED", cause);
}
return false;
case PENDING:
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("failed: {}", this, cause);
PendingState pending = (PendingState)current;
if (updateState(pending, new FailedState(cause)))
{
pending._callback.failed(cause);
return true;
}
break;
case WRITING:
case COMPLETING:
if (DEBUG)
LOG.debug("failed: {}", this, cause);
if (updateState(current, new FailedState(cause)))
return true;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
}
}
public void onClose()
{
switch (_state.get().getType())
{
case IDLE:
case FAILED:
return;
default:
onFail(new ClosedChannelException());
}
}
boolean isFailed()
{
return isState(StateType.FAILED);
}
boolean isIdle()
{
return isState(StateType.IDLE);
}
public boolean isPending()
{
return isState(StateType.PENDING);
}
private boolean isState(StateType type)
{
return _state.get().getType() == type;
}
public String toStateString()
{
switch (_state.get().getType())
{
case WRITING:
return "W";
case PENDING:
return "P";
case COMPLETING:
return "C";
case IDLE:
return "-";
case FAILED:
return "F";
default:
return "?";
}
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
State s = _state.get();
return String.format("WriteFlusher@%x{%s}->%s", hashCode(), s, s instanceof PendingState ? ((PendingState)s)._callback : null);
}
/**
* A listener of {@link WriteFlusher} events.
* If implemented by a Connection class, the {@link #onFlushed(long)} event will be delivered to it.
*
* @deprecated functionality removed, no replacement
*/
@Deprecated(since = "12.0.10", forRemoval = true)
public interface Listener
{
/**
* Invoked when a {@link WriteFlusher} flushed bytes in a non-blocking way,
* as part of a - possibly larger - write.
* This method may be invoked multiple times, for example when writing a large
* buffer: a first flush of bytes, then the connection became TCP congested, and
* a subsequent flush of bytes when the connection became writable again.
* This method is never invoked concurrently, but may be invoked by different
* threads, so implementations may not rely on thread-local variables.
* Implementations may throw an {@link IOException} to signal that the write
* should fail, for example if the implementation enforces a minimum data rate.
*
* @param bytes the number of bytes flushed
* @throws IOException if the write should fail
*/
void onFlushed(long bytes) throws IOException;
}
}
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