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//
// ========================================================================
// Copyright (c) 1995 Mort Bay Consulting Pty Ltd and others.
//
// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
// https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0, or the Apache License, Version 2.0
// which is available at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR Apache-2.0
// ========================================================================
//
package org.eclipse.jetty.server;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.ComplianceViolationException;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.CookieCompliance;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpCookie;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpException;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpField;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpFields;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpMethod;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpURI;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpVersion;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.MimeTypes;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.Trailers;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.UriCompliance;
import org.eclipse.jetty.io.ByteBufferPool;
import org.eclipse.jetty.io.Content;
import org.eclipse.jetty.io.QuietException;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ErrorHandler;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.internal.HttpChannelState;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.BufferUtil;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.Callback;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.StringUtil;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.URIUtil;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* The representation of an HTTP response, for any protocol version (HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3).
*/
public interface Response extends Content.Sink
{
/**
* @return the {@link Request} associated with this {@code Response}
*/
Request getRequest();
/**
* @return the response HTTP status code
*/
int getStatus();
/**
* Set the response HTTP status code.
* @param code the response HTTP status code
*/
void setStatus(int code);
/**
* @return the response HTTP headers
*/
HttpFields.Mutable getHeaders();
/**
* @return a supplier for the HTTP trailers
*/
Supplier getTrailersSupplier();
/**
* Sets the supplier for the HTTP trailers.
* The method {@link Supplier#get()} may be called by the
* implementation multiple times, so it is important that
* the same value is returned in every invocation.
* Example:
* {@code
* // Correct usage.
* HttpFields.Mutable trailers = HttpFields.build();
* response.setTrailersSupplier(() -> trailers);
*
* // WRONG usage, as the value changes for
* // every invocation of supplier.get().
* response.setTrailersSupplier(() -> HttpFields.build());
* }
*
* @param trailers a supplier for the HTTP trailers
*/
void setTrailersSupplier(Supplier trailers);
/**
* Returns whether this response has already been committed.
* Committing a response means that the HTTP status code and HTTP headers
* cannot be modified anymore, typically because they have already been
* serialized and sent over the network.
*
* @return whether this response has already been committed
*/
boolean isCommitted();
/**
* Returns whether the last write has been initiated on the response.
*
* @return {@code true} if {@code last==true} has been passed to {@link #write(boolean, ByteBuffer, Callback)}.
*/
boolean hasLastWrite();
/**
* Returns whether the response completed successfully.
* The response HTTP status code, HTTP headers and content
* have been successfully serialized and sent over the network
* without errors.
*
* @return whether the response completed successfully
*/
boolean isCompletedSuccessfully();
/**
* Resets this response, clearing the HTTP status code, HTTP headers
* and HTTP trailers.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException if the response is already
* {@link #isCommitted() committed}
*/
void reset();
/**
* Writes an {@link HttpStatus#isInterim(int) HTTP interim response},
* with the given HTTP status code and HTTP headers.
* It is possible to write more than one interim response, for example
* in case of {@link HttpStatus#EARLY_HINTS_103}.
* The returned {@link CompletableFuture} is notified of the result
* of this write, whether it succeeded or failed.
*
* @param status the interim HTTP status code
* @param headers the HTTP headers
* @return a {@link CompletableFuture} with the result of the write
*/
CompletableFuture writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers);
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* The invocation of the passed {@code Callback} is serialized
* with previous calls of this method, so that it is not invoked until
* any invocation of the callback of a previous call to this method
* has returned.
* Thus a {@code Callback} should not block waiting for a callback
* of a future call to this method.
*
* @param last whether the ByteBuffer is the last to write
* @param byteBuffer the ByteBuffer to write
* @param callback the callback to notify when the write operation is complete
*/
@Override
void write(boolean last, ByteBuffer byteBuffer, Callback callback);
/**
* Returns a chunk processor suitable to be passed to the
* {@link Content#copy(Content.Source, Content.Sink, Content.Chunk.Processor, Callback)}
* method, that will handle {@link Trailers} chunks
* by adding their fields to the {@link HttpFields} supplied by
* {@link Response#getTrailersSupplier()}.
* This is specifically useful for writing trailers that have been received via
* the {@link Content.Source#read()} API, for example when echoing a request to a response:
*
* Content.copy(request, response, Response.asTrailerChunkHandler(response), callback);
*
* @param response The response for which to process a trailers chunk.
* If the {@link Response#setTrailersSupplier(Supplier)}
* method has not been called prior to this method, then a noop processor is returned.
* @return A chunk processor that will add trailer chunks to the response's trailer supplied fields.
* @see Content#copy(Content.Source, Content.Sink, Content.Chunk.Processor, Callback)
* @see Trailers
*/
static Content.Chunk.Processor newTrailersChunkProcessor(Response response)
{
Supplier supplier = response.getTrailersSupplier();
if (supplier == null)
return (chunk, callback) -> false;
return (chunk, callback) ->
{
if (chunk instanceof Trailers trailers)
{
HttpFields requestTrailers = trailers.getTrailers();
if (requestTrailers != null)
{
// Call supplier in lambda to get latest responseTrailers
HttpFields responseTrailers = supplier.get();
if (responseTrailers instanceof HttpFields.Mutable mutable)
{
mutable.add(requestTrailers);
callback.succeeded();
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
};
}
/**
* Unwraps the given response, recursively, until the wrapped instance
* is an instance of the given type, otherwise returns {@code null}.
*
* @param response the response to unwrap
* @param type the response type to find
* @return the response as the given type, or {@code null}
* @param the response type
* @see Wrapper
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
static T as(Response response, Class type)
{
while (response != null)
{
if (type.isInstance(response))
return (T)response;
response = response instanceof Response.Wrapper wrapper ? wrapper.getWrapped() : null;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Sends a HTTP redirect status code to the given location,
* without consuming the available request content. The {@link HttpStatus#SEE_OTHER_303}
* code is used, unless the request is HTTP/1.0, in which case {@link HttpStatus#MOVED_TEMPORARILY_302} is used,
* unless the request is not a {@code GET} and the protocol is {@code HTTP/1.1} or later, in which case a
* {@link HttpStatus#SEE_OTHER_303} is used to make the client consistently redirect with a {@code GET}.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param location the redirect location as an absolute URI or encoded relative URI path.
* @see #sendRedirect(Request, Response, Callback, int, String, boolean)
*/
static void sendRedirect(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, String location)
{
sendRedirect(request, response, callback, location, false);
}
/**
* Sends HTTP redirect status code to the given location,
* without consuming the available request content. The {@link HttpStatus#SEE_OTHER_303}
* code is used, unless the request is HTTP/1.0, in which case {@link HttpStatus#MOVED_TEMPORARILY_302} is used,
* unless the request is not a {@code GET} and the protocol is {@code HTTP/1.1} or later, in which case a
* {@link HttpStatus#SEE_OTHER_303} is used to make the client consistently redirect with a {@code GET}.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param location the redirect location as an absolute URI or encoded relative URI path.
* @param consumeAvailable whether to consumer the available request content
* @see #sendRedirect(Request, Response, Callback, int, String, boolean)
*/
static void sendRedirect(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, String location, boolean consumeAvailable)
{
sendRedirect(request, response, callback, 0, location, consumeAvailable);
}
/**
* Sends a {@code 302} HTTP redirect status code to the given location.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param code the redirect HTTP status code
* @param location the redirect location as an absolute URI or encoded relative URI path.
* @param consumeAvailable whether to consumer the available request content
* @see #toRedirectURI(Request, String)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the status code is not a redirect, or the location is {@code null}
* @throws IllegalStateException if the response is already {@link #isCommitted() committed}
*/
static void sendRedirect(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, int code, String location, boolean consumeAvailable)
{
sendRedirect(request, response, callback, code, location, consumeAvailable, null);
}
/**
* Sends a {@code 302} HTTP redirect status code to the given location.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param code the redirect HTTP status code, or 0 for a default
* @param location the redirect location as an absolute URI or encoded relative URI path.
* @param consumeAvailable whether to consumer the available request content
* @param content the content of the response, or null for a generated HTML message if {@link HttpConfiguration#isGenerateRedirectBody()} is {@code true}.
* @see #toRedirectURI(Request, String)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the status code is not a redirect, or the location is {@code null}
* @throws IllegalStateException if the response is already {@link #isCommitted() committed}
*/
static void sendRedirect(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, int code, String location, boolean consumeAvailable, ByteBuffer content)
{
if (response.isCommitted())
{
callback.failed(new IllegalStateException("Committed"));
return;
}
if (code <= 0)
code = HttpMethod.GET.is(request.getMethod()) || request.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpVersion().getVersion() < HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1.getVersion()
? HttpStatus.MOVED_TEMPORARILY_302
: HttpStatus.SEE_OTHER_303;
if (!HttpStatus.isRedirectionWithLocation(code))
{
callback.failed(new IllegalArgumentException("Not a 3xx redirect code"));
return;
}
if (location == null)
{
callback.failed(new IllegalArgumentException("No location"));
return;
}
try
{
location = toRedirectURI(request, location);
if (consumeAvailable)
{
while (true)
{
Content.Chunk chunk = response.getRequest().read();
if (chunk == null)
{
response.getHeaders().put(HttpHeader.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValue.CLOSE);
break;
}
chunk.release();
if (chunk.isLast())
break;
}
}
if (content == null && request.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpConfiguration().isGenerateRedirectBody())
{
response.getHeaders().put(MimeTypes.Type.TEXT_HTML_8859_1.getContentTypeField());
String body = """
Redirecting...
If you are not redirected, click here.
""".formatted(location, location);
content = BufferUtil.toBuffer(body, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
}
response.getHeaders().put(HttpHeader.LOCATION, location);
response.setStatus(code);
response.write(true, content, callback);
}
catch (Throwable failure)
{
callback.failed(failure);
}
}
/**
* Common point to generate a proper "Location" header for redirects.
*
* @param request the request the redirect should be based on (needed when relative locations are provided, so that
* server name, scheme, port can be built out properly)
* @param location the redirect location as an absolute URI or encoded relative URI path. If a relative path starts
* with '/', then it is relative to the root, otherwise it is relative to the request.
* @return the full redirect "Location" URL (including scheme, host, port, path, etc...)
*/
static String toRedirectURI(Request request, String location)
{
HttpConfiguration httpConfiguration = request.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpConfiguration();
// is the URI absolute already?
if (!URIUtil.hasScheme(location))
{
// The location is relative
HttpURI uri = request.getHttpURI();
// Is it relative to the request?
if (!location.startsWith("/"))
{
String path = uri.getPath();
String parent = (path.endsWith("/")) ? path : URIUtil.parentPath(path);
location = URIUtil.addEncodedPaths(parent, location);
}
// Normalize out any dot dot segments
location = URIUtil.normalizePathQuery(location);
if (location == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("redirect path cannot be above root");
// if relative redirects are not allowed?
if (!httpConfiguration.isRelativeRedirectAllowed())
// make the location an absolute URI
location = URIUtil.newURI(uri.getScheme(), Request.getServerName(request), Request.getServerPort(request), location, null);
}
UriCompliance redirectCompliance = httpConfiguration.getRedirectUriCompliance();
if (redirectCompliance != null)
{
String violations = UriCompliance.checkUriCompliance(redirectCompliance, HttpURI.from(location), null);
if (StringUtil.isNotBlank(violations))
throw new IllegalArgumentException(violations);
}
return location;
}
/**
* Adds an HTTP {@link HttpHeader#SET_COOKIE} header to the response.
*
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param cookie the HTTP cookie to add
* @see #putCookie(Response, HttpCookie)
*/
static void addCookie(Response response, HttpCookie cookie)
{
if (StringUtil.isBlank(cookie.getName()))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cookie.name cannot be blank/null");
Request request = response.getRequest();
CookieCompliance compliance = request.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpConfiguration().getResponseCookieCompliance();
try
{
response.getHeaders().add(new HttpCookieUtils.SetCookieHttpField(HttpCookieUtils.checkSameSite(cookie, request.getContext()), compliance));
}
catch (ComplianceViolationException e)
{
HttpChannel.from(request).getComplianceViolationListener().onComplianceViolation(e.getEvent());
throw e;
}
// Expire responses with set-cookie headers, so they do not get cached.
if (!response.getHeaders().contains(HttpHeader.EXPIRES))
response.getHeaders().add(HttpFields.EXPIRES_01JAN1970);
}
/**
* Put a HTTP {@link HttpHeader#SET_COOKIE} header to the response.
* If a matching {@link HttpHeader#SET_COOKIE} already exists for matching name, path, domain etc.
* then it will be replaced.
*
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param cookie the HTTP cookie to add
* @see #addCookie(Response, HttpCookie)
*/
static void putCookie(Response response, HttpCookie cookie)
{
if (StringUtil.isBlank(cookie.getName()))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cookie.name cannot be blank/null");
Request request = response.getRequest();
HttpConfiguration httpConfiguration = request.getConnectionMetaData().getHttpConfiguration();
CookieCompliance compliance = httpConfiguration.getResponseCookieCompliance();
HttpField setCookie;
try
{
setCookie = new HttpCookieUtils.SetCookieHttpField(HttpCookieUtils.checkSameSite(cookie, request.getContext()), compliance);
}
catch (ComplianceViolationException e)
{
HttpChannel.from(request).getComplianceViolationListener().onComplianceViolation(e.getEvent());
throw e;
}
boolean expires = false;
for (ListIterator i = response.getHeaders().listIterator(); i.hasNext(); )
{
HttpField field = i.next();
HttpHeader header = field.getHeader();
if (header == null)
continue;
switch (header)
{
case SET_COOKIE ->
{
if (field instanceof HttpCookieUtils.SetCookieHttpField setCookieHttpField)
{
if (!HttpCookieUtils.match(setCookieHttpField.getHttpCookie(), cookie.getName(), cookie.getDomain(), cookie.getPath()))
continue;
}
else
{
if (!HttpCookieUtils.match(field.getValue(), cookie.getName(), cookie.getDomain(), cookie.getPath()))
continue;
}
if (setCookie == null)
{
i.remove();
}
else
{
i.set(setCookie);
setCookie = null;
}
}
case EXPIRES -> expires = true;
}
}
if (setCookie != null)
response.getHeaders().add(setCookie);
// Expire responses with set-cookie headers, so they do not get cached.
if (!expires)
response.getHeaders().add(HttpFields.EXPIRES_01JAN1970);
}
/**
* Replace a cookie
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param cookie the HTTP cookie to add
* @deprecated use {@link #putCookie(Response, HttpCookie)}
*/
@Deprecated
static void replaceCookie(Response response, HttpCookie cookie)
{
putCookie(response, cookie);
}
/**
* Writes an error response with HTTP status code {@code 500}.
* The error {@link Request.Handler} returned by {@link Context#getErrorHandler()},
* if any, is invoked.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param cause the cause of the error
*/
static void writeError(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, Throwable cause)
{
if (cause == null)
cause = new Throwable("unknown cause");
int status = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR_500;
String message = cause.toString();
if (cause instanceof HttpException httpException)
{
status = httpException.getCode();
message = httpException.getReason();
}
writeError(request, response, callback, status, message, cause);
}
/**
* Writes an error response with the given HTTP status code.
* The error {@link Request.Handler} returned by {@link Context#getErrorHandler()},
* if any, is invoked.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param status the error HTTP status code
*/
static void writeError(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, int status)
{
writeError(request, response, callback, status, null, null);
}
/**
* Writes an error response with the given HTTP status code,
* and the given message in the response content.
* The error {@link Request.Handler} returned by {@link Context#getErrorHandler()},
* if any, is invoked.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param status the error HTTP status code
* @param message the error message to write in the response content
*/
static void writeError(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, int status, String message)
{
writeError(request, response, callback, status, message, null);
}
/**
* Writes an error response with the given HTTP status code,
* and the given message in the response content.
* The error {@link Request.Handler} returned by {@link Context#getErrorHandler()},
* if any, is invoked.
*
* @param request the HTTP request
* @param response the HTTP response
* @param callback the callback to complete
* @param status the error HTTP status code
* @param message the error message to write in the response content
* @param cause the cause of the error
*/
static void writeError(Request request, Response response, Callback callback, int status, String message, Throwable cause)
{
// Retrieve the Logger instance here, rather than having a
// public field that will force a transitive dependency on SLF4J.
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Response.class);
// Let's be less verbose with BadMessageExceptions & QuietExceptions
if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
logger.debug("writeError: status={}, message={}, response={}", status, message, response, cause);
else if (cause instanceof QuietException || cause instanceof TimeoutException)
logger.debug("writeError: status={}, message={}, response={} {}", status, message, response, cause.toString());
else if (cause != null)
logger.warn("writeError: status={}, message={}, response={}", status, message, response, cause);
if (response.isCommitted())
{
callback.failed(cause == null ? new IllegalStateException(message == null ? "Committed" : message) : cause);
return;
}
ResponseUtils.ensureConsumeAvailableOrNotPersistent(request, response);
if (status <= 0)
status = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR_500;
if (message == null)
message = HttpStatus.getMessage(status);
response.setStatus(status);
// TODO: detect recursion when an ErrorHandler calls this method, otherwise StackOverflowError.
Context context = request.getContext();
Request.Handler errorHandler = context.getErrorHandler();
if (errorHandler != null)
{
Request errorRequest = new ErrorHandler.ErrorRequest(request, status, message, cause);
try
{
if (errorHandler.handle(errorRequest, response, callback))
return;
}
catch (Throwable e)
{
if (cause != null && cause != e)
cause.addSuppressed(e);
}
}
// fall back to very empty error page
response.getHeaders().put(ErrorHandler.ERROR_CACHE_CONTROL);
response.write(true, null, callback);
}
/**
* Unwraps the given response until the innermost wrapped response instance.
*
* @param response the response to unwrap
* @return the innermost wrapped response instance
* @see Wrapper
*/
static Response getOriginalResponse(Response response)
{
while (response instanceof Response.Wrapper wrapped)
{
response = wrapped.getWrapped();
}
return response;
}
/**
* @param response the HTTP response
* @return the number of response content bytes written to the network so far,
* or {@code -1} if the number is unknown
*/
static long getContentBytesWritten(Response response)
{
Response originalResponse = getOriginalResponse(response);
if (originalResponse instanceof HttpChannelState.ChannelResponse channelResponse)
return channelResponse.getContentBytesWritten();
return -1;
}
/**
* Wraps a {@link Response} as a {@link OutputStream} that performs buffering. The necessary
* {@link ByteBufferPool} is taken from the request's connector while the size and direction of the buffer
* is read from the request's {@link HttpConfiguration}.
* This is equivalent to:
* {@code Content.Sink.asOutputStream(Response.asBufferedSink(request, response))}
* @param request the request from which to get the buffering sink's settings
* @param response the response to wrap
* @return a buffering {@link OutputStream}
*/
static OutputStream asBufferedOutputStream(Request request, Response response)
{
return Content.Sink.asOutputStream(Response.asBufferedSink(request, response));
}
/**
* Wraps a {@link Response} as a {@link Content.Sink} that performs buffering. The necessary
* {@link ByteBufferPool} is taken from the request's connector while the size, direction of the buffer
* and commit size are read from the request's {@link HttpConfiguration}.
* @param request the request from which to get the buffering sink's settings
* @param response the response to wrap
* @return a buffering {@link Content.Sink}
*/
static Content.Sink asBufferedSink(Request request, Response response)
{
ConnectionMetaData connectionMetaData = request.getConnectionMetaData();
ByteBufferPool bufferPool = connectionMetaData.getConnector().getByteBufferPool();
HttpConfiguration httpConfiguration = connectionMetaData.getHttpConfiguration();
int bufferSize = httpConfiguration.getOutputBufferSize();
boolean useOutputDirectByteBuffers = httpConfiguration.isUseOutputDirectByteBuffers();
int outputAggregationSize = httpConfiguration.getOutputAggregationSize();
return Content.Sink.asBuffered(response, bufferPool, useOutputDirectByteBuffers, outputAggregationSize, bufferSize);
}
class Wrapper implements Response
{
private final Request _request;
private final Response _wrapped;
public Wrapper(Request request, Response wrapped)
{
_request = request;
_wrapped = wrapped;
}
public Response getWrapped()
{
return _wrapped;
}
@Override
public Request getRequest()
{
return _request;
}
@Override
public int getStatus()
{
return getWrapped().getStatus();
}
@Override
public void setStatus(int code)
{
getWrapped().setStatus(code);
}
@Override
public HttpFields.Mutable getHeaders()
{
return getWrapped().getHeaders();
}
@Override
public Supplier getTrailersSupplier()
{
return getWrapped().getTrailersSupplier();
}
@Override
public void setTrailersSupplier(Supplier trailers)
{
getWrapped().setTrailersSupplier(trailers);
}
@Override
public boolean isCommitted()
{
return getWrapped().isCommitted();
}
@Override
public boolean hasLastWrite()
{
return getWrapped().hasLastWrite();
}
@Override
public boolean isCompletedSuccessfully()
{
return getWrapped().isCompletedSuccessfully();
}
@Override
public void reset()
{
getWrapped().reset();
}
@Override
public CompletableFuture writeInterim(int status, HttpFields headers)
{
return getWrapped().writeInterim(status, headers);
}
@Override
public void write(boolean last, ByteBuffer byteBuffer, Callback callback)
{
getWrapped().write(last, byteBuffer, callback);
}
}
}