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/*
 * Licensed to Elasticsearch under one or more contributor
 * license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright
 * ownership. Elasticsearch licenses this file to you under
 * the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 * not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.Flushable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.Function;

/**
 * A utility to build XContent (ie json).
 */
public final class XContentBuilder implements Closeable, Flushable {

    /**
     * Create a new {@link XContentBuilder} using the given {@link XContent} content.
     * 

* The builder uses an internal {@link ByteArrayOutputStream} output stream to build the content. *

* * @param xContent the {@link XContent} * @return a new {@link XContentBuilder} * @throws IOException if an {@link IOException} occurs while building the content */ public static XContentBuilder builder(XContent xContent) throws IOException { return new XContentBuilder(xContent, new ByteArrayOutputStream()); } /** * Create a new {@link XContentBuilder} using the given {@link XContent} content and some inclusive and/or exclusive filters. *

* The builder uses an internal {@link ByteArrayOutputStream} output stream to build the content. When both exclusive and * inclusive filters are provided, the underlying builder will first use exclusion filters to remove fields and then will check the * remaining fields against the inclusive filters. *

* * @param xContent the {@link XContent} * @param includes the inclusive filters: only fields and objects that match the inclusive filters will be written to the output. * @param excludes the exclusive filters: only fields and objects that don't match the exclusive filters will be written to the output. * @throws IOException if an {@link IOException} occurs while building the content */ public static XContentBuilder builder(XContent xContent, Set includes, Set excludes) throws IOException { return new XContentBuilder(xContent, new ByteArrayOutputStream(), includes, excludes); } private static final Map, Writer> WRITERS; private static final Map, HumanReadableTransformer> HUMAN_READABLE_TRANSFORMERS; private static final Map, Function> DATE_TRANSFORMERS; static { Map, Writer> writers = new HashMap<>(); writers.put(Boolean.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Boolean) v)); writers.put(Byte.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Byte) v)); writers.put(byte[].class, (b, v) -> b.value((byte[]) v)); writers.put(Date.class, XContentBuilder::timeValue); writers.put(Double.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Double) v)); writers.put(double[].class, (b, v) -> b.values((double[]) v)); writers.put(Float.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Float) v)); writers.put(float[].class, (b, v) -> b.values((float[]) v)); writers.put(Integer.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Integer) v)); writers.put(int[].class, (b, v) -> b.values((int[]) v)); writers.put(Long.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Long) v)); writers.put(long[].class, (b, v) -> b.values((long[]) v)); writers.put(Short.class, (b, v) -> b.value((Short) v)); writers.put(short[].class, (b, v) -> b.values((short[]) v)); writers.put(String.class, (b, v) -> b.value((String) v)); writers.put(String[].class, (b, v) -> b.values((String[]) v)); writers.put(Locale.class, (b, v) -> b.value(v.toString())); writers.put(Class.class, (b, v) -> b.value(v.toString())); writers.put(ZonedDateTime.class, (b, v) -> b.value(v.toString())); writers.put(Calendar.class, XContentBuilder::timeValue); writers.put(GregorianCalendar.class, XContentBuilder::timeValue); writers.put(BigInteger.class, (b, v) -> b.value((BigInteger) v)); writers.put(BigDecimal.class, (b, v) -> b.value((BigDecimal) v)); Map, HumanReadableTransformer> humanReadableTransformer = new HashMap<>(); Map, Function> dateTransformers = new HashMap<>(); // treat strings as already converted dateTransformers.put(String.class, Function.identity()); // Load pluggable extensions for (XContentBuilderExtension service : ServiceLoader.load(XContentBuilderExtension.class)) { Map, Writer> addlWriters = service.getXContentWriters(); Map, HumanReadableTransformer> addlTransformers = service.getXContentHumanReadableTransformers(); Map, Function> addlDateTransformers = service.getDateTransformers(); addlWriters.forEach((key, value) -> Objects.requireNonNull(value, "invalid null xcontent writer for class " + key)); addlTransformers.forEach((key, value) -> Objects.requireNonNull(value, "invalid null xcontent transformer for human readable class " + key)); dateTransformers.forEach((key, value) -> Objects.requireNonNull(value, "invalid null xcontent date transformer for class " + key)); writers.putAll(addlWriters); humanReadableTransformer.putAll(addlTransformers); dateTransformers.putAll(addlDateTransformers); } WRITERS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(writers); HUMAN_READABLE_TRANSFORMERS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(humanReadableTransformer); DATE_TRANSFORMERS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(dateTransformers); } @FunctionalInterface public interface Writer { void write(XContentBuilder builder, Object value) throws IOException; } /** * Interface for transforming complex objects into their "raw" equivalents for human-readable fields */ @FunctionalInterface public interface HumanReadableTransformer { Object rawValue(Object value) throws IOException; } /** * XContentGenerator used to build the XContent object */ private final XContentGenerator generator; /** * Output stream to which the built object is written */ private final OutputStream bos; /** * When this flag is set to true, some types of values are written in a format easier to read for a human. */ private boolean humanReadable = false; /** * Constructs a new builder using the provided XContent and an OutputStream. Make sure * to call {@link #close()} when the builder is done with. */ public XContentBuilder(XContent xContent, OutputStream bos) throws IOException { this(xContent, bos, Collections.emptySet(), Collections.emptySet()); } /** * Constructs a new builder using the provided XContent, an OutputStream and * some filters. If filters are specified, only those values matching a * filter will be written to the output stream. Make sure to call * {@link #close()} when the builder is done with. */ public XContentBuilder(XContent xContent, OutputStream bos, Set includes) throws IOException { this(xContent, bos, includes, Collections.emptySet()); } /** * Creates a new builder using the provided XContent, output stream and some inclusive and/or exclusive filters. When both exclusive and * inclusive filters are provided, the underlying builder will first use exclusion filters to remove fields and then will check the * remaining fields against the inclusive filters. *

* Make sure to call {@link #close()} when the builder is done with. * * @param os the output stream * @param includes the inclusive filters: only fields and objects that match the inclusive filters will be written to the output. * @param excludes the exclusive filters: only fields and objects that don't match the exclusive filters will be written to the output. */ public XContentBuilder(XContent xContent, OutputStream os, Set includes, Set excludes) throws IOException { this.bos = os; this.generator = xContent.createGenerator(bos, includes, excludes); } public XContentType contentType() { return generator.contentType(); } /** * @return the output stream to which the built object is being written. Note that is dangerous to modify the stream. */ public OutputStream getOutputStream() { return bos; } public XContentBuilder prettyPrint() { generator.usePrettyPrint(); return this; } public boolean isPrettyPrint() { return generator.isPrettyPrint(); } /** * Indicate that the current {@link XContentBuilder} must write a line feed ("\n") * at the end of the built object. *

* This only applies for JSON XContent type. It has no effect for other types. */ public XContentBuilder lfAtEnd() { generator.usePrintLineFeedAtEnd(); return this; } /** * Set the "human readable" flag. Once set, some types of values are written in a * format easier to read for a human. */ public XContentBuilder humanReadable(boolean humanReadable) { this.humanReadable = humanReadable; return this; } /** * @return the value of the "human readable" flag. When the value is equal to true, * some types of values are written in a format easier to read for a human. */ public boolean humanReadable() { return this.humanReadable; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Structure (object, array, field, null values...) ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder startObject() throws IOException { generator.writeStartObject(); return this; } public XContentBuilder startObject(String name) throws IOException { return field(name).startObject(); } public XContentBuilder endObject() throws IOException { generator.writeEndObject(); return this; } public XContentBuilder startArray() throws IOException { generator.writeStartArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder startArray(String name) throws IOException { return field(name).startArray(); } public XContentBuilder endArray() throws IOException { generator.writeEndArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder field(String name) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeFieldName(name); return this; } public XContentBuilder nullField(String name) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNullField(name); return this; } public XContentBuilder nullValue() throws IOException { generator.writeNull(); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Boolean ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Boolean value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.booleanValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, boolean value) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeBooleanField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, boolean[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(boolean[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (boolean b : values) { value(b); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(Boolean value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.booleanValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(boolean value) throws IOException { generator.writeBoolean(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Byte ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Byte value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.byteValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, byte value) throws IOException { return field(name).value(value); } public XContentBuilder value(Byte value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.byteValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(byte value) throws IOException { generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Double ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Double value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.doubleValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, double value) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNumberField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, double[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(double[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (double b : values) { value(b); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(Double value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.doubleValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(double value) throws IOException { generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Float ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Float value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.floatValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, float value) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNumberField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, float[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(float[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (float f : values) { value(f); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(Float value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.floatValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(float value) throws IOException { generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Integer ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Integer value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.intValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, int value) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNumberField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, int[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(int[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (int i : values) { value(i); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(Integer value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.intValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(int value) throws IOException { generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Long ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Long value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.longValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, long value) throws IOException { ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNumberField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, long[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(long[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (long l : values) { value(l); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(Long value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.longValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(long value) throws IOException { generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Short ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Short value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullField(name) : field(name, value.shortValue()); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, short value) throws IOException { return field(name).value(value); } public XContentBuilder array(String name, short[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(short[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (short s : values) { value(s); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(Short value) throws IOException { return (value == null) ? nullValue() : value(value.shortValue()); } public XContentBuilder value(short value) throws IOException { generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // BigInteger ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, BigInteger value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullField(name); } ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNumberField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, BigInteger[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(BigInteger[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (BigInteger b : values) { value(b); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(BigInteger value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // BigDecimal ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, BigDecimal value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullField(name); } ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeNumberField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, BigDecimal[] values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(BigDecimal[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (BigDecimal b : values) { value(b); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(BigDecimal value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } generator.writeNumber(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // String ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, String value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullField(name); } ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeStringField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder array(String name, String... values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values); } private XContentBuilder values(String[] values) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } startArray(); for (String s : values) { value(s); } endArray(); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(String value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } generator.writeString(value); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Binary ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, byte[] value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullField(name); } ensureNameNotNull(name); generator.writeBinaryField(name, value); return this; } public XContentBuilder value(byte[] value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } generator.writeBinary(value); return this; } public XContentBuilder field(String name, byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException { return field(name).value(value, offset, length); } public XContentBuilder value(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } generator.writeBinary(value, offset, length); return this; } /** * Writes the binary content of the given byte array as UTF-8 bytes. * * Use {@link XContentParser#charBuffer()} to read the value back */ public XContentBuilder utf8Value(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) throws IOException { generator.writeUTF8String(bytes, offset, length); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Date ////////////////////////////////// /** * Write a time-based field and value, if the passed timeValue is null a * null value is written, otherwise a date transformers lookup is performed. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is no transformers for the type of object */ public XContentBuilder timeField(String name, Object timeValue) throws IOException { return field(name).timeValue(timeValue); } /** * If the {@code humanReadable} flag is set, writes both a formatted and * unformatted version of the time value using the date transformer for the * {@link Long} class. */ public XContentBuilder timeField(String name, String readableName, long value) throws IOException { if (humanReadable) { Function longTransformer = DATE_TRANSFORMERS.get(Long.class); if (longTransformer == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot write time value xcontent for unknown value of type Long"); } field(readableName).value(longTransformer.apply(value)); } field(name, value); return this; } /** * Write a time-based value, if the value is null a null value is written, * otherwise a date transformers lookup is performed. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is no transformers for the type of object */ public XContentBuilder timeValue(Object timeValue) throws IOException { if (timeValue == null) { return nullValue(); } else { Function transformer = DATE_TRANSFORMERS.get(timeValue.getClass()); if (transformer == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot write time value xcontent for unknown value of type " + timeValue.getClass()); } return value(transformer.apply(timeValue)); } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // LatLon ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder latlon(String name, double lat, double lon) throws IOException { return field(name).latlon(lat, lon); } public XContentBuilder latlon(double lat, double lon) throws IOException { return startObject().field("lat", lat).field("lon", lon).endObject(); } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Path ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder value(Path value) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } return value(value.toString()); } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Objects // // These methods are used when the type of value is unknown. It tries to fallback // on typed methods and use Object.toString() as a last resort. Always prefer using // typed methods over this. ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Object value) throws IOException { return field(name).value(value); } public XContentBuilder array(String name, Object... values) throws IOException { return field(name).values(values, true); } private XContentBuilder values(Object[] values, boolean ensureNoSelfReferences) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } return value(Arrays.asList(values), ensureNoSelfReferences); } public XContentBuilder value(Object value) throws IOException { unknownValue(value, true); return this; } private void unknownValue(Object value, boolean ensureNoSelfReferences) throws IOException { if (value == null) { nullValue(); return; } Writer writer = WRITERS.get(value.getClass()); if (writer != null) { writer.write(this, value); } else if (value instanceof Path) { //Path implements Iterable and causes endless recursion and a StackOverFlow if treated as an Iterable here value((Path) value); } else if (value instanceof Map) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final Map valueMap = (Map) value; map(valueMap, ensureNoSelfReferences); } else if (value instanceof Iterable) { value((Iterable) value, ensureNoSelfReferences); } else if (value instanceof Object[]) { values((Object[]) value, ensureNoSelfReferences); } else if (value instanceof ToXContent) { value((ToXContent) value); } else if (value instanceof Enum) { // Write out the Enum toString value(Objects.toString(value)); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot write xcontent for unknown value of type " + value.getClass()); } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // ToXContent ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, ToXContent value) throws IOException { return field(name).value(value); } public XContentBuilder field(String name, ToXContent value, ToXContent.Params params) throws IOException { return field(name).value(value, params); } private XContentBuilder value(ToXContent value) throws IOException { return value(value, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS); } private XContentBuilder value(ToXContent value, ToXContent.Params params) throws IOException { if (value == null) { return nullValue(); } value.toXContent(this, params); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Maps & Iterable ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder field(String name, Map values) throws IOException { return field(name).map(values); } public XContentBuilder map(Map values) throws IOException { return map(values, true); } private XContentBuilder map(Map values, boolean ensureNoSelfReferences) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } // checks that the map does not contain references to itself because // iterating over map entries will cause a stackoverflow error if (ensureNoSelfReferences) { ensureNoSelfReferences(values); } startObject(); for (Map.Entry value : values.entrySet()) { field(value.getKey()); // pass ensureNoSelfReferences=false as we already performed the check at a higher level unknownValue(value.getValue(), false); } endObject(); return this; } public XContentBuilder field(String name, Iterable values) throws IOException { return field(name).value(values); } private XContentBuilder value(Iterable values, boolean ensureNoSelfReferences) throws IOException { if (values == null) { return nullValue(); } if (values instanceof Path) { //treat as single value value((Path) values); } else { // checks that the iterable does not contain references to itself because // iterating over entries will cause a stackoverflow error if (ensureNoSelfReferences) { ensureNoSelfReferences(values); } startArray(); for (Object value : values) { // pass ensureNoSelfReferences=false as we already performed the check at a higher level unknownValue(value, false); } endArray(); } return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Human readable fields // // These are fields that have a "raw" value and a "human readable" value, // such as time values or byte sizes. The human readable variant is only // used if the humanReadable flag has been set ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder humanReadableField(String rawFieldName, String readableFieldName, Object value) throws IOException { if (humanReadable) { field(readableFieldName, Objects.toString(value)); } HumanReadableTransformer transformer = HUMAN_READABLE_TRANSFORMERS.get(value.getClass()); if (transformer != null) { Object rawValue = transformer.rawValue(value); field(rawFieldName, rawValue); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("no raw transformer found for class " + value.getClass()); } return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Misc. ////////////////////////////////// public XContentBuilder percentageField(String rawFieldName, String readableFieldName, double percentage) throws IOException { if (humanReadable) { field(readableFieldName, String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%1.1f%%", percentage)); } field(rawFieldName, percentage); return this; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Raw fields ////////////////////////////////// /** * Writes a raw field with the value taken from the bytes in the stream * @deprecated use {@link #rawField(String, InputStream, XContentType)} to avoid content type auto-detection */ @Deprecated public XContentBuilder rawField(String name, InputStream value) throws IOException { generator.writeRawField(name, value); return this; } /** * Writes a raw field with the value taken from the bytes in the stream */ public XContentBuilder rawField(String name, InputStream value, XContentType contentType) throws IOException { generator.writeRawField(name, value, contentType); return this; } /** * Writes a value with the source coming directly from the bytes in the stream */ public XContentBuilder rawValue(InputStream stream, XContentType contentType) throws IOException { generator.writeRawValue(stream, contentType); return this; } public XContentBuilder copyCurrentStructure(XContentParser parser) throws IOException { generator.copyCurrentStructure(parser); return this; } @Override public void flush() throws IOException { generator.flush(); } @Override public void close() { try { generator.close(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to close the XContentBuilder", e); } } public XContentGenerator generator() { return this.generator; } static void ensureNameNotNull(String name) { ensureNotNull(name, "Field name cannot be null"); } static void ensureNotNull(Object value, String message) { if (value == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(message); } } private static void ensureNoSelfReferences(Object value) { Iterable it = convert(value); if (it != null) { ensureNoSelfReferences(it, value, Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<>())); } } private static Iterable convert(Object value) { if (value == null) { return null; } if (value instanceof Map) { return ((Map) value).values(); } else if ((value instanceof Iterable) && (value instanceof Path == false)) { return (Iterable) value; } else if (value instanceof Object[]) { return Arrays.asList((Object[]) value); } else { return null; } } private static void ensureNoSelfReferences(final Iterable value, Object originalReference, final Set ancestors) { if (value != null) { if (ancestors.add(originalReference) == false) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Iterable object is self-referencing itself"); } for (Object o : value) { ensureNoSelfReferences(convert(o), o, ancestors); } ancestors.remove(originalReference); } } }