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/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
 * terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0, which is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 */

package org.glassfish.pfl.basic.concurrent ;

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;


/**
 * A hashtable-based Map implementation with weak keys.
 * An entry in a WeakHashMap will automatically be removed when
 * its key is no longer in ordinary use.  More precisely, the presence of a
 * mapping for a given key will not prevent the key from being discarded by the
 * garbage collector, that is, made finalizable, finalized, and then reclaimed.
 * When a key has been discarded its entry is effectively removed from the map,
 * so this class behaves somewhat differently from other Map
 * implementations.
 *
 * 

Both null values and the null key are supported. This class has * performance characteristics similar to those of the HashMap * class, and has the same efficiency parameters of initial capacity * and load factor. * *

Like most collection classes, this class is not synchronized. * A synchronized WeakHashMap may be constructed using the * Collections.synchronizedMap method. * *

This class is intended primarily for use with key objects whose * equals methods test for object identity using the * == operator. Once such a key is discarded it can never be * recreated, so it is impossible to do a lookup of that key in a * WeakHashMap at some later time and be surprised that its entry * has been removed. This class will work perfectly well with key objects * whose equals methods are not based upon object identity, such * as String instances. With such recreatable key objects, * however, the automatic removal of WeakHashMap entries whose * keys have been discarded may prove to be confusing. * *

The behavior of the WeakHashMap class depends in part upon * the actions of the garbage collector, so several familiar (though not * required) Map invariants do not hold for this class. Because * the garbage collector may discard keys at any time, a * WeakHashMap may behave as though an unknown thread is silently * removing entries. In particular, even if you synchronize on a * WeakHashMap instance and invoke none of its mutator methods, it * is possible for the size method to return smaller values over * time, for the isEmpty method to return false and * then true, for the containsKey method to return * true and later false for a given key, for the * get method to return a value for a given key but later return * null, for the put method to return * null and the remove method to return * false for a key that previously appeared to be in the map, and * for successive examinations of the key set, the value collection, and * the entry set to yield successively smaller numbers of elements. * *

Each key object in a WeakHashMap is stored indirectly as * the referent of a weak reference. Therefore a key will automatically be * removed only after the weak references to it, both inside and outside of the * map, have been cleared by the garbage collector. * *

Implementation note: The value objects in a * WeakHashMap are held by ordinary strong references. Thus care * should be taken to ensure that value objects do not strongly refer to their * own keys, either directly or indirectly, since that will prevent the keys * from being discarded. Note that a value object may refer indirectly to its * key via the WeakHashMap itself; that is, a value object may * strongly refer to some other key object whose associated value object, in * turn, strongly refers to the key of the first value object. One way * to deal with this is to wrap values themselves within * WeakReferences before * inserting, as in: m.put(key, new WeakReference(value)), * and then unwrapping upon each get. * *

The iterators returned by the iterator method of the collections * returned by all of this class's "collection view methods" are * fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after the * iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own * remove method, the iterator will throw a {@link * ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of concurrent * modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking * arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future. * *

Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the * presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators * throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this * exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators * should be used only to detect bugs. * *

This class is a member of the * * Java Collections Framework. * *

This is copied directly from JDK 6 to get a version with the fix * for but 6425537. * * @param the type of keys maintained by this map * @param the type of mapped values * * @version %I%, %G% * @author Doug Lea * @author Josh Bloch * @author Mark Reinhold * @since 1.2 * @see java.util.HashMap * @see java.lang.ref.WeakReference */ public class WeakHashMapSafeReadLock extends AbstractMap implements Map { /** * The default initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two. */ private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16; /** * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified * by either of the constructors with arguments. * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30. */ private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; /** * The load fast used when none specified in constructor. */ private static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; /** * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two. */ private Entry[] table; /** * The number of key-value mappings contained in this weak hash map. */ private int size; /** * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor). */ private int threshold; /** * The load factor for the hash table. */ private final float loadFactor; /** * Reference queue for cleared WeakEntries */ private final ReferenceQueue queue = new ReferenceQueue(); /** * The number of times this WeakHashMap has been structurally modified. * Structural modifications are those that change the number of * mappings in the map or otherwise modify its internal structure * (e.g., rehash). This field is used to make iterators on * Collection-views of the map fail-fast. * * @see ConcurrentModificationException */ private volatile int modCount; /** * Constructs a new, empty WeakHashMap with the given initial * capacity and the given load factor. * * @param initialCapacity The initial capacity of the WeakHashMap * @param loadFactor The load factor of the WeakHashMap * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative, * or if the load factor is nonpositive. */ public WeakHashMapSafeReadLock(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Illegal Initial Capacity: " + initialCapacity); } if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; } if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load factor: " + loadFactor); } int capacity = 1; while (capacity < initialCapacity) { capacity <<= 1; } table = new Entry[capacity]; this.loadFactor = loadFactor; threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor); } /** * Constructs a new, empty WeakHashMap with the given initial * capacity and the default load factor (0.75). * * @param initialCapacity The initial capacity of the WeakHashMap * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative */ public WeakHashMapSafeReadLock(int initialCapacity) { this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR); } /** * Constructs a new, empty WeakHashMap with the default initial * capacity (16) and load factor (0.75). */ public WeakHashMapSafeReadLock() { this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; threshold = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY; table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY]; } /** * Constructs a new WeakHashMap with the same mappings as the * specified map. The WeakHashMap is created with the default * load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to hold the * mappings in the specified map. * * @param m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null * @since 1.3 */ public WeakHashMapSafeReadLock(Map m) { this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1, 16), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR); putAll(m); } // internal utilities /** * Value representing null keys inside tables. */ private static final Object NULL_KEY = new Object(); /** * Use NULL_KEY for key if it is null. */ private static Object maskNull(Object key) { return (key == null ? NULL_KEY : key); } /** * Returns internal representation of null key back to caller as null. */ private static K unmaskNull(Object key) { return (K) (key == NULL_KEY ? null : key); } /** * Checks for equality of non-null reference x and possibly-null y. By * default uses Object.equals. */ static boolean eq(Object x, Object y) { return x == y || x.equals(y); } /** * Returns index for hash code h. */ static int indexFor(int h, int length) { return h & (length-1); } /** * Expunges stale entries from the table. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void expungeStaleEntries() { Entry e; while ( (e = (Entry) queue.poll()) != null) { // Fix for 6425537: WeakHashMap should be safe for concurrent get synchronized( queue ) { int h = e.hash; int i = indexFor(h, table.length); Entry prev = table[i]; Entry p = prev; while (p != null) { Entry next = p.next; if (p == e) { if (prev == e) { table[i] = next; } else { prev.next = next; } e.next = null; // Help GC e.value = null; // " " size--; break; } prev = p; p = next; } } } } /** * Returns the table after first expunging stale entries. */ private Entry[] getTable() { expungeStaleEntries(); return table; } /** * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. * This result is a snapshot, and may not reflect unprocessed * entries that will be removed before next attempted access * because they are no longer referenced. */ public int size() { if (size == 0) { return 0; } expungeStaleEntries(); return size; } /** * Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings. * This result is a snapshot, and may not reflect unprocessed * entries that will be removed before next attempted access * because they are no longer referenced. */ @Override public boolean isEmpty() { return size() == 0; } static int computeHash( int h ) { int hash = h ^ (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12) ; return hash ^ (hash >>> 7) ^ (hash >>> 4) ; } /** * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key. * *

More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null : * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise * it returns {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.) * *

A return value of {@code null} does not necessarily * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}. * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to * distinguish these two cases. * * @see #put(Object, Object) */ @Override public V get(Object key) { Object k = maskNull(key); int h = computeHash(k.hashCode()); Entry[] tab = getTable(); int index = indexFor(h, tab.length); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry e = tab[index]; while (e != null) { if (e.hash == h && eq(k, e.get())) { return e.value; } e = e.next; } return null; } /** * Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the * specified key. * * @param key The key whose presence in this map is to be tested * @return true if there is a mapping for key; * false otherwise */ @Override public boolean containsKey(Object key) { return getEntry(key) != null; } /** * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in this map. * Returns null if the map contains no mapping for this key. */ Entry getEntry(Object key) { Object k = maskNull(key); int h = computeHash(k.hashCode()); Entry[] tab = getTable(); int index = indexFor(h, tab.length); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry e = tab[index]; while (e != null && !(e.hash == h && eq(k, e.get()))) { e = e.next; } return e; } /** * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map. * If the map previously contained a mapping for this key, the old * value is replaced. * * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated. * @param value value to be associated with the specified key. * @return the previous value associated with key, or * null if there was no mapping for key. * (A null return can also indicate that the map * previously associated null with key.) */ @Override public V put(K key, V value) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K k = (K) maskNull(key); int h = computeHash(k.hashCode()); Entry[] tab = getTable(); int i = indexFor(h, tab.length); for (@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { if (h == e.hash && eq(k, e.get())) { V oldValue = e.value; if (value != oldValue) { e.value = value; } return oldValue; } } modCount++; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry e = tab[i]; tab[i] = new Entry(k, value, queue, h, e); if (++size >= threshold) { resize(tab.length * 2); } return null; } /** * Rehashes the contents of this map into a new array with a * larger capacity. This method is called automatically when the * number of keys in this map reaches its threshold. * * If current capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY, this method does not * resize the map, but sets threshold to Integer.MAX_VALUE. * This has the effect of preventing future calls. * * @param newCapacity the new capacity, MUST be a power of two; * must be greater than current capacity unless current * capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY (in which case value * is irrelevant). */ void resize(int newCapacity) { Entry[] oldTable = getTable(); int oldCapacity = oldTable.length; if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return; } Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity]; transfer(oldTable, newTable); table = newTable; /* * If ignoring null elements and processing ref queue caused massive * shrinkage, then restore old table. This should be rare, but avoids * unbounded expansion of garbage-filled tables. */ if (size >= threshold / 2) { threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor); } else { expungeStaleEntries(); transfer(newTable, oldTable); table = oldTable; } } /** Transfers all entries from src to dest tables */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void transfer(Entry[] src, Entry[] dest) { for (int j = 0; j < src.length; ++j) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry e = src[j]; src[j] = null; while (e != null) { Entry next = e.next; Object key = e.get(); if (key == null) { e.next = null; // Help GC e.value = null; // " " size--; } else { int i = indexFor(e.hash, dest.length); e.next = dest[i]; dest[i] = e; } e = next; } } } /** * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map. * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for any * of the keys currently in the specified map. * * @param m mappings to be stored in this map. * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null. */ @Override public void putAll(Map m) { int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size(); if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0) { return; } /* * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added * is greater than or equal to threshold. This is conservative; the * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity, * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map. * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself * to at most one extra resize. */ if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) { int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1); if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; } int newCapacity = table.length; while (newCapacity < targetCapacity) { newCapacity <<= 1; } if (newCapacity > table.length) { resize(newCapacity); } } for (Map.Entry e : m.entrySet()) { put(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); } } /** * Removes the mapping for a key from this weak hash map if it is present. * More formally, if this map contains a mapping from key k to * value v such that (key==null ? k==null : * key.equals(k)), that mapping is removed. (The map can contain * at most one such mapping.) * *

Returns the value to which this map previously associated the key, * or null if the map contained no mapping for the key. A * return value of null does not necessarily indicate * that the map contained no mapping for the key; it's also possible * that the map explicitly mapped the key to null. * *

The map will not contain a mapping for the specified key once the * call returns. * * @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map * @return the previous value associated with key, or * null if there was no mapping for key */ @Override public V remove(Object key) { Object k = maskNull(key); int h = computeHash(k.hashCode()); Entry[] tab = getTable(); int i = indexFor(h, tab.length); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry prev = tab[i]; Entry e = prev; while (e != null) { Entry next = e.next; if (h == e.hash && eq(k, e.get())) { modCount++; size--; if (prev == e) { tab[i] = next; } else { prev.next = next; } return e.value; } prev = e; e = next; } return null; } /** Special version of remove needed by Entry set */ Entry removeMapping(Object o) { if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) { return null; } Entry[] tab = getTable(); Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)o; Object k = maskNull(entry.getKey()); int h = computeHash(k.hashCode()); int i = indexFor(h, tab.length); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Entry prev = tab[i]; Entry e = prev; while (e != null) { Entry next = e.next; if (h == e.hash && e.equals(entry)) { modCount++; size--; if (prev == e) { tab[i] = next; } else { prev.next = next; } return e; } prev = e; e = next; } return null; } /** * Removes all of the mappings from this map. * The map will be empty after this call returns. */ public void clear() { // clear out ref queue. We don't need to expunge entries // since table is getting cleared. while (queue.poll() != null) ; modCount++; Entry[] tab = table; for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) tab[i] = null; size = 0; // Allocation of array may have caused GC, which may have caused // additional entries to go stale. Removing these entries from the // reference queue will make them eligible for reclamation. while (queue.poll() != null) ; } /** * Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the * specified value. * * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested * @return true if this map maps one or more keys to the * specified value */ public boolean containsValue(Object value) { if (value==null) return containsNullValue(); Entry[] tab = getTable(); for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) if (value.equals(e.value)) return true; return false; } /** * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument */ private boolean containsNullValue() { Entry[] tab = getTable(); for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) if (e.value==null) return true; return false; } /** * The entries in this hash table extend WeakReference, using its main ref * field as the key. */ private static class Entry extends WeakReference implements Map.Entry { private V value; private final int hash; private Entry next; /** * Creates new entry. */ Entry(K key, V value, ReferenceQueue queue, int hash, Entry next) { super(key, queue); this.value = value; this.hash = hash; this.next = next; } public K getKey() { return WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.unmaskNull(get()); } public V getValue() { return value; } public V setValue(V newValue) { V oldValue = value; value = newValue; return oldValue; } public boolean equals(Object o) { if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) return false; Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o; Object k1 = getKey(); Object k2 = e.getKey(); if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) { Object v1 = getValue(); Object v2 = e.getValue(); if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2))) return true; } return false; } public int hashCode() { Object k = getKey(); Object v = getValue(); return ((k==null ? 0 : k.hashCode()) ^ (v==null ? 0 : v.hashCode())); } public String toString() { return getKey() + "=" + getValue(); } } private abstract class HashIterator implements Iterator { int index; Entry entry = null; Entry lastReturned = null; int expectedModCount = modCount; /** * Strong reference needed to avoid disappearance of key * between hasNext and next */ Object nextKey = null; /** * Strong reference needed to avoid disappearance of key * between nextEntry() and any use of the entry */ Object currentKey = null; HashIterator() { index = (size() != 0 ? table.length : 0); } public boolean hasNext() { Entry[] t = table; while (nextKey == null) { Entry e = entry; int i = index; while (e == null && i > 0) e = t[--i]; entry = e; index = i; if (e == null) { currentKey = null; return false; } nextKey = e.get(); // hold on to key in strong ref if (nextKey == null) entry = entry.next; } return true; } /** The common parts of next() across different types of iterators */ protected Entry nextEntry() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); if (nextKey == null && !hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); lastReturned = entry; entry = entry.next; currentKey = nextKey; nextKey = null; return lastReturned; } public void remove() { if (lastReturned == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.remove(currentKey); expectedModCount = modCount; lastReturned = null; currentKey = null; } } private class ValueIterator extends HashIterator { public V next() { return nextEntry().value; } } private class KeyIterator extends HashIterator { public K next() { return nextEntry().getKey(); } } private class EntryIterator extends HashIterator> { public Map.Entry next() { return nextEntry(); } } // Views private transient Set> entrySet = null; private transient volatile Set myKeySet = null ; private transient volatile Collection myValues = null ; /** * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map. * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are * reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through * the iterator's own remove operation), the results of * the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, * which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the * Iterator.remove, Set.remove, * removeAll, retainAll, and clear * operations. It does not support the add or addAll * operations. */ public Set keySet() { Set ks = myKeySet; return (ks != null ? ks : (myKeySet = new KeySet())); } private class KeySet extends AbstractSet { public Iterator iterator() { return new KeyIterator(); } public int size() { return WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.size(); } public boolean contains(Object o) { return containsKey(o); } public boolean remove(Object o) { if (containsKey(o)) { WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.remove(o); return true; } else return false; } public void clear() { WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.clear(); } } /** * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map. * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is * modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress * (except through the iterator's own remove operation), * the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding * mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, * Collection.remove, removeAll, * retainAll and clear operations. It does not * support the add or addAll operations. */ public Collection values() { Collection vs = myValues; return (vs != null ? vs : (myValues = new Values())); } private class Values extends AbstractCollection { public Iterator iterator() { return new ValueIterator(); } public int size() { return WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.size(); } public boolean contains(Object o) { return containsValue(o); } public void clear() { WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.clear(); } } /** * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map. * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are * reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through * the iterator's own remove operation, or through the * setValue operation on a map entry returned by the * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding * mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, * Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll and * clear operations. It does not support the * add or addAll operations. */ public Set> entrySet() { Set> es = entrySet; return es != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet()); } private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet> { public Iterator> iterator() { return new EntryIterator(); } public boolean contains(Object o) { if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) { return false; } Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o; Entry candidate = getEntry(e.getKey()); return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e); } @Override public boolean remove(Object o) { return removeMapping(o) != null; } @Override public int size() { return WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.size(); } @Override public void clear() { WeakHashMapSafeReadLock.this.clear(); } private List> deepCopy() { List> list = new ArrayList>(size()); for (Map.Entry e : this) list.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(e)); return list; } public Object[] toArray() { return deepCopy().toArray(); } public T[] toArray(T[] a) { return deepCopy().toArray(a); } } }





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